- 1980s: memory K/MB, 1-10MHz CPUs, simple software, testing-sufficient.
C fit in 64KB; Lisp needed 40MB and GC cycles. The market chose throughput.
- Today: memory and transistors are free (billions on an ARM core).
Software is too complex for testing alone. Cost of failure > cost of
verification.
- Inversion: 1980s said correctness is a luxury. 2020s says correctness
is the only affordable option.
- Passepartout exploits this: verification appliance for K/year replaces
00K/year in compliance failures.
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