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* Antifragile_ Things That Gain From Disorde - Nassim Nicholas Taleb
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Nassim Nicholas Taleb/Antifragile_ Things That Gain From Disorder (7793)/Antifragile_ Things That Gain From Disorde - Nassim Nicholas Taleb.epub
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:END:
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** Notes for page (41 . 4950)
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (41 . 4950)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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There is another issue with the abstract state, a psychological one. We humans scorn what is not concrete. We are more easily swayed by a crying baby than by thousands of people dying elsewhere that do not make it to our living room through the TV set. The one case is a tragedy, the other a statistic. Our emotional energy is blind to probability. The media make things worse as they play on our infatuation with anecdotes, our thirst for the sensational, and they cause a great deal of unfairness that way. At the present time, one person is dying of diabetes every seven seconds, but the news can only talk about victims of hurricanes with houses flying in the air.
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The problem is that by creating bureaucracies, we put civil servants in a position to make decisions based on abstract and theoretical matters, with the illusion that they will be making them in a rational, accountable way.
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Also consider that lobbyists—this annoying race of lobbyists—cannot exist in a municipality or small region. The Europeans, thanks to the centralization of (some) power with the European Commission in Brussels, are quickly discovering the existence of these mutants coming to manipulate democracy for the sake of some large corporation. By influencing one single decision or regulation in Brussels, a single lobbyist gets a large bang. It is a much larger payoff (at low cost) than with municipalities, which would require armies of lobbyists trying to convince people while embedded in their communities.3
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Consider, too, the other effect of scale: small corporations are less likely to have lobbyists.
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The same bottom-up effect applies to law. The Italian political and legal philosopher Bruno Leoni has argued in favor of the robustness of judge-based law (owing to its diversity) as compared to explicit and rigid codifications. True, the choice of a court could be a lottery—but it helps prevent large-scale mistakes.
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I use the example of Switzerland to show the natural antifragility of political systems and how stability is achieved by managing noise, having a mechanism for letting it run its natural course, not by minimizing it.
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Note another element of Switzerland: it is perhaps the most successful country in history, yet it has traditionally had a very low level of university education compared to the rest of the rich nations. Its system, even in banking during my days, was based on apprenticeship models, nearly vocational rather than the theoretical ones. In other words, on techne (crafts and know how), not episteme (book knowledge, know what).
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#+END_QUOTE
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** Like in jury duty. Also, random choice, if the number is large enough, eliminates the need for elections.
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (46 . 4939)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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I immediately thought that perhaps the opposite parable should be written: instead of having the rulers randomize the jobs of citizens, we should have citizens randomize the jobs of rulers, naming them by raffles and removing them at random as well. That is similar to simulated annealing—and it happens to be no less effective. It turned out that the ancients—again, those ancients!—were aware of it: the members of the Athenian assemblies were chosen by lot, a method meant to protect the system from degeneracy. Luckily, this effect has been investigated with modern political systems. In a computer simulation, Alessandro Pluchino and his colleagues showed how adding a certain number of randomly selected politicians to the process can improve the functioning of the parliamentary system.
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#+END_QUOTE
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** Notes for page (51 . 11601)
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (51 . 11601)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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On the other hand, social science seems to diverge from theory to theory. During
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the cold war, the University of Chicago was promoting laissez-faire theories, while
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the University of Moscow taught the exact opposite—but their respective physics
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departments were in convergence, if not total agreement. This is the reason I put
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social science theories in the left column of the Triad, as something superfragile for
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real-world decisions and unusable for risk analyses. The very designation “theory” is
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even upsetting. In social science we should call these constructs “chimeras” rather
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than theories.
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#+END_QUOTE
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** Notes for page (51 . 19900)
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (51 . 19900)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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But I also buy the opposite argument that regulating street signs does not seem to
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reduce risks; drivers become more placid. Experiments show that alertness is
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weakened when one relinquishes control to the system (again, lack of
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overcompensation). Motorists need the stressors and tension coming from the
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feeling of danger to feed their attention and risk controls, rather than some external
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regulator—fewer pedestrians die jaywalking than using regulated crossings. Some
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libertarians use the example of Drachten, a town in the Netherlands, in which a
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dream experiment was conducted. All street signs were removed. The deregulation
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led to an increase in safety, confirming the antifragility of attention at work, how it is
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whetted by a sense of danger and responsibility. As a result, many German and
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Dutch towns have reduced the number of street signs. We saw a version of the
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Drachten effect in Chapter 2 in the discussion of the automation of planes, which
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produces the exact opposite effect than what is intended by making pilots lose
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alertness. But one needs to be careful not to overgeneralize the Drachten effect, as
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it does not imply the effectiveness of removing all rules from society. As I said
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earlier, speed on the highway responds to a different dynamic and its risks are
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different.
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#+END_QUOTE
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** Difference between Buddhism and Stoicism
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (65 . 16129)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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1 For those readers who wonder about the difference between Buddhism and
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Stoicism, I have a simple answer. A Stoic is a Buddhist with attitude, one who says
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“f*** you” to fate.
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#+END_QUOTE
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** The economist who can provide. A joke for Nancy
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (69 . 3802)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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The Accountant and the Rock Star
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Biological systems are replete with barbell strategies. Take the following mating approach, which we call the 90 percent accountant, 10 percent rock star. (I am just reporting, not condoning.) Females in the animal kingdom, in some monogamous species (which include humans), tend to marry the equivalent of the accountant, or, even more colorless, the economist, someone stable who can provide, and once in a while they cheat with the aggressive alpha, the rock star, as part of a dual strategy. They limit their downside while using extrapair copulation to get the genetic upside, or some great fun, or both. Even the timing of the cheating seems nonrandom, as it corresponds to periods with high likelihood of pregnancy. We see evidence of such a strategy with the so-called monogamous birds: they enjoy cheating, with more than a tenth of the broods coming from males other than the putative father. The phenomenon is real, but the theories around it vary. Evolutionary theorists claim that females want both economic-social stability and good genes for their children. Both cannot be always obtained from someone in the middle with all these virtues (though good gene providers, those alpha males aren’t likely to be stable, and vice versa). Why not have the pie and eat it too? Stable life and good genes. But an alternative theory may be that they just want to have pleasure—or stable life and good fun
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#+END_QUOTE
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** On writing simply and complex
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (69 . 11864)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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My writing approach is as follows: on one hand a literary essay that can be grasped
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by anyone and on the other technical papers, nothing in between—such as
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interviews with journalists or newspaper articles or op-ed pieces, outside of the
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requirements of publishers.
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#+END_QUOTE
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** Intelligence (or luck) for starts, then robustness, then options
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (76 . 1908)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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The great French biologist François Jacob introduced into science the notion of
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options (or option-like characteristics) in natural systems, thanks to trial and error,
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under a variant called bricolage in French. Bricolage is a form of trial and error close
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to tweaking, trying to make do with what you’ve got by recycling pieces that would
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be otherwise wasted.
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#+END_QUOTE
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** On the connection between education and economic growth
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (82 . 6515)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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Further, Alison Wolf debunks the flaw in logic in going from the point that it is hard
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to imagine Microsoft or British Aerospace without advanced knowledge to the idea
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that more education means more wealth. “The simple one-way relationship which so
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entrances our politicians and commentators—education spending in, economic
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growth out—simply doesn’t exist. Moreover, the larger and more complex the
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education sector, the less obvious any links to productivity become.” And, similar to
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Pritchet, she looks at countries such as, say, Egypt, and shows how the giant leap in
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education it underwent did not translate into the Highly Cherished Golden GDP
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Growth That Makes Countries Important or Unimportant on the Ranking Tables.
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#+END_QUOTE
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** History is written by losers
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (87 . 6115)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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Practitioners don’t write; they do. Birds fly and those who lecture them are the ones
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who write their story. So it is easy to see that history is truly written by losers with
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time on their hands and a protected academic position.
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#+END_QUOTE
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** Notes for page (116 . 7892)
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (116 . 7892)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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The number of cars is the something, a variable; traffic time is the function of something. The behavior of the function is such that it is, as we said, “not the same thing.” We can see here that the function of something becomes different from the something under nonlinearities.
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(a) The more nonlinear, the more the function of something divorces itself from the something. If traffic were linear, then there would be no difference in traffic time between the two following situations: 90,000, then 110,000 cars on the one hand, or 100,000 cars on the other.
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(b) The more volatile the something—the more uncertainty—the more the function divorces itself from the something. Let us consider the average number of cars again. The function (travel time) depends more on the volatility around the average. Things degrade if there is unevenness of distribution. For the same average you prefer to have 100,000 cars for both time periods; 80,000 then 120,000, would be even worse than 90,000 and 110,000.
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(c) If the function is convex (antifragile), then the average of the function of something is going to be higher than the function of the average of something. And the reverse when the function is concave (fragile).
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As an example for (c), which is a more complicated version of the bias, assume that the function under question is the squaring function (multiply a number by itself). This is a convex function. Take a conventional die (six sides) and consider a payoff equal to the number it lands on, that is, you get paid a number equivalent to what the die shows—1 if it lands on 1, 2 if it lands on 2, up to 6 if it lands on 6. The square of the expected (average) payoff is then (1+2+3+4+5+6 divided by 6)2, equals 3.52, here 12.25. So the function of the average equals 12.25.
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But the average of the function is as follows. Take the square of every payoff, 12+22+32+42+52+62 divided by 6, that is, the average square payoff, and you can see that the average of the function equals 15.17.
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So, since squaring is a convex function, the average of the square payoff is higher than the square of the average payoff. The difference here between 15.17 and 12.25 is what I call the hidden benefit of antifragility—here, a 24 percent “edge.”
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There are two biases: one elementary convexity effect, leading to mistaking the properties of the average of something (here 3.5) and those of a (convex) function of something (here 15.17), and the second, more involved, in mistaking an average of a function for the function of an average, here 15.17 for 12.25. The latter represents optionality.
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Someone with a linear payoff needs to be right more than 50 percent of the time. Someone with a convex payoff, much less. The hidden benefit of antifragility is that you can guess worse than random and still end up outperforming. Here lies the power of optionality—your function of something is very convex, so you can be wrong and still do fine—the more uncertainty, the better.
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This explains my statement that you can be dumb and antifragile and still do very well.
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This hidden “convexity bias” comes from a mathematical property called Jensen’s inequality. This is what the common discourse on innovation is missing. If you ignore the convexity bias, you are missing a chunk of what makes the nonlinear world go round. And it is a fact that such an idea is missing from the discourse. Sorry
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#+END_QUOTE
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** The weakest have no rights.
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (153 . 4431)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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For Metternich, humanity started at the rank of baron; for Aristotle, as well as, though in a separate form, the English up until the twentieth century, it started at the rank of idle freeman, unpreoccupied with work. It never meant not working; it just meant not deriving your personal and emotional identity from your work, and viewing work as something optional, more like a hobby. In a way your profession does not identify you so much as other attributes, here your birth (but it could be something else). This is the f*** you money that allowed Thales of Miletus to gauge his own sincerity. For the Spartans, it was all about courage. For Fat Tony, humanity started at the level of “self-ownership.”
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#+END_QUOTE
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@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
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* Breath_ The New Science of a Lost Art - James Nestor
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/James Nestor/Breath_ The New Science of a Lost Art (11274)/Breath_ The New Science of a Lost Art - James Nestor.epub
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:END:
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** Learn the Five Tibetan Rites. Get the book
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (14 . 1613)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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The path to everlasting life involves a lot of stretching: back bends, neck bends, and twirling, each
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one a holy and ancient practice that had been passed down in secrecy from one Buddhist monk to
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another for 2,500 years. Olsson and I need this stretching; even if we breathe through the nose
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twenty-four hours a day, it won’t help much unless we’ve got the lung capacity to hold in that air.
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Just a few minutes of daily bending and breathing can expand lung capacity. With that extra
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capacity we can expand our lives.
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The stretches, called the Five Tibetan Rites, came to the Western world, and to me, by way of
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writer Peter Kelder, who was known as a lover of “books and libraries, words and poetry.”
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In the 1930s, Kelder was sitting on a park bench in southern California when an elderly stranger
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struck up a conversation. The man, whom he called Colonel Bradford, had spent decades in India
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with the British Army. The Colonel was old—all sloping shoulders, gray hair, and wobbly
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legs—but he believed there was a cure for aging and that it was locked up in a monastery in the
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Himalayas. The usual mystical stuff occurred up there: the sick became healthy, poor became rich,
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old became young. Kelder and the Colonel stayed in touch and shared many conversations. Then,
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one day, the old man hobbled away, desperate to find this Shangri-La before he drew his last
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breath.
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Four years passed until Kelder received a call from his building’s doorman. The Colonel was
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waiting downstairs. He looked 20 years younger. He was standing straight, his face vibrant and
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alive, and his once-balding head was covered in thick, dark hair. He’d found the monastery,
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studied the ancient manuscripts, and learned restorative practices from the monks. He’d reversed
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aging through nothing more than stretching and breathing.
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Kelder described these techniques in a slim booklet titled The Eye of Revelation, published in
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1939. Few people bothered to read it; fewer believed it. Kelder’s yarn was likely fabricated, or at
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minimum grossly exaggerated. However, the lung-expanding stretches he described are rooted in
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actual exercises that date back to 500 BCE. Tibetans had used these methods for millennia to
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improve physical fitness, mental health, cardiovascular function, and, of course, extend life.
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#+END_QUOTE
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** Lungs capacity are the greatests indicator of life span
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (14 . 2844)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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More recently, science has begun measuring what the ancient Tibetans understood intuitively. In
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the 1980s, researchers with the Framingham Study, a 70-year longitudinal research program
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focused on heart disease, attempted to find out if lung size really did correlate to longevity. They
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gathered two decades of data from 5,200 subjects, crunched the numbers, and discovered that the
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greatest indicator of life span wasn’t genetics, diet, or the amount of daily exercise, as many had
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suspected. It was lung capacity.
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The smaller and less efficient lungs became, the quicker subjects got sick and died. The cause of
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deterioration didn’t matter. Smaller meant shorter. But larger lungs equaled longer lives.
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Our ability to breathe full breaths was, according to the researchers, “literally a measure of living
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capacity.” In 2000, University of Buffalo researchers ran a similar study, comparing lung capacity
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in a group of more than a thousand subjects over three decades. The results were the same.
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#+END_QUOTE
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** Most of the weight is lost through breathing as CO2
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (15 . 10607)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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For every ten pounds of fat lost in our bodies, eight and a half pounds of it comes out through the
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lungs; most of it is carbon dioxide mixed with a bit of water vapor. The rest is sweated or urinated
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out. This is a fact that most doctors, nutritionists, and other medical professionals have historically
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gotten wrong. The lungs are the weight-regulating system of the body.
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#+END_QUOTE
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** Prayer is regulated breathing. Again how tradition is distilled knowledge
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:PROPERTIES:
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:NOTER_PAGE: (15 . 29082)
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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A last word on slow breathing. It goes by another name: prayer.
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When Buddhist monks chant their most popular mantra, Om Mani Padme Hum, each spoken
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phrase lasts six seconds, with six seconds to inhale before the chant starts again. The traditional
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chant of Om, the “sacred sound of the universe” used in Jainism and other traditions, takes six
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seconds to sing, with a pause of about six seconds to inhale.
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The sa ta na ma chant, one of the best-known techniques in Kundalini yoga, also takes six seconds
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to vocalize, followed by six seconds to inhale. Then there were the ancient Hindu hand and tongue
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poses called mudras. A technique called khechari, intended to help boost physical and spiritual
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health and overcome disease, involves placing the tongue above the soft palate so that it’s pointed
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toward the nasal cavity. The deep, slow breaths taken during this khechari each take six seconds.
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Japanese, African, Hawaiian, Native American, Buddhist, Taoist, Christian—these cultures and
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religions all had somehow developed the same prayer techniques, requiring the same breathing
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patterns. And they all likely benefited from the same calming effect.
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In 2001, researchers at the University of Pavia in Italy gathered two dozen subjects, covered them
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with sensors to measure blood flow, heart rate, and nervous system feedback, then had them recite
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a Buddhist mantra as well as the original Latin version of the rosary, the Catholic prayer cycle of
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the Ave Maria, which is repeated half by a priest and half by the congregation. They were stunned
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to find that the average number of breaths for each cycle was “almost exactly” identical, just a bit
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quicker than the pace of the Hindu, Taoist, and Native American prayers: 5.5 breaths a minute.
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But what was even more stunning was what breathing like this did to the subjects. Whenever they
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followed this slow breathing pattern, blood flow to the brain increased and the systems in the body
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entered a state of coherence, when the functions of heart, circulation, and nervous system are
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coordinated to peak efficiency. The moment the subjects returned to spontaneous breathing or
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talking, their hearts would beat a little more erratically, and the integration of these systems would
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slowly fall apart. A few more slow and relaxed breaths, and it would return again.
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A decade after the Pavia tests, two renowned professors and doctors in New York, Patricia
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Gerbarg and Richard Brown, used the same breathing pattern on patients with anxiety and
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depression, minus the praying. Some of these patients had trouble breathing slowly, so Gerbarg
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and Brown recommended they start with an easier rhythm of three-second inhales with at least
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the same length exhale. As the patients got more comfortable, they breathed in and breathed out
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longer.
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It turned out that the most efficient breathing rhythm occurred when both the length of
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respirations and total breaths per minute were locked in to a spooky symmetry: 5.5-second inhales
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followed by 5.5-second exhales, which works out almost exactly to 5.5 breaths a minute. This was
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||||
the same pattern of the rosary.
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||||
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||||
The results were profound, even when practiced for just five to ten minutes a day. “I have seen
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||||
patients transformed by adopting regular breathing practices,” said Brown. He and Gerbarg even
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||||
used this slow breathing technique to restore the lungs of 9/11 survivors who suffered from a
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||||
chronic and painful cough caused by the debris, a horrendous condition called ground-glass
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lungs. There was no known cure for this ailment, and yet after just two months, patients achieved
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a significant improvement by simply learning to practice a few rounds of slow breathing a day.
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||||
Gerbarg and Brown would write books and publish several scientific articles about the restorative
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||||
power of the slow breathing, which would become known as “resonant breathing” or Coherent
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||||
Breathing. The technique required no real effort, time, or thoughtfulness. And we could do it
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||||
anywhere, at any time. “It’s totally private,” wrote Gerbarg. “ Nobody knows you’re doing it.”
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||||
In many ways, this resonant breathing offered the same benefits as meditation for people who
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||||
didn’t want to meditate. Or yoga for people who didn’t like to get off the couch. It offered the
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||||
healing touch of prayer for people who weren’t religious.
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||||
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||||
Did it matter if we breathed at a rate of six or five seconds, or were a half second off? It did not, as
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||||
long as the breaths were in the range of 5.5.
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||||
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||||
“We believe that the rosary may have partly evolved because it synchronized with the inherent
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||||
cardiovascular (Mayer) rhythms, and thus gave a feeling of wellbeing, and perhaps an increased
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||||
responsiveness to the religious message,” the Pavia researchers wrote. In other words, the
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||||
meditations, Ave Marias, and dozens of other prayers that had been developed over the past
|
||||
several thousand years weren’t all baseless.
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||||
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||||
Prayer heals, especially when it’s practiced at 5.5 breaths a minute.
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||||
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#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Over-breathing leads to kidney buffering, which tries to balance blood pH by release bicarbonate into the bloodstream, taking with it minerals needed in cells
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (16 . 35363)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Packman explained that overbreathing can have other, deeper effects on the body beyond just lung
|
||||
function and constricted airways. When we breathe too much, we expel too much carbon dioxide,
|
||||
and our blood pH rises to become more alkaline; when we breathe slower and hold in more carbon
|
||||
dioxide, pH lowers and blood becomes more acidic. Almost all cellular functions in the body take
|
||||
place at a blood pH of 7.4, our sweet spot between alkaline and acid.
|
||||
|
||||
When we stray from that, the body will do whatever it can to get us back there. The kidneys, for
|
||||
instance, will respond to overbreathing by “buffering,”* a process in which an alkaline compound
|
||||
called bicarbonate is released into the urine. With less bicarbonate in the blood, the pH lowers back
|
||||
to normal, even if we continue to huff and puff. It’s as if nothing ever happened.
|
||||
|
||||
The problem with buffering is that it’s meant as a temporary fix, not a permanent solution. Weeks,
|
||||
months, or years of overbreathing, and this constant kidney (renal) buffering will deplete the body
|
||||
of essential minerals. This occurs because as bicarbonate leaves the body, it takes magnesium,
|
||||
phosphorus, potassium, and more with it. Without healthy stores of these minerals, nothing works
|
||||
right: nerves malfunction, smooth muscles spasm, and cells can’t efficiently create energy.
|
||||
Breathing becomes even more difficult. This is one reason why asthmatics and other people with
|
||||
chronic respiratory problems are prescribed supplements like magnesium to stave off further
|
||||
attacks.
|
||||
|
||||
Constant buffering also weakens the bones, which try to compensate by dissolving their mineral
|
||||
stores back into the bloodstream. (Yes, it’s possible to overbreathe yourself into osteoporosis and
|
||||
increased risk of bone fractures.) This unending grind of imbalances and compensations, of
|
||||
deficiencies and strain, will eventually break the body down.
|
||||
|
||||
Packman was quick to point out that not all respiratory illness sufferers and other sick people have
|
||||
a carbon dioxide deficiency problem. Those with emphysema, for instance, may have dangerously
|
||||
high levels of carbon dioxide because they’ve got too much stale air trapped inside. Others may
|
||||
test with completely normal blood gas and pH levels. But such nitpicking, he said, missed the
|
||||
larger point.
|
||||
|
||||
All these people have a breathing problem. They’re stressed, they’re inflamed, they’re congested,
|
||||
and they struggle to get air in and out of their lungs. And it’s these breathing problems that slow,
|
||||
paced, less techniques are so effective at fixing.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (19 . 21670)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (19 . 21670)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
That shove is still perplexing to the few scientists paying close attention to such phenomena. They
|
||||
ask: How exactly can conscious extreme breathing hack into the autonomic nervous system?
|
||||
|
||||
Dr. Stephen Porges, a scientist and professor of psychiatry at the University of North Carolina, has
|
||||
studied the nervous system and its response to stress for the past 30 years. His primary focus is the
|
||||
vagus nerve, a meandering network within the system that connects to all the major internal
|
||||
organs. The vagus nerve is the power lever; it’s what turns organs on and off in response to stress.
|
||||
|
||||
When perceived stress level is very high, the vagus nerve slows heart rate, circulation, and organ
|
||||
functions. This is how our reptilian and mammalian ancestors evolved the ability to “play dead”
|
||||
hundreds of millions of years ago, to conserve energy and deflect aggression when under attack by
|
||||
predators. Reptiles still access this ability, as do many mammals. (Imagine the limp body of a
|
||||
mouse in the jaws of a house cat.)
|
||||
|
||||
People “play dead,” too, because we share the same mechanisms in the primitive part of our brain
|
||||
stem. We call it fainting. Our tendency to faint is controlled by the vagal system, specifically how
|
||||
sensitive we are to perceived danger. Some people are so anxious and oversensitive that their
|
||||
vagus nerves will cause them to faint at the smallest things, like seeing a spider, hearing bad news,
|
||||
or looking at blood.
|
||||
|
||||
Most of us aren’t that sensitive. It’s much more common, especially in the modern world, to never
|
||||
experience full-blown, life-threatening stress, but to never fully relax either. We’ll spend our days
|
||||
half-asleep and nights half-awake, lolling in a gray zone of half-anxiety. When we do, the vagus
|
||||
nerve stays half-stimulated.
|
||||
|
||||
During these times, the organs throughout the body won’t be “shut down,” but will instead be
|
||||
half supported in a state of suspended animation: blood flow will decrease and communication
|
||||
between the organs and the brain will become choppy, like a conversation through a staticky
|
||||
phone line. Our bodies can persist like this for a while; they can keep us alive, but they can’t keep
|
||||
us healthy.
|
||||
|
||||
Porges found that patients who suffer Da Costa–like maladies such as tingling in their fingers,
|
||||
chronic diarrhea, rapid heart rate, diabetes, and erectile dysfunction are often treated for each of
|
||||
these symptoms with a focus on individual organs. But there’s nothing wrong with their
|
||||
stomachs, hearts, or genitals. What they often suffer from are communication problems along the
|
||||
vagal and autonomic network, brought on by chronic stress. To some researchers, it’s no
|
||||
coincidence that eight of the top ten most common cancers affect organs cut off from normal blood
|
||||
flow during extended states of stress.
|
||||
|
||||
Fixing the autonomic nervous system can effectively cure or lessen these symptoms. In the past
|
||||
decade, surgeons have implanted electrical nodes in patients that work as an artificial vagal nerve
|
||||
to restart blood flow and communication between organs. The procedure is called vagus nerve
|
||||
stimulation, and it’s highly effective for patients suffering from anxiety, depression, and
|
||||
autoimmune diseases.
|
||||
|
||||
But there is another, less invasive way Porges found to stimulate the vagus nerve: breathing.
|
||||
|
||||
Breathing is an autonomic function we can consciously control. While we can’t simply decide
|
||||
when to slow or speed up our heart or digestion, or to move blood from one organ to another, we
|
||||
can choose how and when to breathe. Willing ourselves to breathe slowly will open up
|
||||
communication along the vagal network and relax us into a parasympathetic state.
|
||||
|
||||
Breathing really fast and heavy on purpose flips the vagal response the other way, shoving us into
|
||||
a stressed state. It teaches us to consciously access the autonomic nervous system and control it, to
|
||||
turn on heavy stress specifically so that we can turn it off and spend the rest of our days and
|
||||
nights relaxing and restoring, feeding and breeding.
|
||||
|
||||
“You are not the passenger,” McGee keeps yelling at me. “You are the pilot!”
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (20 . 12780)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (20 . 12780)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
As far back as the first century BCE, inhabitants of what is now India described a system of
|
||||
conscious apnea, which they claimed restored health and ensured long life. The Bhagavad Gita, a
|
||||
Hindu spiritual text written around 2,000 years ago, translated the breathing practice of
|
||||
pranayama to mean “trance induced by stopping all breathing.” A few centuries after that,
|
||||
Chinese scholars wrote several volumes detailing the art of breathholding. One text, A Book on
|
||||
Breath by the Master Great Nothing of Sung-Shan, offered this advice:
|
||||
|
||||
Lie down every day, pacify your mind, cut off thoughts and block the breath. Close your fists,
|
||||
inhale through your nose, and exhale through your mouth. Do not let the breathing be audible.
|
||||
Let it be most subtle and fine. When the breath is full, block it. The blocking (of the breath) will
|
||||
make the soles of your feet perspire. Count one hundred times “one and two.” After blocking
|
||||
the breath to the extreme, exhale it subtly. Inhale a little more and block (the breath) again. If
|
||||
(you feel) hot, exhale with “Ho.” If (you feel) cold, blow the breath out and exhale it with (the
|
||||
sound) “Ch’ui.” If you can breathe (like this) and count to one thousand (when blocking), then
|
||||
you will need neither grains nor medicine.
|
||||
|
||||
Today, breathholding is associated almost entirely with disease. “Don’t hold your breath,” the
|
||||
adage goes. Denying our bodies a consistent flow of oxygen, we’ve been told, is bad. For the most
|
||||
part, this is sound advice.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (22 . 18579)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (22 . 18579)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
In a nutshell, this is what we’ve learned.
|
||||
|
||||
SHUT YOUR MOUTH
|
||||
|
||||
Two months after the Stanford experiment ended, Dr. Jayakar Nayak’s lab emailed Anders Olsson
|
||||
and me the results of our 20-day study. The major takeaway we already knew: mouthbreathing is
|
||||
terrible.
|
||||
|
||||
After just 240 hours of breathing only through our mouths, catecholamine and stress-related
|
||||
hormones spiked, suggesting that our bodies were under physical and mental duress. A
|
||||
diphtheroid Corynebacterium bug had also infested my nose. If I’d continued breathing only
|
||||
through my mouth for a few more days, it might have developed into a full-fledged sinus
|
||||
infection. All the while, my blood pressure was through the roof and my heart rate variability
|
||||
plummeted. Olsson’s data mirrored mine.
|
||||
|
||||
By night, the constant flow of unpressurized, unfiltered air flowing in and out of our gaping
|
||||
mouths collapsed the soft tissue in our throats to such an extent that we both began to experience
|
||||
persistent nocturnal suffocation. We snored. A few days later, we started choking on ourselves,
|
||||
suffering from bouts of sleep apnea. Had we continued breathing through our mouths, there’s a
|
||||
decent chance we both would have developed chronic snoring and obstructive sleep apnea, along
|
||||
with the hypertension and metabolic and cognitive problems that come with it.
|
||||
|
||||
Not all of our measurements changed. Blood sugar levels weren’t affected. Cell counts in the blood
|
||||
and ionized calcium remained the same, as did most other blood markers.
|
||||
|
||||
There were a few surprises. My lactate levels, a measure of anaerobic respiration, actually
|
||||
decreased with mouthbreathing, which suggested I was using more oxygen-burning aerobic
|
||||
energy. This was the opposite of what most fitness experts would have predicted. (Olsson’s lactate
|
||||
slightly increased.) I lost about two pounds, due most likely to exhaled water loss. But trust me on
|
||||
this: a post-holiday mouthbreathing diet is not recommended.
|
||||
|
||||
The nagging fatigue, irritation, testiness, and anxiety. The horrid breath and constant bathroom
|
||||
breaks. The spaciness, stares, and stomachaches. It was awful.
|
||||
|
||||
The human body has evolved to be able to breathe through two channels for a reason. It increases
|
||||
our chances of survival. Should the nose get obstructed, the mouth becomes a backup ventilation
|
||||
system. The few gasping breaths Stephen Curry takes before dunking a basketball, or a sick kid
|
||||
huffs when he has a fever, or you take in when you’re laughing with your friends—this temporary
|
||||
mouthbreathing will have no long-term effects on health.
|
||||
|
||||
Chronic mouthbreathing is different. The body is not designed to process raw air for hours at a
|
||||
time, day or night. There is nothing normal about it.
|
||||
|
||||
BREATHE THROUGH YOUR NOSE
|
||||
|
||||
The day Olsson and I removed the plugs and tape, our blood pressure dropped, carbon dioxide
|
||||
levels rose, and heart rates normalized. Snoring decreased 30-fold from the mouthbreathing
|
||||
phase, from several hours a night to a few minutes. Within two days, neither of us was snoring at
|
||||
all. The bacterial infection in my nose quickly cleared up without treatment. Olsson and I had
|
||||
cured ourselves by breathing through our noses.
|
||||
|
||||
Ann Kearney, the doctor of speech-language pathology at the Stanford Voice and Swallowing
|
||||
Center, was so impressed by our data and her own transformation overcoming congestion and
|
||||
mouthbreathing that, at this writing, she is putting together a two-year study with 500 subjects to
|
||||
research the effects of sleep tape on snoring and sleep apnea.
|
||||
|
||||
The benefits of nasal breathing extended beyond the bedroom. I increased my performance on the
|
||||
stationary bike by about 10 percent. (Olsson had more modest gains, about 5 percent.) These
|
||||
results paled in comparison to the gains reported by sports training expert John Douillard, but I
|
||||
couldn’t imagine any athlete who wouldn’t want a 10 percent—or even a 1 percent—advantage
|
||||
over a competitor.
|
||||
|
||||
On a more personal note, those first few nasal breaths after ten days of obstruction were so
|
||||
shimmering and rousing that I got a little teary-eyed. I thought about my interviews with all the
|
||||
empty nose syndrome sufferers who’d been told they were crazy, that they should just quit
|
||||
complaining and breathe through their mouths. I thought about kids who’d been told that chronic
|
||||
allergies and congestion were a part of childhood, and the adults who’d convinced themselves
|
||||
that choking every night was a natural part of growing old.
|
||||
|
||||
I had felt their pain, and was lucky enough to breathe life on the other side. It’s something I’ll
|
||||
never forget, and will never, ever repeat.
|
||||
|
||||
EXHALE
|
||||
|
||||
Carl Stough spent a half century reminding his students of how to get all the air out of our bodies
|
||||
so that we could take more in. He trained his clients to exhale longer and, in the process, do what
|
||||
had long been considered biologically impossible. Emphysemics reported almost total recovery from
|
||||
their incurable conditions, opera singers gained more resonance and tone in their voices,
|
||||
asthmatics no longer suffered from attacks, and Olympic sprinters went on to win gold medals.
|
||||
|
||||
As basic as this sounds, full exhalations are seldom practiced. Most of us engage only a small
|
||||
fraction of our total lung capacity with each breath, requiring us to do more and get less. One of
|
||||
the first steps in healthy breathing is to extend these breaths, to move the diaphragm up and down
|
||||
a bit more, and to get air out of us before taking a new one in.
|
||||
|
||||
“ The difference in breathing in the coordinated pattern and in an altered pattern is the difference
|
||||
between operating at peak efficiency and just getting along,” Stough wrote in the 1960s. “An
|
||||
engine does not have to be in tip-top condition to work, but it gives a better performance if it is.”
|
||||
|
||||
CHEW
|
||||
|
||||
The millions of ancient skeletons in the Paris quarries and hundreds of pre–Industrial Age skulls at
|
||||
the Morton Collection had three things in common: huge sinus cavities, strong jaws, and straight
|
||||
teeth. Almost all humans born before 300 years ago shared these traits because they chewed a lot.
|
||||
|
||||
The bones in the human face don’t stop growing in our 20s, unlike other bones in the body. They
|
||||
can expand and remodel into our 70s, and likely beyond. Which means we can influence the size
|
||||
and shape of our mouths and improve our ability to breathe at virtually any age.
|
||||
|
||||
To do this, don’t follow the diet advice of eating what our great-grandmothers ate. Too much of
|
||||
that stuff was already soft and overly processed. Your diet should consist of the rougher, rawer,
|
||||
and heartier foods our great-great-great-great-great-great-grandmothers ate. The kinds of foods
|
||||
that required an hour or two a day of hard chewing. And in the meantime, lips together, teeth
|
||||
slightly touching, and tongue on the roof of the mouth.
|
||||
|
||||
BREATHE MORE, ON OCCASION
|
||||
|
||||
Since meeting Chuck McGee at that roadside park in the Sierras, I’ve been practicing Tummo with
|
||||
dozens of others from around the world on Monday nights. That’s when McGee hosts a free online
|
||||
session open to anyone who wants to “become the eye of the storm.”
|
||||
|
||||
Overbreathing has gotten a bad rap in the past few decades, and rightfully so. Feeding the body
|
||||
more air than it needs is damaging for the lungs right down to the cellular level. Today, the
|
||||
majority of us breathe more than we should, without realizing it.
|
||||
|
||||
Willing yourself to breathe heavily for a short, intense time, however, can be profoundly
|
||||
therapeutic. “It’s only through disruption that we can be normal again,” McGee told me. That’s
|
||||
what techniques like Tummo, Sudarshan Kriya, and vigorous pranayamas do. They stress the
|
||||
body on purpose, snapping it out of its funk so that it can properly function during the other 23½
|
||||
hours a day. Conscious heavy breathing teaches us to be the pilots of our autonomic nervous
|
||||
systems and our bodies, not the passengers.
|
||||
|
||||
HOLD YOUR BREATH
|
||||
|
||||
Several months after experimenting with carbon dioxide therapy, I was at home reading the
|
||||
Sunday paper, flipping through the obituaries, and saw that Dr. Donald Klein had died. Klein
|
||||
was the psychiatrist who spent years studying the links between chemoreceptor flexibility, carbon
|
||||
dioxide, and anxieties. He was 90. It was Klein’s research that inspired Justin Feinstein to pursue
|
||||
the NIH-funded experiments in Tulsa.
|
||||
|
||||
I wrote Feinstein with the news. He was crushed. He told me he’d been planning on reaching out
|
||||
to Klein in the coming weeks regarding what could be a “game-changing discovery.”
|
||||
|
||||
It turns out that the amygdalae, those gooey nodes on the sides of our head that help govern
|
||||
perceptions of fear and emotions, also control aspects of our breathing. Patients with epilepsy who
|
||||
have had these brain areas stimulated with electrodes immediately cease breathing. The patients
|
||||
were totally unaware of it and didn’t seem to feel their carbon dioxide levels rising long after their
|
||||
breathing ceased.
|
||||
|
||||
Communication between the chemoreceptors and amygdalae works both ways: these structures
|
||||
are constantly exchanging information and adjusting breathing every second of every minute of
|
||||
the day. If communication breaks down, havoc ensues.
|
||||
|
||||
Feinstein believes that people with anxiety likely suffer from connection problems between these
|
||||
areas and could unwittingly be holding their breath throughout the day. Only when the body
|
||||
becomes overwhelmed by carbon dioxide would their chemoreceptors kick in and trigger an
|
||||
emergency signal to the brain to immediately get another breath. The patients would reflexively
|
||||
start fighting to breathe. They’d panic.
|
||||
|
||||
Eventually their bodies adapt to avoid such unexpected attacks by staying in a state of alert, by
|
||||
constantly overbreathing in an effort to keep their carbon dioxide as low as possible.
|
||||
|
||||
“What anxious patients could be experiencing is a completely natural reaction—they’re reacting to
|
||||
an emergency in their bodies,” said Feinstein. “It could be that anxiety, at its root, isn’t a
|
||||
psychological problem at all.”
|
||||
|
||||
This approach is all very theoretical, Feinstein warned, and needs to be rigorously tested, which is
|
||||
what he will do in the coming years. But if it’s true, it could explain why so many drugs don’t
|
||||
work for panic, anxiety, and other fear-based conditions, and how slow and steady breathing
|
||||
therapy does.
|
||||
|
||||
HOW WE BREATHE MATTERS
|
||||
|
||||
I’ve chatted with Anders Olsson every few weeks since we paid through the nose in the Stanford
|
||||
experiment. Our talks are never dull. “I have more energy and focus than ever in my life!” he told
|
||||
me, right after celebrating his 50th birthday. Olsson is a pulmonaut in the purest sense: self-taught
|
||||
and driven by a sense that we are missing something right in front of us, a truth basic and
|
||||
essential.
|
||||
|
||||
Through all my travels and travails, there is one lesson, one equation, that I believe is at the root of
|
||||
so much health, happiness, and longevity. I’m a bit embarrassed to say it has taken me a decade to
|
||||
figure this out, and I realize how insignificant it might look on this page. But lest we forget, nature
|
||||
is simple but subtle.
|
||||
|
||||
The perfect breath is this: Breathe in for about 5.5 seconds, then exhale for 5.5 seconds. That’s 5.5
|
||||
breaths a minute for a total of about 5.5 liters of air.
|
||||
|
||||
You can practice this perfect breathing for a few minutes, or a few hours. There is no such thing as
|
||||
having too much peak efficiency in your body.
|
||||
|
||||
Olsson told me he’s working on several more devices to help us breathe at this rate—slowly and
|
||||
less. He’s finishing production on his BreathIQ, a portable device that measures nitric oxide, carbon
|
||||
dioxide, ammonia, and other chemicals in exhaled breath. Then there are other skunkworks to
|
||||
mimic the effects of perfect breathing: a carbon dioxide suit, a hat, and . . .
|
||||
|
||||
Meanwhile, Google just released an app that pops up automatically when the words “breathing
|
||||
exercise” are searched. It trains visitors to inhale and exhale every 5.5 seconds. Down the street
|
||||
from my house is a startup called Spire, which created a device that tracks breath rate and alerts
|
||||
users every time respiration becomes too fast or disjointed. In the fitness industry, resistance masks
|
||||
and mouthpieces with names like Expand-a-Lung are all the rage.
|
||||
|
||||
Before we know it, breathing slow, less, and through the nose with a big exhale will be big
|
||||
business, like so much else. But be aware that the stripped-down approach is as good as any. It
|
||||
requires no batteries, Wi-Fi, headgear, or smartphones. It costs nothing, takes little time and effort,
|
||||
and you can do it wherever you are, whenever you need. It’s a function our distant ancestors
|
||||
practiced since they crawled out of the sludge two and a half billion years ago, a technology our
|
||||
own species has been perfecting with only our lips, noses, and lungs for hundreds of thousands of
|
||||
years.
|
||||
|
||||
Most days, I treat it like a stretch, something I do after a long time sitting or stressing to bring
|
||||
myself back to normal. When I need an extra boost, I come here, to this old Victorian house in the
|
||||
Haight-Ashbury, and sit beside this rattling window with the other Sudarshan Kriya breathers I
|
||||
first met ten years ago.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
|
||||
* Chip War_ The Fight for the World's Most C - Chris Miller
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Chris Miller/Chip War_ The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology (12144)/Chip War_ The Fight for the World's Most C - Chris Miller.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** This on the explosion of digital computing will be useful when talking about the explosion of digital manufacturing.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (23 . 8987)
|
||||
:ID: 3dcfba08-631c-4fcb-9d1a-34269065beef
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
“In the next ten years,” Mead predicted in 1972, “every facet of our society will be automated to some degree.” He envisioned “a tiny computer deep down inside of our telephone, or our washing machine, or our car” as these silicon chips became pervasive and inexpensive. “In the past 200 years we have improved our ability to manufacture goods and move people by a factor of 100,” Mead calculated. “But in the last 20 years there has been an increase of 1,000,000 to 10,000,000 in the rate at which we process and retrieve information.” A revolutionary explosion of data processing was coming. “We have computer power coming out of our ears.”
|
||||
|
||||
Mead was prophesying a revolution with profound social and political consequences. Influence in this new world would accrue to people who could produce computing power and manipulate it with software. The semiconductor engineers of Silicon Valley had the specialized knowledge, networks, and stock options that let them write the rules of the future—rules everyone else would have to follow. Industrial society was giving way to a digital world, with 1s and 0s stored and processed on many millions of slabs of silicon spread throughout society. The era of the tech tycoons was dawning. “Society’s fate will hang in the balance,” Carver Mead declared. “The catalyst is the microelectronics technology and its ability to put more and more components into less and less space.” Industry outsiders only dimly perceived how the world was changing, but Intel’s leaders knew that if they succeeded in drastically expanding the availability of computing power, radical changes would follow. “ We are really the revolutionaries in the world today,” Gordon Moore declared in 1973, “not the kids with the long hair and beards who were wrecking the schools a few years ago.”
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** 'Real men have fabs' is a parallel to self hosting. As the cost of self fabrication at a certain technological level comes down, and the know-how becomes wide spread, self-manufacturing will catch up. All technologies are this way. They are technologies because 1) they don't work in a fool-proof manner, and 2) because they still require significant capital investment. Capitalism is possibly a necessary engine of innovation but not necessary to meet an increasingly complex set of societal needs.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (50 . 1234)
|
||||
:ID: f273b9a8-8f02-4d93-80f5-2517c561645a
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
“Real men” might have fabs, but Silicon Valley’s new wave of semiconductor entrepreneurs didn’t. Since the late 1980s, there’s been explosive growth in the number of fabless chip firms, which design semiconductors in-house but outsource their manufacturing, commonly relying on TSMC for this service. When Gordon Campbell and Dado Banatao founded Chips and Technologies, which is generally considered the first fabless firm, in 1984, one friend alleged it “wasn’t a real semiconductor company,” since it didn’t build its own chips. However, the graphics chips they designed for PCs proved popular, competing with products built by some of the industry’s biggest players. Eventually Chips and Technologies faded and was purchased by Intel. However, it had proved that a fabless business model could work, requiring only a good idea and a couple of million dollars in startup capital, a tiny fraction of the money needed to build a fab.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
||||
* Farsighted_ How We Make the Decisions That - Steven Johnson
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Steven Johnson/Farsighted_ How We Make the Decisions That Matter the Most (12149)/Farsighted_ How We Make the Decisions That - Steven Johnson.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Perhaps I need a third scenario for [[id:7085168d-8607-4d83-8ec0-2298f33e4a9c][Atoms, Bits and Cells]]
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (10 . 63319)
|
||||
:ID: 85e15e27-6dc1-42da-ad8f-7996cb255499
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
But he combined all that research into three distinct stories, imagining three distinct futures: a high-growth model, a depression model, and what he called the transformative model: “a shift in values that would amount to a profound transformation of Western culture. Ideas had begun to circulate about living more simply and environmentally benignly, about holistic medicine and natural foods, about pursuing inner growth rather than material possessions, and about striving for some kind of planetary consciousness.” The three-part structure turns out to be a common refrain in scenario planning: you build one model where things get better, one where they get worse, and one where they get weird.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** TODO Read this book
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (10 . 64842)
|
||||
:ID: 6f4cc452-6c0e-4aee-a32a-610d1b878a52
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Hawken and Schwartz began thinking about the scenario-planning technique as a tool for making broader social decisions: environmental stewardship, tax and wealth distribution policies, trade agreements. With a third author named Jay Ogilvy, they published a book in the early 1980s called Seven Tomorrows that sketched out seven distinct scenarios for the next two decades. In the introduction, they explained their approach: “Among the many methods for probing the future—from elaborate computer models to simple extrapolations of history—we chose the scenario method because it allows for the inclusion of realism and imagination, comprehensiveness and uncertainty, and, most of all, because the scenario method permits a genuine plurality of options.” What differentiated the scenario-planning approach from most flavors of futurism was its unwillingness to fixate on a single forecast. By forcing themselves to imagine alternatives, scenario planners avoided the trap of Tetlock’s hedgehogs, settled in their one big idea. Like Schelling’s war games, the scenario plan was a tool to help you think of something you would never otherwise think of.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
|
||||
* Federalist (Barnes & Noble Classics) - Alexander Hamilton
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Alexander Hamilton/Federalist (Barnes & Noble Classics) (2763)/Federalist (Barnes & Noble Classics) - Alexander Hamilton.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Unity is what makes the United States great
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (11 . 3061)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
With equal pleasure I have as often taken notice, that Providence has been pleased to give this
|
||||
one connected country, to one united people; a people descended from the same ancestors,
|
||||
speaking the same language, professing the same religion, attached to the same principles of
|
||||
government, very similar in their manners and customs, and who, by their joint counsels, arms
|
||||
and efforts, fighting side by side throughout a long and bloody war, have nobly established their
|
||||
general liberty and independence.
|
||||
This country and this people seem to have been made for each other, and it appears as if it was
|
||||
the design of Providence, that an inheritance so proper and convenient for a band of brethren,
|
||||
united to each other by the strongest ties, should never be split into a number of unsocial, jealous
|
||||
and alien sovereignties.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** How militaries came to rule over people
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 8368)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The army under such circumstances, though it may usefully aid the magistrate to suppress a
|
||||
small faction, or an occasional mob, or insurrection, will be utterly incompetent to the purpose
|
||||
of enforcing encroachments against the united efforts of the great body of the people.
|
||||
But in a country, where the perpetual menacings of danger oblige the government to be always
|
||||
prepared to repel it, her armies must be numerous enough for instant defence. The continual
|
||||
necessity for his services enhances the importance of the soldier, and proportionably degrades
|
||||
the condition of the citizen. The military state becomes elevated above the civil. The inhabitants
|
||||
of territories often the theatre of war, are unavoidably subjected to frequent infringements on
|
||||
their rights, which serve to weaken their sense of those rights; and by degrees, the people are
|
||||
brought to consider the soldiery not only as their protectors, but as their superiors. The transition
|
||||
from this disposition to that of considering them as masters, is neither remote nor difficult: but it
|
||||
is very difficult to prevail upon a people under such impressions, to make a bold, or effectual
|
||||
resistance, to usurpations supported by the military power.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** The difference between a republic and a democracy and the benefits and shortcomings to each
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (19 . 6929)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
No man is allowed to be a judge in his own cause; because his interest would certainly bias his
|
||||
judgment, and, not improbably, corrupt his integrity. With equal, nay, with greater reason, a
|
||||
body of men are unfit to be both judges and parties, at the same time; yet, what are many of the
|
||||
most important acts of legislation, but so many judicial determinations, not indeed concerning
|
||||
the rights of single persons, but concerning the rights of large bodies of citizens? and what are
|
||||
the different classes of legislators, but advocates and parties to the causes which they determine?
|
||||
Is a law proposed concerning private debts? It is a question to which the creditors are parties on
|
||||
one side, and the debtors on the other. Justice ought to hold the balance between them. Yet the
|
||||
parties are, and must be, themselves the judges; and the most numerous party, or, in other
|
||||
words, the most powerful faction, must be expected to prevail. Shall domestic manufactures be
|
||||
encouraged, and in what degree, by restrictions on foreign manufactures? are questions which
|
||||
would be differently decided by the landed and the manufacturing classes; and probably by
|
||||
neither with a sole regard to justice and the public good. The apportionment of taxes, on the
|
||||
various descriptions of property, is an act which seems to require the most exact impartiality ;
|
||||
yet there is, perhaps, no legislative act in which greater opportunity and temptation are given to
|
||||
a predominant party, to trample on the rules of justice. Every shilling with which they
|
||||
over-burden the inferior number, is a shilling saved to their own pockets.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** This has foreseen the American civil war on lines of slavery. For an African Federation, Federalist 16 here is relevant for Islamic law, on which Egypt is likely to be on the wrong side. Therefore, for a federation coming out of Egypt, the delay of this conflict until a large and industrial part of Afirca has joined the union is good for the cause of secularism
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (25 . 3573)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
It remains to inquire how far so odious an engine of government, in its application to us, would
|
||||
even be capable of answering its end. If there should not be a large army, constantly at the
|
||||
disposal of the national government, it would either not be able to employ force at all, or when
|
||||
this could be done, it would amount to a war between different parts of the confederacy,
|
||||
concerning the infractions of a league; in which the strongest combination would be most likely
|
||||
to prevail, whether it consisted of those who supported, or of those who resisted, the general
|
||||
authority. It would rarely happen that the delinquency to be redressed would be confined to a
|
||||
single member, and if there were more than one, who had neglected their duty, similarity of
|
||||
situation would induce them to unite for common defence. Independent of this motive of
|
||||
sympathy, if a large and influential state should happen to be the aggressing member, it would
|
||||
commonly have weight enough with its neighbours, to win over some of them as associates to its
|
||||
cause. Specious arguments of danger to the general liberty could easily be contrived; plausible
|
||||
excuses for the deficiencies of the party, could, without difficulty, be invented, to alarm the
|
||||
apprehensions, inflame the passions, and conciliate the good will even of those states which
|
||||
were not chargeable with any violation, or omission of duty. This would be the more likely to
|
||||
take place, as the delinquencies of the larger members might be expected sometimes to proceed
|
||||
from an ambitious premeditation in their rulers, with a view to getting rid of all external control
|
||||
upon their designs of personal aggrandizement; the better to effect which, it is presumable they
|
||||
would tamper beforehand with leading individuals in the adjacent states. If associates could not
|
||||
be found at home, recourse would be had to the aid of foreign powers, who would seldom be
|
||||
disinclined to encouraging the dissensions of a confederacy, from the firm union of which they
|
||||
had so much to fear. When the sword is once drawn, the passions of men observe no bounds of
|
||||
moderation. The suggestions of wounded pride, the instigations of irritated resentment, would
|
||||
be apt to carry the states, against which the arms of the union were exerted, to any extremes
|
||||
necessary to avenge the affront, or to avoid the disgrace of submission. The first war of this kind
|
||||
would probably terminate in a dissolution of the union.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** The most critical moment for the future of Europe turns out to be the three-way partition of Charlemagne's domain after his death. Had he managed a better move to federalism, the future of Europe and the world would have been utterly different
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (28 . 2210)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
]]#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
In the early ages of christianity, Germany was occupied by seven distinct nations, who had no
|
||||
common chief. The Franks, one of the number, having conquered the Gauls, established the
|
||||
kingdom which has taken its name from them. In the ninth century, Charlemagne, its warlike
|
||||
monarch, carried his victorious arms in every direction; and Germany became a part of his vast
|
||||
dominions. On the dismemberment, which took place under his sons, this part was erected into
|
||||
a separate and independent empire. Charlemagne and his immediate descendants possessed the
|
||||
reality, as well as the ensigns and dignity of imperial power. But the principal vassals, whose
|
||||
fiefs had become hereditary, and who composed the national diets, which Charlemagne had not
|
||||
abolished, gradually threw off the yoke, and advanced to sovereign jurisdiction and
|
||||
independence. The force of imperial sovereignty was insufficient to restrain such powerful
|
||||
dependants; or to preserve the unity and tranquillity of the empire. The most furious private
|
||||
wars, accompanied with every species of calamity, were carried on between the different
|
||||
princes and states. The imperial authority, unable to maintain the public order, declined by
|
||||
degrees, till it was almost extinct in the anarchy, which agitated the long interval between the
|
||||
death of the last emperor of the Suabian, and the accession of the first emperor of the Austrian
|
||||
lines. In the eleventh century, the emperors enjoyed full sovereignty: in the fifteenth, they had
|
||||
little more than the symbols and decorations of power.
|
||||
Out of this feudal system, which has itself many of the important features of a confederacy, has
|
||||
grown the federal system, which constitutes the Germanic empire. Its powers are vested in a
|
||||
diet representing the component members of the confederacy; in the emperor who is the
|
||||
executive magistrate, with a negative on the decrees of the diet; and in the imperial chamber and
|
||||
aulic council, two judiciary tribunals having supreme jurisdiction in controversies which concern
|
||||
the empire, or which happen among its members.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** This is starting to make sense. Standing armies are a danger to liberty. Regulated militias susceptible to the control of the national government are an altrenative to national defense. The national government control the militia with government commissioned officers. Non-comissioned officers run the militia followin the orders of the commissioned officeres and otherwise
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (38 . 2316)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Of the different grounds which have been taken in opposition to this plan, there is none that
|
||||
was so little to have been expected, or is so untenable in itself, as the one from which this
|
||||
particular provision has been attacked. If a well regulated militia be the most natural defence of
|
||||
a free country, it ought certainly to be under the regulation, and at the disposal of that body,
|
||||
which is constituted the guardian of the national security. If standing armies are dangerous to
|
||||
liberty, an efficacious power over the militia, in the same body, ought, as far as possible, to take
|
||||
away the inducement and the pretext, to such unfriendly institutions. If the federal government
|
||||
can command the aid of the militia in those emergencies, which call for the military arm in
|
||||
support of the civil magistrate, it can the better dispense with the employment of a different kind
|
||||
of force. If it cannot avail itself of the former, it will be obliged to recur to the latter. To render an
|
||||
army unnecessary, will be a more certain method of preventing its existence, than a thousand
|
||||
prohibitions upon paper.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** With the posse comitatus in place, there can, and should, be a legal separation between the regulation of the militia and the emergency power of conscription. Militia training and upkeep is normal. Conscription in war or to face disruption is exceptional.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (38 . 3543)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
In order to cast an odium upon the power of calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the
|
||||
union, it has been remarked, that there is no where any provision in the proposed constitution
|
||||
for requiring the aid of the POSSE COMITATUS, to assist the magistrate in the execution of his
|
||||
duty; whence it has been inferred, that military force was intended to be his only auxiliary.
|
||||
There is a striking incoherence in the objections which have appeared, and sometimes even from
|
||||
the same quarter, not much calculated to inspire a very favourable opinion of the sincerity or
|
||||
fair dealing of their authors. The same persons who tell us in one breath, that the powers of the
|
||||
federal government will be despotic and unlimited, inform us in the next, that it has not
|
||||
authority sufficient even to call out the POSSE COMITATUS. The latter, fortunately, is as much
|
||||
short of the truth, as the former exceeds it. It would be as absurd to doubt, that a right to pass
|
||||
all laws necessary and proper to execute its declared powers, would include that of requiring the
|
||||
assistance of the citizens to the officers who may be intrusted with the execution of those laws;
|
||||
as it would be to believe, that a right to enact laws necessary and proper for the imposition and
|
||||
collection of taxes, would involve that of varying the rules of descent, and of the alienation of
|
||||
landed property, or of abolishing the trial by jury in cases relating to it. It being therefore
|
||||
evident, that the supposition of a want of power to require the aid of the POSSE COMITATUS is
|
||||
entirely destitute of colour, it will follow, that the conclusion which has been drawn from it, in
|
||||
its application to the authority of the federal government over the militia, is as uncandid, as it is
|
||||
illogical. What reason could there be to infer, that force was intended to be the sole instrument
|
||||
of authority, merely because there is a power to make use of it when necessary? What shall we
|
||||
think of the motives which could induce men of sense to reason in this extraordinary manner?
|
||||
How shall we prevent a conflict between charity and conviction?
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
|
||||
* Fooled by Randomness_ The Hidden Role of C - Nassim Nicholas Taleb
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Nassim Nicholas Taleb/Fooled by Randomness_ The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets (7792)/Fooled by Randomness_ The Hidden Role of C - Nassim Nicholas Taleb.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Resilience not efficiency
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 1465)
|
||||
:ID: fcc81ba8-2b6a-406c-8c32-eb0d274d6810
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
“Survival of the fittest,” a term so hackneyed in the investment media, does not seem to be properly understood: Under regime switching, as we will see in Chapter 5, it will be unclear who is actually the fittest, and those who will survive are not necessarily those who appear to be the fittest. Curiously, it will be the oldest, simply because older people have been exposed longer to the rare event and can be, convincingly, more resistant to it. I was amused to discover a similar evolutionary argument in mate selection that considers that women prefer (on balance) to mate with healthy older men over healthy younger ones, everything else being equal, as the former provide some evidence of better genes. Gray hair signals an enhanced ability to survive—conditional on having reached the gray hair stage, a man is likely to be more resistant to the vagaries of life. Curiously, life insurers in renaissance Italy reached the same conclusion, by charging the same insurance for a man in his twenties as they did for a man in his fifties, a sign that they had the same life expectancy; once a man crossed the forty-year mark, he had shown that very few ailments could harm him. We now proceed to a mathematical rephrasing of these arguments.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (13 . 50441)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 50441)
|
||||
:ID: 84c93921-60e5-48bd-847a-8aaca21134d3
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
What economists did not understand for a long time about positive and negative kicks is that both their biology and their intensity are different. Consider that they are mediated in different parts of the brain—and that the degree of rationality in decisions made subsequent to a gain is extremely different from the one after a loss.
|
||||
|
||||
Note also that the implication that wealth does not count so much into one’s well-being as the route one uses to get to it.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Is he talking here about LLMs?
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (14 . 3830)
|
||||
:ID: 90925a28-1664-49a4-919a-708ab6663555
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Randomness can be of considerable help with the matter. For there is another, far more entertaining way to make the distinction between the babbler and the thinker. You can sometimes replicate something that can be mistaken for a literary discourse with a Monte Carlo generator but it is not possible randomly to construct a scientific one. Rhetoric can be constructed randomly, but not genuine scientific knowledge. This is the application of Turing’s test of artificial intelligence, except in reverse. What is the Turing test? The brilliant British mathematician, eccentric, and computer pioneer Alan Turing came up with the following test: A computer can be said to be intelligent if it can (on average) fool a human into mistaking it for another human. The converse should be true. A human can be said to be unintelligent if we can replicate his speech by a computer, which we know is unintelligent, and fool a human into believing that it was written by a human. Can one produce a piece of work that can be largely mistaken for Derrida entirely randomly?
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (14 . 9677)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (14 . 9677)
|
||||
:ID: e7139a71-62a5-455d-be29-e9decdd13d19
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
There are instances where I like to be fooled by randomness. My allergy to nonsense and verbiage dissipates when it comes to art and poetry. On the one hand, I try to define myself and behave officially as a no-nonsense hyperrealist ferreting out the role of chance; on the other, I have no qualms indulging in all manner of personal superstitions. Where do I draw the line? The answer is aesthetics. Some aesthetic forms appeal to something in our biology, whether or not they originate in random associations or plain hallucination. Something in our human genes is deeply moved by the fuzziness and ambiguity of language; then why fight it?
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (17 . 21810)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 21810)
|
||||
:ID: 04aab90f-c673-48b6-9318-8e31429bd4c6
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
More practically to me, Popper had many problems with statistics and statisticians. He refused to blindly accept the notion that knowledge can always increase with incremental information—which is the foundation of statistical inference. It may in some instances, but we do not know which ones. Many insightful people, such as John Maynard Keynes, independently reached the same conclusions. Sir Karl’s detractors believe that favorably repeating the same experiment again and again should lead to an increased comfort with the notion that “it works.” I came to understand Popper’s position better once I saw the first rare event ravaging a trading room. Sir Karl feared that some type of knowledge did not increase with information—but which type we could not ascertain. The reason I feel that he is important for us traders is because to him the matter of knowledge and discovery is not so much in dealing with what we know as in dealing with what we do not know. His famous quote:
|
||||
|
||||
These are men with bold ideas, but highly critical of their own ideas; they try to find whether their ideas are right by trying first to find whether they are not perhaps wrong. They work with bold conjectures and severe attempts at refuting their own conjectures.
|
||||
|
||||
“These” are scientists. But they could be anything.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** The irony of Taleb saying Popper was a terrible listener
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 25369)
|
||||
:ID: 8ac58ff0-2de5-49a6-8065-2a267d5a4eb5
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
He was not much better in his youth. Members of the Vienna Circle tried to avoid him, not because of his divergent ideas but because he was a social problem. “He was brilliant, but self-focused, both insecure and arrogant, irascible and self-righteous. He was a terrible listener and bent on winning arguments at all costs. He had no understanding of group dynamics and no ability to negotiate them.”
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Might be something here
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 28678)
|
||||
:ID: 6ba377fc-1812-4ab6-b549-70f80611e868
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Finally, I have to confess that upon finishing my writing of Part I, that writing about the genius of Solon’s insight has carried an extreme effect on both my thinking and my private life. The composition of Part I made me even more confident in my withdrawal from the media and my distancing myself from other members of the business community, mostly other investors and traders for whom I am developing more and more contempt. I believe that I cannot have power over myself as I have an ingrained desire to integrate among people and cultures and would end up resembling them; by withdrawing myself entirely I can have a better control of my fate. I am currently enjoying a thrill of the classics I have not felt since childhood. I am now thinking of the next step: to recreate a low-information, more deterministic ancient time, say in the nineteenth century, all the while benefiting from some of the technical gains (such as the Monte Carlo engine), all of the medical breakthroughs, and all the gains of social justice of our age. I would then have the best of everything. This is called evolution.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
||||
* Good Strategy_Bad Strategy_ The Difference - Richard P. Rumelt
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Richard P. Rumelt/Good Strategy_Bad Strategy_ The Difference and Why It Matters (12140)/Good Strategy_Bad Strategy_ The Difference - Richard P. Rumelt.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Strategy is centralization
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 35763)
|
||||
:ID: d94fa45e-cd76-4dab-976d-76f421e9a8b6
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Strategy is visible as coordinated action imposed on a system. When I say strategy is “imposed,” I mean just that. It is an exercise in centralized power, used to overcome the natural workings of a system. This coordination is unnatural in the sense that it would not occur without the hand of strategy.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
|
||||
* Guns, Germs, and Steel_ The Fates of Human - Jared M. Diamond
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Jared M. Diamond/Guns, Germs, and Steel_ The Fates of Human Societies (1728)/Guns, Germs, and Steel_ The Fates of Human - Jared M. Diamond.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Another example of curse of resources
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (16 . 20082)
|
||||
:ID: 3f64f6e6-ebe3-4c99-87bd-5b5efa70ba26
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Taken together, these four factors help us understand why the transition to food production in the Fertile Crescent began around 8500 B.C., not around 18,500 or 28,500 B.C. At the latter two dates hunting-gathering was still much more rewarding than incipient food production, because wild mammals were still abundant; wild cereals were not yet abundant; people had not yet developed the inventions necessary for collecting, processing, and storing cereals efficiently; and human population densities were not yet high enough for a large premium to be placed on extracting more calories per acre.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** The need for sedentary life changes once carrying your resources becomes viable again. This is posssible initially on seasteads, at least in partial form, then entirely in space. Once again, the first true cities will be in space, but these will be nomadic cities.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (24 . 53559)
|
||||
:ID: 4e6797c7-6b86-42ca-98b1-32d158b55ba4
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Sedentary living was decisive for the history of technology, because it enabled people to accumulate nonportable possessions. Nomadic hunter- gatherers are limited to technology that can be carried. If you move often and lack vehicles or draft animals, you confine your possessions to babies, weapons, and a bare minimum of other absolute necessities small enough to carry. You can’t be burdened with pottery and printing presses as you shift camp. That practical difficulty probably explains the tantalizingly early appearance of some technologies, followed by a long delay in their further development.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Telecommunication reduces the need for a physically dense and complex societies. Automation destroys this even more.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (25 . 48204)
|
||||
:ID: 52e86437-278f-4539-bf64-b06ca208518f
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
These correlations suggest strongly that regional population size or population density or population pressure has something to do with the formation of complex societies. But the correlations do not tell us precisely how population variables function in a chain of cause and effect whose outcome is a complex society. To trace out that chain, let us now remind ourselves how large dense populations themselves arise. Then we can examine why a large but simple society could not maintain itself. With that as background, we shall finally return to the question of how a simpler society actually becomes more complex as the regional population increases.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
||||
* How to Hide an Empire_ A History of the Gr - Daniel Immerwahr
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Daniel Immerwahr/How to Hide an Empire_ A History of the Greater United States (12123)/How to Hide an Empire_ A History of the Gr - Daniel Immerwahr.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** This trilemma makes a good model on which to build a new expansionist policy for America, after the white superimacy issue has been solved by demography.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 20175)
|
||||
:ID: 4ca311db-c080-479c-9f4c-70739b4b9da3
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
This was, not surprisingly, a controversial matter. During the war, during the congressional debates over the treaty with Spain, and during the heated election of 1900, the question of empire was argued at high volume.
|
||||
|
||||
In essence, it was an argument about a trilemma. Republicanism, white supremacy, and overseas expansion—the country could have at most two. In the past, republicanism and white supremacy had been jointly maintained by carefully shaping the country’s borders. But absorbing populous nonwhite colonies would wreck all that.
|
||||
|
||||
The opponents of empire gathered behind William Jennings Bryan, who had run against McKinley in 1896 and did so again in 1900. Bryan delighted in exposing the contradictions between republicanism and empire. The inalienable rights of man and the injustice of taxation without representation—these were bedrock political values. But imagine, Bryan warned, what would happen if the United States took colonies. Anyone setting forth to speak about republican virtues—say, at a Fourth of July celebration—would be urged to keep silent “lest his utterances excite rebellion among distant subjects.”
|
||||
|
||||
It was a compelling argument, and Bryan commanded a large and motley coalition of anti-imperialists. It included such African Americans as W.E.B. Du Bois and hard-line white supremacists such as Senator “Pitchfork” Ben Tillman of South Carolina. Businessmen (Andrew Carnegie, who offered to buy the Philippines for $20 million so he could set it free) and labor leaders (Samuel Gompers, president of the AFL) joined the cause. So did the presidents of Harvard, Cornell, Stanford, Michigan, and Northwestern.
|
||||
|
||||
But empire, once seized, was hard to drop. Roosevelt wanted it, and behind him stood the bulk of the Republican political establishment. For many, it was a matter of more than just the economic benefits that Alfred Thayer Mahan had promised. As they saw it, overseas colonization was the next phase of Manifest Destiny, the next outlet for the Daniel Boones of the country. “God has given us this Pacific empire for civilization,” said Senator Albert Beveridge. “A hundred wildernesses are to be subdued. Unpenetrated regions must be explored. Unviolated valleys must be tilled. Unmastered forests must be felled.”
|
||||
|
||||
The imperialists offered a different solution to the trilemma. They were willing to sacrifice republicanism, at least as applied to so-called backward races. Roosevelt scorned those “who cant about ‘liberty’ and the ‘consent of the governed,’ in order to excuse themselves for their unwillingness to play the part of men.” He continued: “Their doctrines, if carried out, would make it incumbent upon us to leave the Apaches of Arizona to work out their own salvation, and to decline to interfere in a single Indian reservation. Their doctrines condemn your forefathers and mine for ever having settled in these United States.”
|
||||
|
||||
There was, of course, a third option: jettison white supremacy. The overseas territories could be treated as embryonic states and their inhabitants as full citizens. This solution commanded a great deal of enthusiasm within the territories themselves, where political parties in Puerto Rico and the Philippines inserted demands for statehood into their platforms. With the western continental territories in mind, they imagined their countries, in time, entering the union as equals.
|
||||
|
||||
Yet mainland support for this was scant. When the prospect of statehood came up, it did so mainly as a scare tactic—a way for anti-imperialists to underscore the horrors resulting from annexing these places.
|
||||
|
||||
At any rate, colonized subjects had little chance to press their case. What is remarkable, in fact, about the mainland debates over empire is how utterly absent Filipinos, Puerto Ricans, Hawaiians, and other inhabitants of the territories were from them. Most mainlanders had never even seen a Filipino, a Puerto Rican, or a Hawaiian.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Fascinating. The white supremacist side of the argument clearly laid out, and with a hypothetical case of US colonizing Egypt too!
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 27044)
|
||||
:ID: 99463bba-09d2-4a9c-931b-e164a77c64d3
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The Filipinos made it to Omaha (though the secretary of war had to personally promise that they would return home after the fair). There, they made an impression. “They are stylish dressers,” wrote the Omaha Bee, resembling less a “race of savages” than “a lot of dudes” with their canes, derby hats, and white trousers. Fairgoers expecting the Filipino band to offer exotic folk music were surprised when it struck up a lively rendition of “There’ll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight,” the theme song for Roosevelt’s Rough Riders. Culturally, the fair’s Filipinos seemed to embrace their new nationality.
|
||||
|
||||
Legally, however, things remained unresolved. The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to anyone born in the United States. Did that include the territories?
|
||||
|
||||
The 1898–1900 annexations had already raised the question of what the United States was, in language and on maps. Now it was coming up in law. And it made its way to the Supreme Court, via a series of connected cases, in 1901.
|
||||
|
||||
Weighty legal questions often turn around trivial disputes. Certainly the cases that carried this question up to the Supreme Court seemed piddling: whether an importer shipping oranges from Puerto Rico to New York had to pay a tariff, or whether a soldier returning from the Philippines owed taxes on the diamond rings he’d acquired there. But under them lay a deeper question. The Constitution prohibits taxing commerce between parts of the United States. Did that rule cover the overseas territories, too? In other words, were they part of the country?
|
||||
|
||||
The government, which had collected the tariffs, sought to defend its actions. It argued that the term the United States was ambiguous. The name could refer to all the area under U.S. jurisdiction, but it could also refer, in a narrower sense, to the union of states. The Constitution’s references to “the United States,” the argument continued, were meant in that narrow sense, to refer to the states alone. Territories thus had no right to constitutional protections, for the simple reason that the Constitution didn’t apply to them. As one justice summarized the logic, the Constitution was “the supreme law of the land,” but the territories were “not part of the ‘land.’”
|
||||
|
||||
This might have come as a surprise to residents of the western territories, who had assumed that they had the same constitutional protections as their compatriots in the states. But, the attorney general maintained, that was a polite fiction with little basis in law. Mincing few words, he reminded the justices that Congress could impose laws on the territories “without asking the consent of the inhabitants, even against their consent and against their protest, as it has frequently done.” He brought up Congress’s dismantling of Indian Country, and he noted that Alaskans had “no right to elect a single officer, or to form a city, or to establish a political system or anything whatever for their own protection.” The overseas territories—which he referred to openly as “colonies”—were no different. The Filipinos in San Francisco Bay had it wrong; they were subjects, not citizens.
|
||||
|
||||
This was precisely the sort of talk that raised anti-imperialists’ hackles, but the attorney general plowed on. “To be called an American subject is no disgrace,” he consoled. Moreover, he continued, the government needed the ability to rule its possessions as colonies. This was the age of empire. What if the United States were to annex Egypt, Sudan, part of Central Africa, or “a section of the Chinese Empire”? Would it be forced to apply the Constitution to those places, too? “A great world power, extending its domain from the frozen seas on the North to where the encircling palm trees grow in the Pacific islands, must not be bound by rules too strict or too confining.”
|
||||
|
||||
The argument prevailed. The court affirmed that “the Constitution deals with states” and that territorial rights were at Congress’s discretion. Congress could, if it wished, “incorporate” territories into the union and bring them under the protection of the Constitution, as the court judged that it had in the case of the western territories. Some years later, the court also concluded that Alaska and Hawai‘i, the territories beyond the mainland that seemed the most conducive to white settlement, had also been “incorporated.” But the point was that incorporation was not automatic, and the court repeatedly denied that Congress had ever incorporated the former Spanish colonies.
|
||||
|
||||
Invoking the notion that there were different “senses” of “the United States,” a concurring justice articulated the reasoning in a notoriously convoluted phrase. Puerto Rico was “foreign to the United States in a domestic sense,” he explained, “because the island had not been incorporated into the United States, but was merely appurtenant thereto as a possession.”
|
||||
|
||||
Lawyers with long memories would have recognized in that unusual word, appurtenant, a reference to the Navassa Island case of more than a decade before. There, the defense had argued that although the guano islands were “appertaining to the United States,” they weren’t part of it, and thus weren’t subject to U.S. law. The Supreme Court had disagreed. But whereas the Navassa case had affirmed the government’s power to apply federal laws in its territories, the new rulings denied territorial inhabitants the right to federal protections.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Sa'ad Zaghloul sucking up to racist Woodrow Wilson
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (15 . 24451)
|
||||
:ID: fafafc15-96df-4d36-82c5-654caaa1116b
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Getting to Paris, and getting to Wilson, became the chief goal of nationalists everywhere. The Indian National Congress voted to send Gandhi to present its demands. Egyptian nationalists sought to send Sa‘d Zaghlul, a leading reformer. Zaghlul began taking English lessons in the hope of meeting Wilson. “No people more than the Egyptian people,” he wrote to Wilson, “has felt strongly the joyous emotion of the birth of a new era which, thanks to your virile action, is soon going to impose itself upon the universe.” Zaghlul’s supporters organized a new political party around the goal of getting him to Paris. They called it the Wafd, which means “delegation” in Arabic.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Even in 1942, Egypt's problem was infrastructure
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (22 . 5100)
|
||||
:ID: e7842b79-7d87-4f5e-a7ea-39246c621df0
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
It made a certain sense that the United States would fight the war by managing the back end of things, for it had the world’s largest industrial economy and its factories were far from the fighting. By 1940, nearly every independent nation outside Axis orbits had sought to acquire munitions from the United States.
|
||||
|
||||
The Roosevelt administration was only too happy to oblige, via an evolving set of schemes designed to circumvent neutrality laws and conserve the Allies’ dwindling dollar reserves. First, there were direct purchases. Then “cash and carry,” “destroyers for bases,” and finally “lend-lease.” Well before the United States declared war, it was sending planes, engines, tanks, and other war goods to the fronts.
|
||||
|
||||
That stream of stuff mattered. By early 1941, Britain’s Asian empire hung by a thread. Axis forces had largely captured the Mediterranean, and Erwin Rommel’s Afrika Korps had knocked the British back on their heels in Egypt. If Britain lost the Middle East, it would lose everything: Iraq’s oil fields, stockpiles of war matériel in Egypt, and the Suez Canal, which connected the British Isles to India, Australia, New Zealand, Malaya, Burma, and Singapore. British officials warned Washington of the complete “disintegration of the British commonwealth.”
|
||||
|
||||
It was easy enough for the United States to supply tanks and planes. The hard part was getting them to the front lines—Detroit to Cairo was a long haul. The tanks could be disassembled and shipped by sea around the southern tip of Africa, but that meant unloading them at Cairo’s primitive ports, which had no warehouses, no assembly plants, few railways, light roads, and a dire shortage of mechanics.
|
||||
|
||||
“The condition of Egyptian ports” isn’t a subject that would have interested many in Washington in 1935. But now it did. The United States launched a massive Middle Eastern infrastructure campaign. Up went new piers with cranes to unload tanks, assembly plants to put them together, railways and hard roads to carry them to the front, and repair shops to keep them running. By June 1942, the depot near Cairo had a large airport, housing for nearly ten thousand men, a thousand-bed hospital, warehouses, and enough spare parts, tools, and skilled mechanics to keep the whole operation functioning.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s what it took to get tanks to the Middle East. To bring planes and smaller goods, the United States blazed a different trail: an aerial highway of bases dipping down from Miami to Brazil, cutting over to West Africa, and hopping across the Sahara to Cairo. This, too, required serious infrastructural investment. Swamps had to be drained, jungles cleared, rock blasted, and sandstorms fought.
|
||||
|
||||
And they were. Buoyed by much-needed U.S. supplies, the British Eighth Army struck back at the Battle of El Alamein in October 1942, pouring fire into Rommel’s position. “I have seen many enemy barrages,” recorded one terrified driver behind German lines, “but the intensity of this one is beyond our experience.” Just as the British pushed Rommel out of Egypt into Tunisia, three mighty fleets collectively containing seven hundred ships landed on African shores with the necessaries to expel the Axis from Africa entirely within six months.
|
||||
|
||||
Britain’s lifeline to its empire was saved. “It marked in fact the turning of the ‘Hinge of Fate,’” Churchill wrote. “It may almost be said, ‘Before Alamein we never had a victory. After Alamein, we never had a defeat.’”
|
||||
|
||||
The campaign also transformed the Middle East, converting it into what the secretary of state called a “tremendous supply base” for the Allies. Factories in Palestine made batteries, those in Iran made antifreeze, and canning plants in Egypt produced rations for the troops. The northern half of Africa, which had been a virtual terra incognita for the United States, hummed with U.S. bases, ports, assembly plants, barracks, and warehouses.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** As the author explaines below, there is a gradual weaning off resource economies. Following WWI, Haber-Bosch weaned the world of nitrates. Following WWII it was synthetics. Now it seems to be oil, first through the shale revolution in the US and later through fusion energy. Once energy abundance becocmes a reality, most mining will be sea water (not seabed) mining. Landlocked economies will stay poorer and less integrated. Eventually, the ultimate mines, factories and cities will be in space. Another extrapolation of this is increased resilience and autonomy on locality and household levels.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (25 . 4759)
|
||||
:ID: eac6a972-c214-4fdf-b26b-2a211cf6870b
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The empire-killing technologies ranged from skywave radio to screw threads, and they worked in different ways. But, collectively, they weaned the United States off colonies. In so doing, they also helped to create the world we know today, where powerful countries project their influence through globalization rather than colonization.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** TODO Fantastic stuff. I need to look for sources on this.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (25 . 32845)
|
||||
:ID: 33904eef-ceba-4e3b-a4f8-53f337f2e6e3
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
It is fitting, then, that oil is the one raw material that has most reliably tempted politicians back into the old logic of empire. When faced with an Arab oil embargo, Henry Kissinger suggested that the United States may have to take some oil fields. Im not saying we have to take over Saudi Arabia, the secretary of state continued. How about Abu Dhabi, or Libya? It is hard to imagine Kissinger embarking on such unbounded flights of imperialist reverie on behalf of rubber, tin, or any other former colonial commodity.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
|
||||
* How to Take Smart Notes_ One Simple Techni - Sonke Ahrens
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Sonke Ahrens/How to Take Smart Notes_ One Simple Technique to Boost Writing, Learning and Thinking (12116)/How to Take Smart Notes_ One Simple Techni - Sonke Ahrens.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
|
||||
* Lifespan_ Why We Age--and Why We Don't Hav - David A. Sinclair
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/David A. Sinclair/Lifespan_ Why We Age--and Why We Don't Have To (6020)/Lifespan_ Why We Age--and Why We Don't Hav - David A. Sinclair.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Notes for page (16 . 21754)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (16 . 21754)
|
||||
:ID: 0c00e840-6ee7-4639-8c78-a5b3b255cc9a
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
All of this means we’re on the way to a fundamental shift in the way we search for, diagnose, and treat disease. Our flawed, symptom-first approach to medicine is about to change. We’re going to get ahead of symptoms. Way ahead. We’re even going to get ahead of “feeling bad.” Many diseases, after all, are genetically detectable long before they are symptomatic. In the very near future, proactive personal DNA scanning is going to be as routine as brushing our teeth. Doctors will find themselves saying the words “I just wish we’d caught this earlier” less and less—and eventually not at all.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
|
||||
** Notes for page (20 . 21317)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (20 . 21317)
|
||||
:ID: dd0494f4-90fd-469b-9f26-8ed52bb57b36
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
WHAT I DO
|
||||
|
||||
Save for “Eat fewer calories,” “Don’t sweat the small stuff,” and “Exercise,” I don’t give medical advice. I’m a researcher, not a medical doctor; it’s not my place to tell anyone what to do, and I don’t endorse supplements or other products.
|
||||
|
||||
I don’t mind sharing what I do, though, albeit with some caveats:
|
||||
|
||||
• This isn’t necessarily, or even likely, what you should do.
|
||||
|
||||
• I have no idea if this is even the right thing for me to be doing.
|
||||
|
||||
• While human trials are under way, there are no treatments or therapies for aging that have been through the sort of rigorous long-term clinical testing that would be needed to have a more complete understanding of the wide range of potential outcomes.
|
||||
|
||||
People often wonder, when I tell them things like this, why on earth I would subject myself to the potential for unexpected and adverse side effects or even the possibility—low though it seems to be—that I could expedite my own demise.
|
||||
|
||||
The answer is simple: I know exactly what is going to happen to me if I don’t do anything at all—and it’s not pretty. So what do I have to lose?
|
||||
|
||||
And so, with all that on the table, what do I do?
|
||||
|
||||
• I take 1 gram (1,000 mg) of NMN every morning, along with 1 gram of resveratrol (shaken into my homemade yogurt) and 1 gram of metformin.7
|
||||
|
||||
• I take a daily dose of vitamin D, vitamin K2, and 83 mg of aspirin.
|
||||
|
||||
• I strive to keep my sugar, bread, and pasta intake as low as possible. I gave up desserts at age 40, though I do steal tastes.
|
||||
|
||||
• I try to skip one meal a day or at least make it really small. My busy schedule almost always means that I miss lunch most days of the week.
|
||||
|
||||
• Every few months, a phlebotomist comes to my home to draw my blood, which I have analyzed for dozens of biomarkers. When my levels of various markers are not optimal, I moderate them with food or exercise.
|
||||
|
||||
• I try to take a lot of steps each day and walk upstairs, and I go to the gym most weekends with my son, Ben; we lift weights, jog a bit, and hang out in the sauna before dunking in an ice-cold pool.
|
||||
|
||||
• I eat a lot of plants and try to avoid eating other mammals, even though they do taste good. If I work out, I will eat meat.
|
||||
|
||||
• I don’t smoke. I try to avoid microwaved plastic, excessive UV exposure, X-rays, and CT scans.
|
||||
|
||||
• I try to stay on the cool side during the day and when I sleep at night.
|
||||
|
||||
• I aim to keep my body weight or BMI in the optimal range for healthspan, which for me is 23 to 25.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
|
||||
13
6_areas/books/Principles_ Life and Work - Ray Dalio.org
Normal file
13
6_areas/books/Principles_ Life and Work - Ray Dalio.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
||||
* Principles_ Life and Work - Ray Dalio
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Ray Dalio/Principles_ Life and Work (1608)/Principles_ Life and Work - Ray Dalio.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Turns out that 42 was really the year of the answer. I am listening to Ray Dali's Principles. Pain is a sign of evolution. 42 was the year of maximum pain. I am seeing this now as I am on the cusp of a breakthrough in autonomy.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (22 . 14561)
|
||||
:ID: 2fa878f3-28ce-4fd6-852d-d05b2a291b45
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Every time you confront something painful, you are at a potentially important juncture in your life—you have the opportunity to choose healthy and painful truth or unhealthy but comfortable delusion. The irony is that if you choose the healthy route, the pain will soon turn into pleasure. The pain is the signal! Like switching from not exercising to exercising, developing the habit of embracing the pain and learning from it will “get you to the other side.”
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
|
||||
* Range_ Why Generalists Triumph in a Specia - David Epstein
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/David Epstein/Range_ Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World (2005)/Range_ Why Generalists Triumph in a Specia - David Epstein.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** A generalist would understand, beyond conceptually, what the expert is doing, but is not able to do it himself. My main areas of expertise should be those you use at home, the greenhouse and the workshop. Beyond that, and if I ever delve into industry, I prefer to remain a producer.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 15872)
|
||||
:ID: 3c93e812-baec-40a9-a211-d5970ec07e71
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Yokoi was the first to admit it. “I don’t have any particular specialist skills,” he once said. “I have a sort of vague knowledge of everything.” He advised young employees not just to play with technology for its own sake, but to play with ideas. Do not be an engineer, he said, be a producer. “The producer knows that there’s such a thing as a semiconductor, but doesn’t need to know its inner workings. . . . That can be left to the experts.” He argued, “Everyone takes the approach of learning detailed, complex skills. If no one did this then there wouldn’t be people who shine as engineers. . . . Looking at me, from the engineer’s perspective, it’s like, ‘Look at this idiot,’ but once you’ve got a couple hit products under your belt, this word ‘idiot’ seems to slip away somewhere.”
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** This is the story of the Game and Watch and Gameboy. Yokoi specifically wanted to find new uses for cheap, old technologies. This fits in exactly with the manufacturing capabilities of a home workshop and smaller scale industries that cannot muster the capital to compete on the bleeding edge of technology.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 16822)
|
||||
:ID: 0f6b7833-8987-4290-b2ab-be51db566ae3
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
He spread his philosophy as his team grew, and asked everyone to consider alternate uses for old technology. He realized that he had been fortunate to come to a playing card company rather than an established electronic toymaker with entrenched solutions, so his ideas were not thwarted because of his technical limitations. As the company grew, he worried that young engineers would be too concerned about looking stupid to share ideas for novel uses of old technology, so he began intentionally blurting out crazy ideas at meetings to set the tone. “Once a young person starts saying things like, ‘Well, it’s not really my place to say . . .’ then it’s all over,” he said.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Organizations don't need as many specialists. This is going to increase even more as AI arrives
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 29820)
|
||||
:ID: c895fb5c-9304-4859-ae9f-0342f531d81a
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
He became so interested in classifying innovators that he wrote a computer algorithm to analyze ten million patents from the last century and learn to identify and classify different types of inventors. Specialist contributions skyrocketed around and after World War II, but more recently have declined. “Specialists specifically peaked about 1985,” Ouderkirk told me. “And then declined pretty dramatically, leveled off about 2007, and the most recent data show it’s declining again, which I’m trying to understand.” He is careful to say that he can’t pinpoint a cause of the current trend. His hypothesis is that organizations simply don’t need as many specialists. “As information becomes more broadly available, the need for somebody to just advance a field isn’t as critical because in effect they are available to everybody,” he said. He is suggesting that communication technology has limited the number of hyperspecialists required to work on a particular narrow problem, because their breakthroughs can be communicated quickly and widely to others—the Yokois of the world—who work on clever applications.
|
||||
|
||||
Communication technologies have certainly done that in other areas. In the early twentieth century, for example, the state of Iowa alone had more than a thousand opera houses, one for every fifteen hundred residents. They were theaters, not just music venues, and they provided full-time employment for hundreds of local acting troupes and thousands of actors. Fast forward to Netflix and Hulu. Every customer can have Meryl Streep on demand, and the Iowa opera houses are extinct. So much for thousands of fully employed stage actors in Iowa. Ouderkirk’s data suggest that something analogous happened for narrowly focused specialists in technical fields. They are still absolutely critical, it’s just that their work is widely accessible, so fewer suffice.
|
||||
|
||||
It is an extension of the trend that Don Swanson foretold, and it massively increased opportunities for Yokoi-like connectors and polymathic innovators. “When information became more widely disseminated,” Ouderkirk told me, “it became a lot easier to be broader than a specialist, to start combining things in new ways.”
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** TODO Get the Carter Race case study from Harvard Business School
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (19 . 11895)
|
||||
:ID: 60ab3bb2-9290-4cd1-bd52-1971c1846257
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The temperature and engine failure data are taken exactly from NASA’s tragic decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger, with the details placed in the context of racing rather than space exploration. Jake’s face goes blank. Rather than a broken gasket, Challenger had failed O-rings—the rubber strips that sealed joints along the outer wall of the missile-like rocket boosters that propelled the shuttle. Cool temperatures caused O-ring rubber to harden, making them less effective seals.
|
||||
|
||||
The characters in the case study are loosely based on managers and engineers at NASA and its rocket-booster contractor, Morton Thiokol, on an emergency conference call the night before the Challenger launch. Weather reports on January 27, 1986, predicted unusually cool Florida weather for launch. After the conference call, NASA and Thiokol gave the okay to proceed. On January 28, O-rings failed to properly seal a joint in the wall of a rocket booster. Burning gas shot right through the joint to the outside, and Challenger exploded seventy-three seconds into its mission. All seven crew members were killed.
|
||||
|
||||
The Carter Racing case study worked exquisitely. It was eerie how precisely the students filled the shoes of the engineers on the emergency conference call who gave the green light for launch. The professor unfurled the lesson masterfully.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (20 . 3607)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (20 . 3607)
|
||||
:ID: 7cddb6b9-9a11-4eee-8684-bbc00f5cfa4f
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
What struck me as Smithies spoke was his joy in experimentation. Not just in his lab, but in his life. He embodied a number of tenets I set out to explore in this book. From the outside, he looked like the consummate hyperspecialist. He was a molecular biochemist, after all. Except, molecular biochemist wasn’t really a thing when Smithies was in training. First he studied medicine, until he attended a talk by a professor who was combining chemistry and biology. “He lectured about this new subject which hadn’t yet been invented, in a sense,” Smithies told me. “It was marvelous, and I thought, ‘I’d like to do that. I’d better learn some chemistry.’” He turned on a dime and switched to studying chemistry. He never even thought to feel behind. On the contrary, “that was really very valuable, because at the end I had a good background in biology and wasn’t frightened of biology, and then I wasn’t frightened of chemistry. That gave me a great deal of power in the early days of molecular biology.” What sounds like hyperspecialization today was actually a bold hybrid at the time.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (20 . 10650)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (20 . 10650)
|
||||
:ID: 32f6a385-c99e-4645-9073-40c2c275c8f3
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
“ It is rather unusual, I have to say. I do not dig deep—I graze shallow. So ever since I was a postdoc, I would go into a different subject every five years or so. . . . I don’t want to carry on studying the same thing from cradle to grave. Sometimes I joke that I am not interested in doing re-search, only search.”
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
||||
* SPQR_ A History of Ancient Rome - Mary Beard
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Mary Beard/SPQR_ A History of Ancient Rome (13617)/SPQR_ A History of Ancient Rome - Mary Beard.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** A republic combines the best of democracy, aristocracy and monarchy
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 37326)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
At the heart of Polybius’ argument, however, lay bigger questions. How could you characterise
|
||||
the Roman political system as a whole? How did it work? There was never a written Roman
|
||||
constitution, but Polybius saw in Rome a perfect example in practice of an old Greek
|
||||
philosophical ideal: the ‘mixed constitution’, which combined the best aspects of monarchy,
|
||||
aristocracy and democracy. The consuls – who had full military command, could summon
|
||||
assemblies of the people and could give orders to all other officials (except the plebeian tribunes)
|
||||
– represented the monarchical element. The senate, which by this date had charge of Rome’s
|
||||
finances, responsibility for delegations to and from other cities and de facto oversight of law and
|
||||
security throughout Roman and allied territory, represented the aristocratic element. The people
|
||||
represented the democratic element. This was not democracy or ‘the people’ in the modern
|
||||
sense: there was no such thing as universal suffrage in the ancient world – women and slaves
|
||||
never had formal political rights anywhere. Polybius meant the group of male citizens as a
|
||||
whole. As in classical Athens, they – and they alone – elected the state officials, passed or
|
||||
rejected laws, made the final decision on going to war and acted as a judicial court for major
|
||||
offences.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (13 . 46009)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 46009)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
So what kind of political system was this? The balance between the different interests was
|
||||
certainly not as equitable as Polybius makes it seem. The poor could never rise to the top of
|
||||
Roman politics; the common people could never seize the political initiative; and it was
|
||||
axiomatic that the richer an individual citizen was, the more political weight he should have.
|
||||
But this form of disequilibrium is familiar in many modern so-called democracies: at Rome too
|
||||
the wealthy and privileged competed for political office and political power that could only be
|
||||
granted by popular election and by the favour of ordinary people who would never have the
|
||||
financial means to stand themselves. As young Scipio Nasica found to his cost, the success of the
|
||||
rich was a gift bestowed by the poor. The rich had to learn the lesson that they depended on the
|
||||
people as a whole.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (14 . 33835)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (14 . 33835)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The clash in 133 BCE revealed dramatically different views of the power of the people. When
|
||||
Tiberius persuaded them to vote out of office the tribune who opposed him, his argument went
|
||||
along the lines of ‘if the people’s tribune no longer does what the people want, then he should be
|
||||
deposed’. That raised an issue still familiar in modern electoral systems. Are Members of
|
||||
Parliament, for example, to be seen as delegates of the voters, bound to follow the will of their
|
||||
electorate? Or are they representatives, elected to exercise their own judgement in the changing
|
||||
circumstances of government? This was the first time, so far as we know, that this question had
|
||||
been explicitly raised in Rome, and it was no more easily answered then than it is now. For
|
||||
some, Tiberius’ actions vindicated the rights of the people; for others they undermined the rights
|
||||
of a properly elected official.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
|
||||
* Same as Ever_ A Guide to What Never Change - Morgan Housel
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Morgan Housel/Same as Ever_ A Guide to What Never Changes (12156)/Same as Ever_ A Guide to What Never Change - Morgan Housel.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** This is exactly what I have been thinking of for [[id:7085168d-8607-4d83-8ec0-2298f33e4a9c][Atoms, Bits and Cells]]. I wonder what the third strategy might be in this case. Perhaps it is not necessary after all
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (20 . 8038)
|
||||
:ID: fb69f672-0a72-4881-af92-e8f9933af0a1
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The trick in any field—from finance to careers to relationships—is being able to survive the short-run problems so you can stick around long enough to enjoy the long-term growth.
|
||||
|
||||
Save like a pessimist and invest like an optimist.
|
||||
|
||||
Plan like a pessimist and dream like an optimist.
|
||||
|
||||
Those can seem like conflicting skills. And they are. It’s intuitive to think you should either be an optimist or a pessimist. It’s hard to realize there’s a time and a place for both, and that the two can—and should—coexist. But it’s what you see in almost every successful long-term endeavor.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** This describes a generalist. I think this balances with the fact that evolution also requires specialization to fill in ecological niches. Still, good enough my approach for [[id:7085168d-8607-4d83-8ec0-2298f33e4a9c][Atoms, Bits and Cells]].
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (21 . 1310)
|
||||
:ID: 21952d29-21ac-4bfe-9910-f45547ad1cf0
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
There is no perfect species, one adapted to everything at all times. The best any
|
||||
species can do is to be good at some things until the things it’s not good at suddenly
|
||||
matter more. And then it dies.
|
||||
|
||||
A century ago a Russian biologist named Ivan Schmalhausen described how this works. A species that evolves to become very good at one thing tends to become vulnerable at another. A bigger lion can kill more prey, but it’s also a larger target for hunters to shoot at. A taller tree captures more sunlight, but becomes vulnerable to wind damage. There is always some inefficiency.
|
||||
|
||||
So species rarely evolve to become perfect at anything, because perfecting one skill comes at the expense of another skill that will eventually be critical to survival. The lion could be bigger and catch more prey; the tree could be taller and get more sun. But they’re not, because it would backfire.
|
||||
|
||||
So they’re all a little imperfect.
|
||||
|
||||
Nature’s answer is a lot of good enough, below-potential traits across all species. Biologist Anthony Bradshaw says that evolution’s successes get all the attention, but its failures are equally important. And that’s how it should be: Not maximizing your potential is actually the sweet spot in a world where perfecting one skill compromises another.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** War and welfare coming together is a good concept. I think this is a reason why welfare is necessary to recover from Egypt's "war". I have also just finished Stephanie Kelton's book on Modern Monetary Theory where she argues for total welfare by the US government, even without a war.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (30 . 7820)
|
||||
:ID: 50e5be18-e4e7-47c8-8d24-9d03d3ea604d
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Historian Tony Judt notes that the state of affairs was so bad in postwar Europe that only the state could offer hope of salvation to the masses of displaced people. So it did. Everything from generous unemployment insurance to universal health care became common after the war in ways that never caught on in America.
|
||||
|
||||
Historian Michael Howard has said that war and welfare go hand in hand. Perhaps that’s because even the most financially prepared, the most risk averse, and those with the most foresight can be completely crushed by war. Europeans did not get to choose whether they wanted to be caught up in World War II—it became the most pressing issue of their lives whether they supported it or not, and it crushed their sense of control whether they prepared for it or not.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
|
||||
* Skin in the Game_ Hidden Asymmetries in Da - Nassim Nicholas Taleb
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Nassim Nicholas Taleb/Skin in the Game_ Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life (7794)/Skin in the Game_ Hidden Asymmetries in Da - Nassim Nicholas Taleb.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Notes for page (12 . 11341)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (12 . 11341)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
|
||||
Sharia, in particular the law regulating Islamic transactions and finance, is of interest to us insofar as it preserves some of the lost Mediterranean and Babylonian methods and practices—not to prop up the ego of Saudi princes. It exists at the intersection of Greco-Roman law (as reflected from people in Semitic territories’ contact with the school of law of Berytus), Phoenician trading rules, Babylonian legislations, and Arab tribal commercial customs and, as such, it provides a repository of ancient Mediterranean and Semitic lore. I hence view Sharia as a museum of the history of ideas on symmetry in transactions. Sharia establishes the interdict of gharar, drastic enough to be totally banned in any form of transaction. It is an extremely sophisticated term in decision theory that does not exist in English; it means both uncertainty and deception—my personal take is that it means something beyond informational asymmetry between agents: inequality of uncertainty. Simply, as the aim is for both parties in a transaction to have the same uncertainty facing random outcomes, an asymmetry becomes equivalent to theft. Or more robustly:
|
||||
|
||||
No person in a transaction should have certainty about the outcome while the other one has uncertainty.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Some tribalism is good
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (12 . 20944)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Now what’s the reason? Modernity put it in our heads that there are two units: the
|
||||
individual and the universal collective—in that sense, skin in the game for you would
|
||||
be just for you, as a unit. In reality, my skin lies in a broader set of people, one that
|
||||
includes a family, a community, a tribe, a fraternity. But it cannot possibly be the
|
||||
universal.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (14 . 21583)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (14 . 21583)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
GENES VS. LANGUAGES
|
||||
|
||||
Looking at genetic data in the Eastern Mediterranean with my collaborator the geneticist Pierre Zalloua, we noticed that both invaders, Turks and Arabs, left few genes, and in the case of Turkey, the tribes from East and Central Asia brought an entirely new language. Turkey, shockingly, is still inhabited by the populations of Asia Minor you read about in history books, but with new names. Further, Zalloua and his colleagues claim that Canaanites from 3,700 years ago represent more than nine-tenths of the genes of current residents of the state of Lebanon, with only a tiny amount of new genes added, in spite of about every possible army having dropped by for sightseeing and some pillaging.*2 While Turks are Mediterraneans who speak an East Asian language, the French (North of Avignon) are largely of Northern European stock, yet they speak a Mediterranean language.
|
||||
|
||||
So:
|
||||
|
||||
Genes follow majority rule; languages minority rule.
|
||||
|
||||
Languages travel; genes less so.
|
||||
|
||||
This shows us the recent mistake of building racial theories on language, dividing people into “Aryans” and “Semites,” based on linguistic considerations. While the subject was central to the German Nazis, the practice continues today in one form or another, often benign. For the great irony is that Northern European supremacists (“Aryan”), while anti-Semitic, used the classical Greeks to give themselves a pedigree and a link to a glorious civilization, but didn’t realize that the Greeks and their Mediterranean “Semitic” neighbors were actually genetically close to one another. It has been recently shown that both ancient Greeks and Bronze Age Levantines share an Anatolian origin. It just happened that the languages diverged.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Cato's injunction
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (18 . 7560)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
I am privileged to have other enemies than Big Ag. A couple of years ago, a university in Lebanon offered me an honorary doctorate. I accepted out of respect, counter to my habit of refusing honors, (largely) because I get very bored during ceremonies. Plus, in my experience, people who collect honorary doctorates are typically hierarchy-conscious, and I abide by Cato’s injunction: he preferred to be asked why he didn’t have a statue rather than why he had one.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** On generational punishement
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (18 . 13530)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The only way we have left to control suicide-terrorists would be precisely to convince
|
||||
them that blowing themselves up is not the worst-case scenario for them, nor the
|
||||
end scenario at all. Making their families and loved ones bear a financial
|
||||
burden—just as Germans still pay for war crimes—would immediately add
|
||||
consequences to their actions. The penalty needs to be properly calibrated to be a
|
||||
true disincentive, without imparting any sense of heroism or martyrdom to the
|
||||
families in question.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Rich people are not hated, only the high-salaried are
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (22 . 2383)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
It is safe to say that the American public—actually all publics—despises people who
|
||||
make a lot of money on a salary, or, rather, salarymen who make a lot of money.
|
||||
This is indeed generalized to other countries: a few years ago the Swiss, of all
|
||||
people, ran a referendum for a law capping salaries of managers to a set multiple of
|
||||
the lowest wage. The law didn’t pass, but the fact that they thought in these terms
|
||||
is rather significant. For the same Swiss hold rich entrepreneurs, and people who
|
||||
have derived their celebrity by other means, in some respect.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (25 . 16108)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (25 . 16108)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
ANOTHER BUSINESS OF INTERVENTION
|
||||
|
||||
People who have always operated without skin in the game (or without their skin in the right game) seek the complicated and centralized, and avoid the simple like the plague. Practitioners, on the other hand, have opposite instincts, looking for the simplest heuristics. Some rules:
|
||||
|
||||
People who are bred, selected, and compensated to find complicated solutions do not have an incentive to implement simplified ones.
|
||||
|
||||
And it gets more complicated as the remedy has itself a skin-in-the-game problem.
|
||||
|
||||
This is particularly acute in the meta-problem, when the solution is about solving this very problem.
|
||||
|
||||
In other words, many problems in society come from the interventions of people who sell complicated solutions because that’s what their position and training invite them to do. There is absolutely no gain for someone in such a position to propose something simple: you are rewarded for perception, not results. Meanwhile, they pay no price for the side effects that grow nonlinearly with such complications.
|
||||
|
||||
This also holds true when it comes to solutions that are profitable to technologists.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (26 . 6554)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (26 . 6554)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
CONVERSATION
|
||||
|
||||
If anything, being rich you need to hide your money if you want to have what I call friends. This may be known; what is less obvious is that you may also need to hide your erudition and learning. People can only be social friends if they don’t try to upstage or outsmart one another. Indeed, the classical art of conversation is to avoid any imbalance, as in Baldassare Castiglione’s Book of the Courtier: people need to be equal, at least for the purpose of the conversation, otherwise it fails. It has to be hierarchy-free and equal in contribution. You’d rather have dinner with your friends than with your professor, unless of course your professor understands “the art” of conversation.
|
||||
|
||||
Indeed, one can generalize and define a community as a space within which many rules of competition and hierarchy are lifted, where the collective prevails over one’s interest. Of course there will be tension with the outside, but that’s another discussion. This idea of competition being lifted within a group or a tribe was, once again, present in the notion of a group as studied by Elinor Ostrom.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (32 . 3343)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (32 . 3343)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Different people rarely mean the same thing when they say “religion,” nor do they realize it. For early Jews and Muslims, religion was law. Din means law in Hebrew and religion in Arabic. For early Jews, religion was also tribal; for early Muslims, it was universal. For the Romans, religion was social events, rituals, and festivals—the word religio was a counter to superstitio, and while present in the Roman zeitgeist it had no equivalent concept in the Greek-Byzantine East. Throughout the ancient world, law was procedurally and mechanically its own thing. Early Christianity, thanks to Saint Augustine, stayed relatively away from the law, and, later, remembering its origins, had an uneasy relation with it. For instance, even during the Inquisition, a lay court formally handled final sentencing. Further, Theodosius’s code (compiled in the fifth century to unify Roman law) was “Christianized” with a short introduction, a blessing of sorts—the rest remained identical to pagan Roman legal reasoning as expounded in Constantinople and (mostly) Berytus. The code remained dominated by the Phoenician legal scholars Ulpian and Papinian, who were pagan: contrary to theories by geopoliticalists, the Roman school of law of Berytus (Beirut) was not shut down by Christianity, but by an earthquake.
|
||||
|
||||
The difference is marked in that Christian Aramaic uses different words: din for religion and nomous (from the Greek) for law. Jesus, with his imperative “give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar,” separated the holy and the profane: Christianity was for another domain, “the kingdom to come,” only merging with this one in the eschaton.* Neither Islam nor Judaism have a marked separation between holy and profane. And of course Christianity moved away from the solely spiritual domain to embrace the ceremonial and ritualistic, integrating much of the pagan rites of the Levant and Asia Minor. As an illustration of the symbolic separation between church and state, the title Pontifex Maximus (head priest), taken by the Roman emperors after Augustus, reverted after Theodosius, in the late fourth century, to the bishop of Rome, and later, more or less informally, to the Catholic Pope.
|
||||
|
||||
For most Jews today, religion has become ethnocultural, without the law—and for many, a nation. Same for Armenians, Syriacs, Chaldeans, Copts, and Maronites. For Orthodox and Catholic Christians, religion is largely aesthetics, pomp, and rituals. For Protestants, religion is belief without aesthetics, pomp, or law. Further East, for Buddhists, Shintoists, and Hindus, religion is practical and spiritual philosophy, with a code of ethics (and for some, a cosmogony). So when Hindus talk about the Hindu “religion,” it doesn’t mean the same thing to a Pakistani, and would certainly mean something different to a Persian.
|
||||
|
||||
When the nation-state dream came about, things got more, much more complicated. When an Arab used to say “Jew” he largely referred to a creed; to Arabs, a converted Jew was no longer a Jew. But for a Jew, a Jew was simply defined as someone whose mother was a Jew. But Judaism somewhat merged into nation-state and now, for many, indicates belonging to a nation.
|
||||
|
||||
In Serbia, Croatia, and Lebanon, religion means one thing at times of peace, and something quite different at times of war.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
|
||||
* The Coming Wave_ Technology, Power, and th - Mustafa Suleyman
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Mustafa Suleyman/The Coming Wave_ Technology, Power, and the Twenty-First Century's Greatest Dilemma (13599)/The Coming Wave_ Technology, Power, and th - Mustafa Suleyman.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** There has to be a physical end to this dynamic. I guess energy is one.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (11 . 12441)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Think of how, as parts of successive waves, fire, then candles and oil lamps, gave way to gas lamps and then to electric lightbulbs, and now LED lights, and the totality of artificial light increased even as the underlying technologies changed. New technologies supersede multiple predecessors. Just as electricity did the work of candles and steam engines alike, so smartphones replaced satnavs, cameras, PDAs, computers, and telephones (and invented entirely new classes of experience: apps). As technologies let you do more, for less, their appeal only grows, along with their adoption.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** I made the phrase 'atoms, bits and cells' independently.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 8131)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
FROM ATOMS, TO BITS, TO GENES
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Until recently, the history of technology could be encapsulated in a single phrase: humanity’s quest to manipulate atoms. From fire to electricity, stone tools to machine tools, hydrocarbons to medicines, the journey described in chapter 2 is essentially a vast, unfolding process in which our species has slowly extended its control over atoms. As this control has become more precise, technologies have steadily become more powerful and complex, giving rise to machine tools, electrical processes, heat engines, synthetic materials like plastics, and the creation of intricate molecules capable of defeating dreaded diseases. At root, the primary driver of all of these new technologies is material—the ever-growing manipulation of their atomic elements.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Biology is the ultimate distributed manufacturing platform. This is why advanced technology is indistinguishable from life, an idea I first encountered in Asimov.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (14 . 11124)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
This is the promise of evolution by design, tens of millions of years of history compressed and short-circuited by directed intervention. It brings together biotechnology, molecular biology, and genetics with the power of computational design tools. Put it all together and you have a platform of profoundly transformational scope. In the words of the Stanford bioengineer Drew Endy, “Biology is the ultimate distributed manufacturing platform.” Synthetic biology’s true promise, then, is that it will “enable people to more directly and freely make whatever they need wherever they are.”
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Good to note, aside from the fact that all food and much else is genetically engineered over millennia.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (14 . 20079)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Already genetically engineered organisms account for 2 percent of the U.S. economy through agricultural and pharmaceutical uses. This is just the start. McKinsey estimates that up to 60 percent of physical inputs into the economy could ultimately be subject to “bio-innovation.” Forty-five percent of the global disease burden could be met with “science that is conceivable today.” As the tool kit gets cheaper and more advanced, a universe of possibility becomes subject to exploration.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (14 . 25884)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (14 . 25884)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
And yet this is only the beginning of a convergence of these two technologies. The bio-revolution is coevolving with advances in AI, and indeed many of the phenomena discussed in this chapter will rely on AI for their realization. Think, then, of two waves crashing together, not a wave but a superwave. Indeed, from one vantage artificial intelligence and synthetic biology are almost interchangeable. All intelligence to date has come from life. Call them synthetic intelligence and artificial life and they still mean the same thing. Both fields are about re-creating, engineering these utterly foundational and interrelated concepts, two core attributes of humanity; change the view and they become one single project.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** "Self-play". A Joke: Just like with Alpha Zero, AI will improve its various abilities by something that humans have always done: self play
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (16 . 14633)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Just as today’s models produce detailed images based on a few words, so in decades to come similar models will produce a novel compound or indeed an entire organism with just a few natural language prompts. That compound’s design could be improved by countless self-run trials, just as AlphaZero became an expert chess or Go player through self-play. Quantum technologies, many millions of times more powerful than the most powerful classical computers, could let this play out at a molecular level. This is what we mean by hyper-evolution—a fast, iterative platform for creation.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (16 . 18488)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (16 . 18488)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
A more appropriate term for the technologies of the coming wave is “omni-use,” a concept that grasps at the sheer levels of generality, the extreme versatility on display. Omni-use technologies like steam or electricity have wider societal effects and spillovers than narrower technologies. If AI is indeed the new electricity, then like electricity it will be an on-demand utility that permeates and powers almost every aspect of daily life, society, the economy: a general-purpose technology embedded everywhere. Containing something like this is always going to be much harder than containing a constrained, single-task technology, stuck in a tiny niche with few dependencies.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** General purpose technologies always end up omni use, including to do harm
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (16 . 19559)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Consider synthetic biology, too, through the omni-use prism. Engineering life is a completely general technique whose potential uses are near limitless; it might create material for construction, tackle disease, and store data. More is more, and there is a good reason for this. Omni-use technologies are more valuable than narrow ones. Nowadays, technologists don’t want to design technologies that are limited, specific, mono-functional applications. Instead, the goal is to design things more like smartphones: phones but more importantly devices for taking pictures, keeping fit, playing games, navigating cities, sending emails, and so on.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (20 . 42017)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (20 . 42017)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
These tools will only temporarily augment human intelligence. They will make us smarter and more efficient for a time, and will unlock enormous amounts of economic growth, but they are fundamentally labor replacing. They will eventually do cognitive labor more efficiently and more cheaply than many people working in administration, data entry, customer service (including making and receiving phone calls), writing emails, drafting summaries, translating documents, creating content, copywriting, and so on. In the face of an abundance of ultra-low-cost equivalents, the days of this kind of “cognitive manual labor” are numbered.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Regulation is well and good. The main win, however, would be using appropriat technology to give families and communities more resilience against disruption of world systems. Save for isolation, biological disrutions are the most dificult to defend against.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (25 . 63923)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
We need our generation’s equivalent of the nuclear treaty to shape a common worldwide approach—in this case not curbing proliferation altogether but setting limits and building frameworks for management and mitigation that, like the wave, cross borders. This would put clear limits on what work is undertaken, mediate among national licensing efforts, and create a framework for reviewing both.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (25 . 86484)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (25 . 86484)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
On the one hand, total openness to all experimentation and development is a straightforward recipe for catastrophe. If everyone in the world can play with nuclear bombs, at some stage you have a nuclear war. Open-source has been a boon to technological development and a major spur to progress more widely. But it’s not an appropriate philosophy for powerful AI models or synthetic organisms; here it should be banned. They should not be shared, let alone deployed or developed, without rigorous due process.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
|
||||
* The Compleated Autobiography by Benjamin F - Mark Skousen
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ~/library/books/Mark Skousen/The Compleated Autobiography by Benjamin Franklin_ 1775-1790 (10314)/The Compleated Autobiography by Benjamin F - Mark Skousen.epub
|
||||
:ID: 19c11d7e-dc51-48e4-a7c7-6d6eef175047
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** This may come as anti-social today, but really good to see how such social rules can be useful. None of this could work without postal service
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 1512)
|
||||
:ID: 2a14fd16-c80b-4862-835d-474410c25667
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
My father, a very wise man, us’d to say nothing was more common than for those who lov’d one another at a distance, to find many causes of dislike when they came together; and therefore he did not approve of visits to relations in distant places, which could not well be short enough for them to part good friends.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
* The Compleated Autobiography by Benjamin F - Mark Skousen
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Mark Skousen/The Compleated Autobiography by Benjamin Franklin_ 1757-1790 (10314)/The Compleated Autobiography by Benjamin F - Mark Skousen.epub
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 31680)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
** Such social rules would sound extreme today, and impossible before postal service.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 31458)
|
||||
:ID: d869c7b7-76ce-439e-8aee-3335833e1595
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
My father, a very wise man, us’d to say nothing was more common than for those who lov’d one another at a distance, to find many causes of dislike when they came together; and therefore he did not approve of visits to relations in distant places, which could not well be short enough for them to part good friends. I saw a proof of it, in the disgusts between him and his brother Benjamin; and tho’ I was a child I still remember how affectionate their correspondence was while they were separated, and the disputes and misunderstandings they had when they came to live some time together in the same house.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
|
||||
** Franklin agrees the historic times are yet to begin
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 4430)
|
||||
:ID: d8e7a83c-7a9e-46a3-ab05-1d0882fee1d3
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The rapid progress true science now makes occasions my regretting sometimes that I was born so soon. It is impossible to imagine the heights to which the power of man may be carried over matter in a thousand years. We may perhaps learn to deprive large masses of their gravity and give them absolute levity for the sake of easy transport. Agriculture may diminish its labour and double it produce. All diseases may by sure means be prevented or cured, not excepting even that of old age, and our lives lengthened at pleasure even beyond the antediluvian standard. O that moral science were as fair a way of improvement, that men would cease to be wolves to one another, and that human beings would at length learn what they now improperly call humanity! We make great improvements in nature daily. There is one I wish to see in moral philosophy: the discovery of a plan that would induce and oblige nations to settle their disputes without first cutting one another’s throats. When will human reason be sufficiently improv’d to see the advantage of this! When will men be convinc’d that even successful wars do at length become misfortunes to those who unjustly commenc’d them, and who triumph’d blindly in their success, not seeing all its consequences.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
|
||||
** Fiat currency pays for war
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 17118)
|
||||
:ID: 6fb683a7-556c-4e74-9926-35454a3df58c
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
THIS CURRENCY AS WE MANAGED IT WAS A WONDERFUL MACHINE
|
||||
|
||||
The principal difficulty at the time in America consisted in the depreciation of our currency, owing to the over-quantities issued, and the diminished demand for it in commerce. The depreciation of our money greatly affected salaried men, widows and orphans. I received a report from the Congress how the manners of the country were much affected by the depreciation, so that almost every officer, civil or military, felt a desire to engage in speculation, finding that his salary was inadequate to the harping demands which were made upon him for the necessaries of life. I took all the pains I could in Congress to prevent the depreciation by proposing first that the bills should bear interest; this was rejected, and they were struck accordingly. Secondly, after the first emission, I proposed that we should stop, strike no more, but borrow on interest those which had issued. This was not approved and more bills were issued. When, from the too great quantity, these began to depreciate, they agreed to borrow on interest, and I propos’d that in order to fix the value of the principal, the interest should be promis’d in hard dollars. This was objected to as impracticable. When the whole mass of the currency was under way in depreciation, the momentum of its descent was too great to be stopped. The only remedy then seemed to be a diminution of the quantity by a vigorous taxation, of great nominal sums, which the people were more able to pay in proportion to the quantity and diminished value. The only consolation under the evil is that the public debt was proportionably diminish’d with the depreciation, by an imperceptible tax everyone paid as the value fell between his receiving and paying such sums as pass’d thro’ his hands. For it should always be remembered that the original intention was to sink the bills by taxes, which as effectually extinguish the debt as an actual redemption. This effect of paper currency is not understood in Europe. And indeed the whole is a mystery even to the politicians; how we were able to continue a war four years without money; and how we could pay with paper that had no previously fix’d fund appropriated specifically to redeem it. This currency as we managed it was a wonderful machine. It performed its office when we issued it; it paid and clothed the troops, and provided victuals and ammunition; and when we were oblig’d to issue a quantity excessive, it paid itself off by depreciation. An expedition to Canada was deferred for want of a sufficient quantity of hard money. The Canadians were afraid of paper and would not take the Congress’s money. To enter a country which you mean to make a friend of, with an army that must have occasion every day for fresh provision in horses, carriages, and labour of every kind; having no acceptable money to pay those that serve you; and to be obliged therefore to take that service by force, is the sure way to disgust, offend, and by degrees make enemies of the whole people, after which all operations will be more difficult, all motions discovered, and every endeavour used to have us driven back out of their country.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
156
6_areas/books/The Death of Conservatism - Sam Tanenhaus.org
Normal file
156
6_areas/books/The Death of Conservatism - Sam Tanenhaus.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
|
||||
* The Death of Conservatism - Sam Tanenhaus
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Sam Tanenhaus/The Death of Conservatism (13614)/The Death of Conservatism - Sam Tanenhaus.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** This is what we have done in Egypt
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (7 . 18849)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Conservatives today face a choice: Will they shine in reflected radiance or spin futilely on their
|
||||
lonely unlit orbit? If they seriously mean to offer more than nihilism, they must accept the
|
||||
obligation history places on the party exiled from power: the obligation to rethink and
|
||||
reevaluate, to undergo the serious work of self-examination and preparation.
|
||||
|
||||
Conservatives did exactly that during the long period that extended from the 1930s through the
|
||||
1960s, a “down” cycle that prefigured this current one. At first many on the right, like Rush
|
||||
Limbaugh today, promulgated the dogmas of grievance and resentment, insisting in words like
|
||||
Limbaugh’s own that “the enemy within” had committed “treason” against the United States.
|
||||
|
||||
But the movement’s best thinkers grew to understand that such denunciations amounted to a
|
||||
denunciation of America itself. They chose instead to address the authentic, rather than
|
||||
invented, crises of their time and tried to fashion serious rather than merely expedient
|
||||
arguments. They became analysts and critics, theorists and prophets. They observed politics from
|
||||
an engaged, constructive distance, made their outer orbit a useful vantage point from which to
|
||||
calibrate where the nation, under liberal rule, might be headed. And they exerted whatever
|
||||
influence they could through the vehicles of ideas and arguments. Unwelcome in “the
|
||||
mainstream media,” they could easily have retreated into an alternative universe and limited
|
||||
their conversation to preachments aimed at the like-minded few. They rejected that course,
|
||||
electing instead to seize whatever openings they could to join the larger quarrels, adapting their
|
||||
voices to the idioms and vocabulary of the day. When at last conservatives gained a foothold
|
||||
within the establishment, political and intellectual, it was because they had earned their way.
|
||||
They rejected extremism for centrism, purism for pragmatism, revanchism for realism. The
|
||||
public—including much of the liberal public—deemed them ready to govern. The moon had
|
||||
become a sun.
|
||||
|
||||
Are conservatives prepared to travel this route again? No, to judge from current evidence. The
|
||||
figures now contending for movement leadership—Limbaugh; the GOP’s new Lazarus, Newt
|
||||
Gingrich; the aspirant governors Bobby Jindal and Sarah Palin—seem contentedly nestled within
|
||||
their fringe orbit. Even when they speak of reclaiming the center, they do so in the discredited
|
||||
idioms of the discarded past. This is equally true of the movement’s intelligentsia. Journals like
|
||||
Commentary, National Review, and The Weekly Standard, once sophisticated publications, are
|
||||
now mouthpieces of the Republican Party at its most revanchist. During the 2008 campaign one
|
||||
could read—at times scarcely avoid—effusions like those of Michael Barone inveighing against
|
||||
“the coming Obama thugocracy” and Jonah Goldberg railing against Obama’s “pals from the
|
||||
Weather Underground who murdered or celebrated the murder of policemen.” Most unsettling
|
||||
of all, perhaps, was the case of William Kristol, the founding publisher and editor of The Weekly
|
||||
Standard, who in his election-year column for The New York Times debased this valued space
|
||||
into a shabby storefront for the Republican presidential campaign. These conservative
|
||||
intellectuals recognize no distinction between analysis and advocacy, or between the competition
|
||||
of ideas and the naked struggle for power. To them the Democratic Party and all manner of
|
||||
liberals are simply the enemy, and if the majority of the country joins the “wrong” side, then
|
||||
they are the enemy, too, or its manipulated pawns.
|
||||
|
||||
All movements have life spans. They spring into existence in response to particular conditions,
|
||||
and when those conditions change, often as a result of movement successes, they either disband
|
||||
or lose their relevance. The abolitionist movement effectively ended once Lincoln signed the
|
||||
Emancipation Proc lamation. The progressive movement lasted only fifteen years (from 1900 to
|
||||
1915), but in that time transformed American politics, shaping two of the great
|
||||
twentieth-century presidencies, Theodore Roosevelt’s and Woodrow Wilson’s, and making
|
||||
possible a third, Franklin D. Roosevelt’s.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (7 . 28288)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (7 . 28288)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The movement conservatives of our time seem the heirs of the French rather than of the
|
||||
American Revolution. They routinely demonize government institutions, which they depict as
|
||||
the enemy of the people’s best interests. But to classical conservatives the two entities,
|
||||
government and society, are mutually dependent. Burke drew no meaningful distinction
|
||||
between the state and society—that is, between the formally established institutions of
|
||||
government and those institutions rooted in patrimony, custom, and habit. The two were
|
||||
coterminous, at times almost interchangeable. “Government is a contrivance of human wisdom
|
||||
to provide for human wants,” he wrote, adding a few sentences later, as if following a single arc
|
||||
of thought, “Society requires not only that the passions of individuals should be subjected, but
|
||||
that even in the mass and body as well as in the individuals, the inclinations of men should
|
||||
frequently be thwarted, their will controlled, and their passions brought into subjection. This can
|
||||
only be done by a power out of themselves … [T]he restraints on men, as well as their liberties,
|
||||
are to be reckoned among their rights. But as the liberties and the restrictions vary with times
|
||||
and circumstances, and admit of infinite modifications, they cannot be settled upon any abstract
|
||||
rule.”
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Get Kendall's article
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (7 . 32922)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Practically, this vision of orthodoxy amounts to war fought by other means. This was the
|
||||
argument put forth by Kendall, a disillusioned ex-Trotskyist who emerged as one of the Right’s
|
||||
most fertile thinkers during the Cold War period. His essay “What Is Conservatism?,” published
|
||||
in 1963, drew a bright line of demarcation between the Left and the Right. “The line in question
|
||||
is a line of battle,” Kendall wrote, “a line of battle moreover in contemporary American politics
|
||||
and a line of battle between two sets of combatants, each fighting to defeat the other.”
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Democrats in Congress deferred to Reagan
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (7 . 36723)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The struggle between consensus and orthodoxy illuminates as well the contrasting approaches
|
||||
favored by each party’s congressional caucus. When Ronald Reagan took office in 1981, he
|
||||
presented a program of steep tax cuts that many Democrats found radical. Yet forty-eight
|
||||
Democrats in the House and thirty-seven in the Senate voted for it. They did so partly in
|
||||
acknowledgment of the sweeping victory Reagan had won—51 percent of the vote, less than
|
||||
Obama won in 2008, but ten points more than the Democratic incumbent, Jimmy Carter, got.
|
||||
Still, Democrats had a fifty-vote advantage in the House in 1981. They could have stopped
|
||||
Reagan—or at least made a strong case for opposing him. Instead, they deferred to the popular
|
||||
will and to the tradition of allowing a new president to pursue his agenda.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Clinton was a conservative
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (7 . 40166)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
As it happened, the Republicans were vindicated. The recession cycle had all but ended by the
|
||||
time Clinton took office, and the economy rebounded. Clinton, recognizing this, adjusted course
|
||||
and oversaw a period of remarkable prosperity. Unemployment decreased in each of the eight
|
||||
years he was in office. Like Dwight Eisenhower forty years before, he was a genuine Burkean.
|
||||
Both presidents struggled to neutralize movement forces in Congress through “a computing
|
||||
principle.” Both succeeded. And both left office with soaring approval ratings. They are the
|
||||
modern era’s two true conservative presidents—and the two best.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Look up these two authors
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (8 . 4856)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
That the nation should turn to professors in its time of trouble was an affront, a confession of
|
||||
weakness. To an intellectual like H. L. Mencken, the figure who presided over this change was,
|
||||
variously, a “dictator,” “chartered libertine,” and the “King in the White House.” Roosevelt
|
||||
really believed, to Mencken’s astonishment, that “the nation would be vastly benefited if its
|
||||
present scheme of government could be radically overhauled, and the safeguards now thrown
|
||||
about property eliminated, and all power and prerogative handed over to men of vision, sworn
|
||||
to serve and save the lowly.” In fact, the New Deal was “a political racket … and nothing
|
||||
more,” Mencken wrote on the eve of the 1936 election. “Its chief practical business is to search
|
||||
out groups that can be brought into the [Democratic Party] machine by grants out of the public
|
||||
treasury, which is to say, out of the pockets of the rest of us.”
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** The machine made the economy socialistic
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (8 . 36074)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
And with good reason. To Chambers, an avid student of history, well schooled in Marxist
|
||||
argument, it was obvious that the growing dependency on government was a function of the
|
||||
unstoppable rise of industrial capitalism and the new technology it had brought forth. “The
|
||||
machine has made the economy socialistic,” he wrote. And the Right had better adjust. “A
|
||||
conservatism that will not accept this situation … is not a political force, or even a twitch: it has
|
||||
become a literary whimsy.” It might well be “the duty of the intellectuals … to preach reaction,”
|
||||
but only “from an absolute, an ideal standpoint. It is for books and posterity. It does not bear on
|
||||
tactics or daily life … Those who remain in the world, if they will not surrender on its terms,
|
||||
must maneuver within its terms. That is what conservatives must decide: how much to give in
|
||||
order to survive at all; how much to give in order not to give up the basic principles.”
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
60
6_areas/books/The Deficit Myth - Stephanie Kelton.org
Normal file
60
6_areas/books/The Deficit Myth - Stephanie Kelton.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
|
||||
* The Deficit Myth - Stephanie Kelton
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Stephanie Kelton/The Deficit Myth (12157)/The Deficit Myth - Stephanie Kelton.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** This book is making me realize that, due to the way national currencies are organized, there are two parts of the economy in each nation: a local one and an international trade one. The local economy can, and perhaps should, be completely autarkic and disconnected from the rest of the world, with only resource and labour restrictions but no financial (and capital?) restrictions whatsoever, so long inflation is under control. The second part of the economy, or the "second economy" as it is, is related to international trade conducted in the US dollar. This is where restrictions are (except for the US) and where a positive trade balance is favorable. Moreover, the local economy as it grows helps furthering USD inflows as goods and services find their way to the export market.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: dc05697c-b650-48a5-afa6-f0e8f9edc5c6
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
Perhaps custom duties should be collected in USD.
|
||||
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (12 . 969)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Such “free trade” agreements entrench global divisions between rich and poor. They shoehorn poor parts of the world into fossil fuel extraction, helping to hasten climate change. They give developing countries little choice but to submit to export-led growth—which, in reality, means exploitative labor conditions to assemble cheap goods on behalf of the wealthy and advanced nations. They even expand the monetary sovereignty of rich countries at the expense of poorer countries.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** This is exactly why I think that, for lack of energy abundane, a country like Egypt should continue to import grain only until it can build enough greenhouse capacity to feed itself from Zone 1 and Zone 2 permaculture. Zone 3 becomes viable only with country-scale regenration or with fusion energy abundance.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (12 . 57751)
|
||||
:ID: 727d70fb-cc65-4b34-b7db-e295da8b35e8
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
In theory and practice, lack of food and energy sovereignty are solvable problems. Even major food importing countries with mostly desert climates can adopt a sustainable agriculture program by investing in more water efficient hydroponic and aquaponics food production. And even countries with no oil or natural gas reserves can adopt a renewable energy program by installing solar and wind farms, and by investing in energy efficiency for housing and transportation. And to the extent that we encourage a global effort to contain the effects of climate change, policies that help the developing world to decarbonize their economies not only lessens their dependency on US dollars to purchase fossil fuels, but also enhances global cooperative efforts to reduce harmful carbon emissions that continue to threaten our planet’s long-term survival.
|
||||
|
||||
As long as most developing countries have to import basic necessities, they will remain “developing”—caught in a desperate scramble to acquire the currencies of the rich world. Corporations around the world will keep feverishly chasing short-term profits, extracting scarce natural resources, polluting precious ecosystems, and ruthlessly firing desperate people, all in the name of maximizing shareholder value. Left unchecked, the situation is an open invitation for demagogues like Trump to come along, blaming “foreigners” and exacerbating tensions among the world’s people.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** According to this, and I am still not sure I like its assumptions, as fiat can only be sustained within a long cycle, social welfare can be perpetually funded by the government, so long the economy is capable of delivering those services in reality (perhaps not a good idea to have the government deliver the services itself, at least not the central government), and as long as the funding inflows create jobs but not inflation.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 62687)
|
||||
:ID: 9a016756-63e6-4edc-b819-fe55cade1191
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Greenspan was concerned about the demographic changes that are leaving the US with a smaller number of workers to produce our national output. The dependency ratio is a legitimate concern here, not because there won’t be enough money but because we might struggle to make enough of the real goods and services that people will want and need in the coming years. Greenspan understood that it’s not enough to pay monetary benefits to future retirees. The value of that money matters, too. To guard against the age-old inflation problem of “too much money chasing too few goods,” we need an economy that is productive enough to supply the mix of goods and services we’ll need. How do we do that?
|
||||
|
||||
First, we must decide what our priorities are. Polling suggests that entitlements rank high on our list of social goals. Second, we should think about how to achieve them, while at the same time making sure our economy is productive enough to meet them without causing inflation.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** In the case of Egypt, the central government would guaraantee employment, transfer the money to regional (and local) govrenments who will hire contractors to do the jobs and pay workers (directly?). This is a way to push capitalists to find efficiencies in places other than labour.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (15 . 46183)
|
||||
:ID: 8771bc8f-1c2e-4ea5-9589-38e2e2271498
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
What we envision is a highly decentralized Public Service Employment (PSE) program that offers paid work at a living wage (we recommend $15 per hour) with a basic package of benefits that include health care and paid leave. Both part-time and full-time work should be offered, and work arrangements should be sufficiently flexible to accommodate the needs of caregivers, students, older workers, those with disabilities, and so on. While funding must come from the top (federal government), the jobs themselves would largely be designed by the people living in the communities that will benefit from the work that is performed. As we explain in the report, “the goal is to create jobs in every community, and to create projects that are beneficial to every community, [so] it makes sense to involve local communities in these projects, from the proposal stage through to implementation, administration, and evaluation.”
|
||||
|
||||
The program budget could reside within the Department of Labor (DOL), and DOL would specify the general guidelines for the kinds of projects that would qualify for funding. The goal is to provide jobs that fulfill unmet community needs. As we envision it, all of the jobs should be oriented around an overarching goal: building a care economy. We are an aging society in the midst of a climate crisis with more than enough useful work to be done. We can address our good jobs deficit by creating millions of good-paying jobs that care for people, communities, and our planet.
|
||||
|
||||
When it comes to creating those jobs, we think it’s important to recognize that the federal government is not in the best position to identify the community’s most pressing needs. The people who live and work in the community are. That’s why we recommend that government agencies work with community partners to assess and catalogue unmet needs so that jobs can be tailored to meet the needs of the community. Together, states and municipalities would work with their community partners to create a repository of work projects. Think of it like a massively scaled-up Shelf Project, but instead of binders full of pay-fors, the shelves would be filled with a wide variety of available jobs. The idea is to keep the shelves stocked with enough potential work to allow people with different skills and interests to walk in without a job and walk out with one that fits them.30
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (15 . 49843)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (15 . 49843)
|
||||
:ID: 6084dfe9-6505-4e8e-9e8c-8096099259c5
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Argentina’s Jefes de Hogar plan wasn’t a full-throated job guarantee either, but in 2001 it became “the only direct job creation program in the world specifically modelled after” the proposal developed by MMT economists.35 The program was launched as an emergency measure following a financial crisis that plunged the economy into recession and drove the official unemployment rate above 20 percent. It was inspired by the work of Warren Mosler and designed in consultation with MMT economists—Pavlina Tcherneva, Mathew Forstater, and L. Randall Wray—as a way to quickly put people back to work. A first of its kind, the Jefes de Hogar plan created a federally funded, locally administered jobs program that guaranteed four hours of daily work in exchange for 150 pesos per month. As Tcherneva explains, jobs were limited to heads of households with “children under age eighteen, persons with disabilities, or a pregnant woman.”36 At its peak, the program employed some two million people, about 13 percent of the labor force. Almost 90 percent of the jobs were in community projects, and 75 percent of the participants were women. Just six months after launching the program, extreme poverty had fallen by 25 percent. Within three years, half of the participants had left the program, most for jobs in the private sector.37
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
||||
* The Fourth Turning Is Here_ What the Seaso - Neil Howe
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Neil Howe/The Fourth Turning Is Here_ What the Seasons of History Tell Us About How and When This Crisis (12136)/The Fourth Turning Is Here_ What the Seaso - Neil Howe.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Notes for page (15 . 16256)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (15 . 16256)
|
||||
:ID: 73be2c1d-e4fb-459a-8228-53a2060407b6
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Biologists David Sloan Wilson and his coauthor E. O. Wilson have suggested the following rule of thumb: Selfishness beats altruism within groups. Altruistic groups beat selfish groups. Brilliantly enigmatic, the Wilsons formula throws an illuminating spotlight on the opposite solstices of the saeculum.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
|
||||
* The Open Society and Its Enemies - Karl Popper
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Karl Popper/The Open Society and Its Enemies (5197)/The Open Society and Its Enemies - Karl Popper.pdf
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
|
||||
* The Political Brain_ The Role of Emotion i - Drew Westen
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Drew Westen/The Political Brain_ The Role of Emotion in Deciding the Fate of the Nation (13602)/The Political Brain_ The Role of Emotion i - Drew Westen.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Notes for page (15 . 27261)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (15 . 27261)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Like all good narratives—and this one is very coherent indeed—it is easy to tell and retell. It was easy to write. Everyone knows exactly what someone who calls himself or herself a conservative purportedly values: military strength, tax cuts, minimal government, fiscal restraint, traditional values, patriotism, and religious faith. This clear message starts conservative candidates with 35 to 60 percent of the vote before opening their mouths, depending on the state or district.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (16 . 5672)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (16 . 5672)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Contentious issues are the issues that arouse emotions. If you cede the contentious issues, you cede passion to the other side. And given that people vote their passions, that’s always a losing strategy. Republicans go straight for these issues, and they now have the confidence that they can do so even when support for their position is in the range of 30 percent, as is the case with their absolutist stance on abortion: that abortion is murder and should be illegal under all circumstances. They can do so with impunity because they know that Democrats usually won’t contest them for fear of offending some constituency or being branded with a slippery-slope argument (e.g., “My opponent believes in abortion on demand,” “My opponent views abortion as just another form of birth control”). The result is that Republicans assert an extreme principle, the public never hears a compelling counternarrative, and gradually public opinion shifts to the right.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (17 . 24523)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 24523)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Democrats should use a simple rule of thumb to determine whether to woo an emotional constituency (i.e., to build their concerns into the stories they tell and the principled stands they articulate) or to write them off: Are their networks closer to ours or to those who represent extremist positions on the other side? For guns, that means asking, “Are they more like us or Charlton Heston?” If the answer is Heston, the only place they belong in a Democratic narrative is as the antagonist. But if it’s even close, the job of a strategist is to understand their concerns and map their networks because that map may point to some uncharted electoral terrain.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Response to war on terror rhetoric
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (22 . 47776)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Fourth, in the face of terror manipulations, as in other political situations, Democrats need to scour Republicans’ words and metaphors for the networks they are activating and think about how to inhibit or turn those networks against them. Bush was fond of emasculating Democrats on matters of national security by claiming that they sought therapy instead of death for terrorists. The phrase “war on terror” actually created a perfect opportunity for turning this around. So imagine if John Kerry had declared during the 2004 election, We are not fighting a war on terror. Terror is a feeling, not an enemy. If the president wants to fight a war on feelings, I suggest he see a therapist. As your president, I will not declare war on feelings. I will declare war on those who create those feelings.”
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (23 . 1100)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (23 . 1100)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Other than telling us how to live, think, marry, pray, vote, invest, educate our children and, now, die, I think the Republicans have done a fine job of getting government out of our personal lives. —PORTLAND OREGONIAN,
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (23 . 10417)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (23 . 10417)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
You wouldn’t know these things from public discourse in America because Democrats haven’t talked about them. For much of three decades, they’ve let the right define Jesus, in whose teachings over four-fifths of Americans believe. In a religious nation such as ours, we can ill afford to allow the right to define faith, morality, virtue, values, and character. In matters of morality, as in every other realm of life, what drives people are their emotions,11 and the moral emotions of the left tend to be very different from those of the far right. University of Virginia psychologist John Haidt has distinguished several kinds of moral emotions.12 What he and other psychologists call “self-conscious” emotions—shame, embarrassment, and especially guilt—often lead us to do the right thing even when we might want to do otherwise. “Other-suffering” emotions, such as compassion and empathy, lead us to feel for others and to try to help them. Along with what Haidt calls “other-praising” emotions, such as admiration for those who behave in ways we consider morally courageous or worthy of our respect or exaltation, these are the primary emotions that define the morality of the left.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
|
||||
* The Psychology of Money_ Timeless Lessons - Morgan Housel
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Morgan Housel/The Psychology of Money_ Timeless Lessons on Wealth, Greed, and Happiness (10273)/The Psychology of Money_ Timeless Lessons - Morgan Housel.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Notes for page (15 . 3874)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (15 . 3874)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Milanković’s theory initially assumed that a tilt of the Earth’s hemispheres caused ravenous winters cold enough to turn the planet into ice. But a Russian meteorologist named Wladimir Köppen dug deeper into Milanković’s work and discovered a fascinating nuance.
|
||||
|
||||
Moderately cool summers, not cold winters, were the icy culprit.
|
||||
|
||||
It begins when a summer never gets warm enough to melt the previous winter’s snow. The leftover ice base makes it easier for snow to accumulate the following winter, which increases the odds of snow sticking around in the following summer, which attracts even more accumulation the following winter. Perpetual snow reflects more of the sun’s rays, which exacerbates cooling, which brings more snowfall, and on and on. Within a few hundred years a seasonal snowpack grows into a continental ice sheet, and you’re off to the races.
|
||||
|
||||
The same thing happens in reverse. An orbital tilt letting more sunlight in melts more of the winter snowpack, which reflects less light the following years, which increases temperatures, which prevents more snow the next year, and so on. That’s the cycle.
|
||||
|
||||
The amazing thing here is how big something can grow from a relatively small change in conditions. You start with a thin layer of snow left over from a cool summer that no one would think anything of and then, in a geological blink of an eye, the entire Earth is covered in miles-thick ice. As glaciologist Gwen Schultz put it: “It is not necessarily the amount of snow that causes ice sheets but the fact that snow, however little, lasts.”
|
||||
|
||||
The big takeaway from ice ages is that you don’t need tremendous force to create tremendous results.
|
||||
|
||||
If something compounds—if a little growth serves as the fuel for future growth—a small starting base can lead to results so extraordinary they seem to defy logic. It can be so logic-defying that you underestimate what’s possible, where growth comes from, and what it can lead to.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Definition of genius
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (19 . 8803)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Napoleon’s definition of a military genius was, “The man who can do the average thing when all those around him are going crazy.”
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Finance is the field where you have to get it right the least of the time compared to other fields
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (19 . 11617)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Peter Lynch is one of the best investors of our time. “If you’re terrific in this business, you’re right six times out of 10,” he once said.
|
||||
|
||||
There are fields where you must be perfect every time. Flying a plane, for example. Then there are fields where you want to be at least pretty good nearly all the time. A restaurant chef, let’s say.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (21 . 5140)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (21 . 5140)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Derek Sivers, a successful entrepreneur, once wrote about a friend who asked him to
|
||||
tell the story about how he got rich:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I had a day job in midtown Manhattan paying $20k per year—about minimum wage ... I never ate out, and never took a taxi. My cost of living was about $1000/month, and I was earning $1800/month. I did this for two years, and saved up $12,000. I was 22 years old.
|
||||
|
||||
Once I had $12,000 I could quit my job and become a full-time musician. I knew I could get a few gigs per month to pay my cost of living. So I was free. I quit my job a month later, and never had a job again.
|
||||
|
||||
When I finished telling my friend this story, he asked for more. I said no, that was it. He said, “No, what about when you sold your company?”
|
||||
|
||||
I said no, that didn’t make a big difference in my life. That was just more money in the bank. The difference happened when I was 22.²⁶
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (21 . 7873)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (21 . 7873)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
When asked about his silence during meetings, Rockefeller often recited a poem:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
A wise old owl lived in an oak,
|
||||
|
||||
The more he saw the less he spoke,
|
||||
|
||||
The less he spoke, the more he heard,
|
||||
|
||||
Why aren’t we all like that wise old bird?
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (35 . 2864)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (35 . 2864)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Long-term financial planning is essential. But things change—both the world around you, and your own goals and desires. It is one thing to say, “We don’t know what the future holds.” It’s another to admit that you, yourself, don’t know today what you will even want in the future. And the truth is, few of us do. It’s hard to make enduring long-term decisions when your view of what you’ll want in the future is likely to shift.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (48 . 26467)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (48 . 26467)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Take that mentality and raise it to the power of Facebook, Instagram, and cable news—where people are more keenly aware of how other people live than ever before. It’s gasoline on a flame. Benedict Evans says, “The more the Internet exposes people to new points of view, the angrier people get that different views exist.” That’s a big shift from the post-war economy where the range of economic opinions were smaller, both because the actual range of outcomes was lower and because it wasn’t as easy to see and learn what other people thought and how they lived.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
|
||||
* The Republic of Pirates_ Being the True an - Colin Woodard
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Colin Woodard/The Republic of Pirates_ Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the (11177)/The Republic of Pirates_ Being the True an - Colin Woodard.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Notes for page (19 . 32479)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (19 . 32479)
|
||||
:ID: e10d6a00-fddf-4324-b14c-cbc88e1ac175
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
In a few weeks, Maynard would be a household name from New England to London, Port Royal, and beyond. In Boston, thirteen-year-old Benjamin Franklin, then a printer’s apprentice, wrote and published a “sailor’s song” about Maynard’s accomplishment, which he sold on the street. The text has been lost, save for one stanza ending with the lines
|
||||
|
||||
It’s better to swim in the sea below
|
||||
Than to swing in the air and feed the crow,
|
||||
Says jolly Ned Teach of Bristol
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
34
6_areas/books/The World America Made - Robert Kagan.org
Normal file
34
6_areas/books/The World America Made - Robert Kagan.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
|
||||
* The World America Made - Robert Kagan
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: Robert Kagan/The World America Made (12125)/The World America Made - Robert Kagan.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** The best chances for the world, China apart, seem to be either for the Chinese to be as rich as Western Europeans at least, and unless China democratises this will empower the illiberal trend, or, even better, for China to collapse and stop becoming a major power.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (10 . 1153)
|
||||
:ID: e86cc5fb-c9d3-4ee6-bd1b-780480ade073
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The move from American-dominated ocean ways to a collective policing by multiple great powers—even if it occurred—might turn out to be a formula for competition and conflict rather than a bolstering of the liberal economic order. In the nineteenth century, British naval dominance undergirded peace and global free trade, except in times of war, when Britain itself closed the avenues of trade to its enemies and their trading partners. When the world’s navies became more equal—with the rise of not only the German navy but also those of Japan and the United States—both peace and the international free-trade system became imperiled. Historically, a liberal economic order has flourished under only one set of conditions—a great power with a globally dominant navy and a profound interest in a free-trade, free-market international system, the situation that existed in the latter half of the nineteenth century under British naval supremacy, and again after World War II, under American naval supremacy. The multipolar eras that preceded British supremacy and that existed between the two world wars, prior to American naval supremacy, did not give rise to liberal economic orders.
|
||||
|
||||
Even if one sets aside the problem of who will police the commons, it is not clear that the great powers in a new, multipolar era would be able to sustain a free-market, free-trade international system, even if they wanted to. They might kill the goose inadvertently, despite their dependence on it, simply because of the nature of their own political and economic systems.
|
||||
|
||||
By far the most important player in the future in this regard will be China. Its economy is projected to overtake that of the United States, at least in terms of sheer volume, at some point in this century. China’s ability and willingness to support the liberal economic order will go a long way toward determining whether or not that order survives. But even optimists about China’s development foresee possible problems.
|
||||
|
||||
Two aspects of China’s economy raise doubts about whether it could or would play the role of defender of the present system. One is the fact that although the Chinese economy may become the largest in the world, it will be far from the richest. The size of its economy is a product of its enormous population, but in per capita terms China remains a relatively poor country. In 2010, China’s GDP was the third largest in the world, behind the United States and the European Union. But while the United States, Germany, Japan, and other powers had a per capita GDP of over $40,000, China’s per capita GDP was a little over $4,000, putting it at the same level as Angola, Algeria, and Belize. Even if optimistic forecasts are correct, by 2030 China’s per capita GDP will still be only half that of the United States, putting it roughly where Slovenia and Greece are today.
|
||||
|
||||
This will make for a historically unique situation.61 In the past, the largest and most dominant economies in the world have also been the richest. That was certainly true of the eras of British and American dominance. And consequences flowed from this. Nations whose peoples are such obvious winners in the relatively unfettered economic system have less temptation to pursue protectionist measures and more incentive to keep the system open. So although they are dominant, they use their dominance in such a way as to permit other nations to grow rich, too.
|
||||
|
||||
Chinese leaders, however, may face a different set of problems and temptations. As heads of a poorer and still developing country, they may prove less willing to open sectors of their economy. They have already begun closing some sectors to foreign competition and are likely to close others in the future. The pressure to find better-paying jobs for their people climbing out of poverty into a large lower middle class could lead them to protect certain industries that provide those jobs. A more protectionist China would be neither evil nor unprecedented. Many nations go through protectionist phases during their economic development. The United States certainly did. The problem is that China’s protectionist phase could coincide with its rise to dominance of the global economy. That would be unprecedented. The United States was highly protectionist throughout the latter half of the nineteenth century, but as it grew to become the world’s dominant economy, it gradually shed protectionism because it could make more money in an environment of free trade. Britain similarly moved from protectionism to free trade as its economy became dominant. China may be different.
|
||||
|
||||
Even optimists about Chinese economic and political development believe the liberal economic order will require “some insurance” against a scenario in which “China exercises its dominance by either reversing its previous policies or failing to open areas of the economy that are now highly protected.” For were it to do so, “given its size, the resulting conflict could undermine the post–World War II system.”62 As the political scientist Ian Bremmer asks, “What happens when the Chinese leadership decides that its development strategy no longer depends on so much foreign investment and prefers instead to use all the tools at the state’s disposal to support local companies and shelter them from foreign competition?”63 American economic dominance was welcomed by much of the world because, by and large, like Hyman Roth in The Godfather, the United States always made money for its partners. Chinese economic dominance, however, may get a different reception.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Now that the world's largest autocratic powers are in demise, sooner Russia due to its military loss and later China due to demographic collapse, a more progressive US foriegn policy finally becomes tenable: less nation-shattering aircraft carriers and more ocean patrols, less arms sale and more other advanced technologies.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (10 . 49160)
|
||||
:ID: e3f21923-2c71-45d7-bb4f-4dce07db392c
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The lesson of the twentieth century, perhaps forgotten in the twenty-first, is that if one wants a more liberal order, there may be no substitute for powerful liberal nations to build and defend it. International order is not an evolution; it is an imposition. It is the domination of one vision over others—in this case, the domination of liberal principles of economics, domestic politics, and international relations over other, nonliberal principles. It will last only as long as those who imposed it retain the capacity to defend it. This is an uncomfortable reality for liberal internationalists. We prefer to believe that a liberal international order survives because it is right and just—and not only for us but for everyone. We prefer to imagine that the acceptance of a liberal order is voluntary or, better still, the product of natural forces, not the wielding of power. That is why the “End of History” was such an attractive thesis to many, and remains so even after it has been discredited by events. The theory of inevitable evolution means there is no requirement to impose liberal order. It will merely happen. This resolves the moral ambiguity—and the practical and financial challenges—of imposing it and defending its imposition.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
||||
* Underground Empire_ How America Weaponized - Henry Farrell
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Henry Farrell/Underground Empire_ How America Weaponized the World Economy (12162)/Underground Empire_ How America Weaponized - Henry Farrell.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Read this again
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (8 . 15267)
|
||||
:ID: b58c3b04-c881-4815-b7a4-26c0cdf3d353
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
By redrawing a line on a map, the NSA could change the world. Hayden liked to compare the new age to the “last great age of globalization,” when European empire builders had discovered and conquered the world. Back then Europeans had gotten “land, wealth, tobacco, and syphilis,” while the colonized world had gotten “exploitation of entire populations, global piracy, and the global slave trade.” The new empire was less visible and less savage. But like the old ones, it relied on the notion of terra nullius, a vast territory inhabited by people who weren’t protected by the law. Hayden himself was surprised at the ease of the “remarkable transition” from a world where “radio waves serendipitously hit our antennas to what became a digital form of breaking and entering.” But he was very happy to bank it. The NSA’s job was to protect Americans. If “you were not protected by the US Constitution and your communications contained information that would help keep America free and safe,… it was game on.” When Republican senator Arlen Specter asked how the United States should protect the privacy of foreigners, Hayden responded with silent contempt; the Fourth Amendment, after all, was not an international treaty.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
BIN
6_areas/books/Whats-Our-Problem-Audiobook-Visuals-Companion.pdf
Normal file
BIN
6_areas/books/Whats-Our-Problem-Audiobook-Visuals-Companion.pdf
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
35
6_areas/books/Why We're Polarized - Ezra Klein.org
Normal file
35
6_areas/books/Why We're Polarized - Ezra Klein.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
|
||||
* Why We're Polarized - Ezra Klein
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Ezra Klein/Why We're Polarized (11501)/Why We're Polarized - Ezra Klein.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Even under a presidential system, the US would fare much better if the two parties are split in half each: a populist social democratic party, a liberal party, a conservative party, and a populist right-wing party. The two centrist parties would find themselves in a situation where they need to work together to avoid a populist show-stopper from either side, and as demographics keep changing, that populist threat is increasingly progressive instead of the current regressive threat. MAGA, as I said elsewhere, is the last wave of Reganism.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (14 . 10939)
|
||||
:ID: ee045ae8-02b5-4b8a-bfd2-395407c7e57c
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
America’s unstable form of government
|
||||
|
||||
The most powerful critique of America’s political system was published in 1990 by a Spanish political sociologist named Juan Linz.
|
||||
|
||||
Linz was an outsider to American politics and, more important, to its self-serving mythologies. Born in the Weimar Republic in 1927 and raised in Spain under the Francoist dictatorship, Linz both lived through and studied the circumstances in which political systems fail. The causes of collapse were often encoded in the architecture of the government: he showed that systems based around an independent president tended to dissolve, as conflicts between the executive and the legislature were often irresolvable, and irresolvable conflicts end in crisis and collapse.
|
||||
|
||||
But America’s political system posed a puzzle for Linz. As an outside observer, he was free from the quasi-religious reverence we afford our founding documents. He knew that the American political system had failed wherever else it had been tried. He knew that America itself was loath to impose its system on other nations—for all our nation-building adventurism, we never give any country developing into a democracy a system that works like ours. But he also knew that in America, the American political system had worked.
|
||||
|
||||
In 1990, in a paper entitled “The Perils of Presidentialism,” Linz explained why. The “vast majority of the stable democracies” in the world were parliamentary regimes, where whoever wins legislative power also wins executive power.9 America, however, was a presidential democracy: the president is elected separately from the Congress and can often be at odds with it. This system had been tried before. America, worryingly, was the only place where it had survived.
|
||||
|
||||
The problem is straightforward. In parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the leader of the coalition that controls the legislature. If that coalition loses an election, it loses power. But at any given moment, only one party or coalition holds power. In presidential systems, by contrast, one party can control the legislature and another can control the presidency. Both parties, then, have a claim to democratic legitimacy. “Under such circumstances,” asked Linz, “who has the stronger claim to speak on behalf of the people: the president or the legislative majority that opposes his policies?”
|
||||
|
||||
It gets worse. What happens when the majorities that the president and the Congress represent are different majorities, who voted at different times and through different methods? Linz noted that presidents tend to be elected by voters but legislatures tend to reflect geography, with small towns and rural areas given outsized power. It’s hard enough resolving a democratic disagreement that plays out among a single electorate. What do you do when you’re facing a disagreement that reflects different kinds of electorates?
|
||||
|
||||
It’s a question with no answer. In general, we assume a system like this encourages compromise, and that’s true, when the competing political coalitions are open to compromise. But a system like this can also encourage crisis—crises where, in other countries, “the armed forces were often tempted to intervene as a mediating power.”10
|
||||
|
||||
This is why there are no long-standing presidential democracies save for the United States. And it’s why America doesn’t impose its specific form of government on others. “Think about Germany, Japan, Italy, and Austria,” wrote Vox’s Matt Yglesias.
|
||||
|
||||
These are countries that were defeated by American military forces during the Second World War and given constitutions written by local leaders operating in close collaboration with occupation authorities. It’s striking that even though the US Constitution is treated as a sacred text in America’s political culture, we did not push any of these countries to adopt our basic framework of government.11
|
||||
|
||||
Linz admitted that he couldn’t fully answer the question of why America was different. He suspected that “the uniquely diffuse character of American political parties—which, ironically, exasperates many American political scientists and leads them to call for responsible, ideologically disciplined parties—has something to do with it.” Whatever the explanation, Linz continued, “the American case seems to be an exception; the development of modern political parties, particularly in socially and ideologically polarized countries, generally exacerbates, rather than moderates, conflicts between the legislative and the executive.”12
|
||||
|
||||
Linz was writing in 1990, when America’s political parties were far more exceptional, far more mixed and moderated, than they are today. But what read in 1990 like an explanation of what made America’s political system different now reads like an analysis of why America’s system is in crisis. The Garland affair is a perfect example. For all the fury over McConnell’s behavior, what, exactly, did he do wrong?
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
528
6_areas/books/You Are Not a Gadget - Jaron Lanier.org
Normal file
528
6_areas/books/You Are Not a Gadget - Jaron Lanier.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
|
||||
* You Are Not a Gadget - Jaron Lanier
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_DOCUMENT: ../../../library/books/Jaron Lanier/You Are Not a Gadget (12103)/You Are Not a Gadget - Jaron Lanier.epub
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** The tyrrany of Microsoft and Apple can now be dismanteled because AI promises a possible end to the knowledge worker, either in bureacracies or in the creative domain
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (7 . 659)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Standards and their inevitable lack of prescience posed a nuisance before computers, of course. Railroad gauges—the dimensions of the tracks—are one example. The London Tube was designed with narrow tracks and matching tunnels that, on several of the lines, cannot accommodate air-conditioning, because there is no room to ventilate the hot air from the trains. Thus, tens of thousands of modern-day residents in one of the world’s richest cities must suffer a stifling commute because of an inflexible design decision made more than one hundred years ago.
|
||||
|
||||
But software is worse than railroads, because it must always adhere with absolute perfection to a boundlessly particular, arbitrary, tangled, intractable messiness. The engineering requirements are so stringent and perverse that adapting to shifting standards can be an endless struggle. So while lock-in may be a gangster in the world of railroads, it is an absolute tyrant in the digital world.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (7 . 21020)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (7 . 21020)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
UNIX had files; the Mac as it shipped had files; Windows had files. Files are now part of life; we teach the idea
|
||||
of a file to computer science students as if it were part of nature. In fact, our conception of files may be more
|
||||
persistent than our ideas about nature. I can imagine that someday physicists might tell us that it is time to
|
||||
stop believing in photons, because they have discovered a better way to think about light—but the file will
|
||||
likely live on.
|
||||
|
||||
The file is a set of philosophical ideas made into eternal flesh. The ideas expressed by the file include the
|
||||
notion that human expression comes in severable chunks that can be organized as leaves on an abstract
|
||||
tree—and that the chunks have versions and need to be matched to compatible applications.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** This is mental masturbation. Information wants to be free because we want to be free
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (8 . 10383)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
You can think of culturally decodable information as a potential form of experience,
|
||||
very much as you can think of a brick resting on a ledge as storing potential energy.
|
||||
When the brick is prodded to fall, the energy is revealed. That is only possible
|
||||
because it was lifted into place at some point in the past.
|
||||
|
||||
In the same way, stored information might cause experience to be revealed if it is
|
||||
prodded in the right way. A file on a hard disk does indeed contain information of the
|
||||
kind that objectively exists. The fact that the bits are discernible instead of being
|
||||
scrambled into mush—the way heat scrambles things—is what makes them bits.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Notes for page (8 . 34493)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (8 . 34493)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
The new twist in Silicon Valley is that some people—very influential people—believe
|
||||
they are hearing algorithms and crowds and other internet-supported nonhuman
|
||||
entities speak for themselves. I don’t hear those voices, though—and I believe those
|
||||
who do are fooling themselves.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Democracy shouldn't be too fast. The recent change of heart France has during the general elections is but one example.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (9 . 28771)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
For instance, stock markets might adopt automatic trading shutoffs, which are
|
||||
triggered by overly abrupt shifts in price or trading volume. (In Chapter 6 I will tell how
|
||||
Silicon Valley ideologues recently played a role in convincing Wall Street that it could
|
||||
do without some of these checks on the crowd, with disastrous consequences.)
|
||||
|
||||
Wikipedia had to slap a crude low-pass filter on the jitteriest entries, such as
|
||||
“President George W. Bush.” There’s now a limit to how often a particular person can
|
||||
remove someone else’s text fragments. I suspect that these kinds of adjustments will
|
||||
eventually evolve into an approximate mirror of democracy as it was before the
|
||||
internet arrived.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Marxism was only held back by technology creating better jobs
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (11 . 2583)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Marx was all about technological change. Unfortunately, his approach to correcting
|
||||
inequities spawned an awful series of violent revolutions. He argued that the playing
|
||||
field should be leveled before the technologies of abundance mature. It has been
|
||||
repeatedly confirmed, however, that leveling a playing field with a Marxist revolution
|
||||
kills, dulls, or corrupts most of the people on the field. Even so, versions of his ideas
|
||||
continue to have enormous appeal for many, especially young people. Marx’s ideas
|
||||
still color utopian technological thinking, including many of the thoughts that appear
|
||||
to be libertarian on the surface. (I will examine stealth technomarxism later on.)
|
||||
|
||||
What has saved us from Marxism is simply that new technologies have in general
|
||||
created new jobs—and those jobs have generally been better than the old ones. They
|
||||
have been ever more elevated—more cerebral, creative, cultural, or strategic—than
|
||||
the jobs they replaced. A descendant of a Luddite who smashed looms might be
|
||||
programming robotic looms today.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Here, Lanier, like many, missed seeing the rise of AI before automation
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (13 . 902)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
China’s precipitous climb into wealth has been largely based on cheap, high-quality
|
||||
labor. But the real possibility exists that sometime in the next two decades a vast
|
||||
number of jobs in China and elsewhere will be made obsolete by advances in cheap
|
||||
robotics so quickly that it will be a cruel shock to hundreds of millions of people.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** This is a good critique of the open culture movement and the sitation with streaming services
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (14 . 16757)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
What Makes Liberty Different from Anarchy Is Biological Realism
|
||||
|
||||
The open culture crowd believes that human behavior can only be modified through
|
||||
involuntary means. This makes sense for them, because they aren’t great believers in
|
||||
free will or personhood.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, it is often claimed by open culture types that if you can’t make a perfect
|
||||
copy-protection technology, then copy prohibitions are pointless. And from a
|
||||
technological point of view, it is true that you can’t make a perfect copy-protection
|
||||
scheme. If flawless behavior restraints are the only potential influences on behavior in
|
||||
a case such as this, we might as well not ask anyone to ever pay for music or
|
||||
journalism again. According to this logic, the very idea is a lost cause.
|
||||
|
||||
But that’s an unrealistically pessimistic way of thinking about people. We have
|
||||
already demonstrated that we’re better than that. It’s easy to break into physical cars
|
||||
and houses, for instance, and yet few people do so. Locks are only amulets of
|
||||
inconvenience that remind us of a social contract we ultimately benefit from. It is only
|
||||
human choice that makes the human world function. Technology can motivate human
|
||||
choice, but not replace it.
|
||||
|
||||
I had an epiphany once that I wish I could stimulate in everyone else. The plausibility
|
||||
of our human world, the fact that the buildings don’t all fall down and you can eat
|
||||
unpoisoned food that someone grew, is immediate palpable evidence of an ocean of
|
||||
goodwill and good behavior from almost everyone, living or dead. We are bathed in
|
||||
what can be called love.
|
||||
|
||||
And yet that love shows itself best through the constraints of civilization, because
|
||||
those constraints compensate for the flaws of human nature. We must see ourselves
|
||||
honestly, and engage ourselves realistically, in order to become better.
|
||||
** Notes for page (17 . 10811)
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 10811)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
I well recall the birth of the free software movement, which preceded and inspired the
|
||||
open culture variant. It started out as an act of rage more than a quarter of a century
|
||||
ago.
|
||||
|
||||
Visualize, if you will, the most transcendently messy, hirsute, and otherwise eccentric
|
||||
pair of young nerds on the planet. They were in their early twenties. The scene was an
|
||||
uproariously messy hippie apartment in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the vicinity of
|
||||
MIT. I was one of these men; the other was Richard Stallman.
|
||||
|
||||
Why are so many of the more sophisticated examples of code in the online world—like
|
||||
the page-rank algorithms in the top search engines or like Adobe’s Flash—the results
|
||||
of proprietary development? Why did the adored iPhone come out of what many
|
||||
regard as the most closed, tyrannically managed software-development shop on
|
||||
Earth? An honest empiricist must conclude that while the open approach has been
|
||||
able to create lovely, polished copies, it hasn’t been so good at creating notable
|
||||
originals. Even though the open-source movement has a stinging countercultural
|
||||
rhetoric, it has in practice been a conservative force.
|
||||
|
||||
Stallman was distraught to the point of tears. He had poured his energies into a
|
||||
celebrated project to build a radically new kind of computer called the LISP machine.
|
||||
But it wasn’t just a regular computer running LISP, a programming language beloved
|
||||
by artificial intelligence researchers. * Instead, it was a machine patterned on LISP from
|
||||
the bottom up, making a radical statement about what computing could be like at
|
||||
every level, from the underlying architecture to the user interface. For a brief period,
|
||||
every hot computer science department had to own some of these refrigerator-size
|
||||
gadgets.
|
||||
|
||||
Eventually a company called Symbolics became the primary seller of LISP machines.
|
||||
Stallman realized that a whole experimental subculture of computer science risked
|
||||
being dragged into the toilet if anything bad happened to a little company like
|
||||
Symbolics—and of course everything bad happened to it in short order.
|
||||
|
||||
So Stallman hatched a plan. Never again would computer code, and the culture that
|
||||
grew up with it, be trapped inside a wall of commerce and legality. He would develop
|
||||
a free version of an ascendant, if rather dull, software tool: the UNIX operating
|
||||
system. That simple act would blast apart the idea that lawyers and companies could
|
||||
control software culture.
|
||||
|
||||
Eventually a young programmer of the next generation named Linus Torvalds followed
|
||||
in Stallman’s footsteps and did something similar, but using the popular Intel chips. In
|
||||
1991 that effort yielded Linux, the basis for a vastly expanded free software
|
||||
movement.
|
||||
|
||||
But back to that dingy bachelor pad near MIT. When Stallman told me his plan, I was
|
||||
intrigued but sad. I thought that code was important in more ways than politics can
|
||||
ever be. If politically motivated code was going to amount to endless replays of
|
||||
relatively dull stuff like UNIX instead of bold projects like the LISP machine, what was
|
||||
the point? Would mere humans have enough energy to sustain both kinds of
|
||||
idealism?
|
||||
|
||||
Twenty-five years later, it seems clear that my concerns were justified. Open
|
||||
wisdom-of-crowds software movements have become influential, but they haven’t
|
||||
promoted the kind of radical creativity I love most in computer science. If anything,
|
||||
they’ve been hindrances. Some of the youngest, brightest minds have been trapped
|
||||
in a 1970s intellectual framework because they are hypnotized into accepting old
|
||||
software designs as if they were facts of nature. Linux is a superbly polished copy of
|
||||
an antique—shinier than the original, perhaps, but still defined by it.
|
||||
|
||||
I’m not anti-open source. I frequently argue for it in various specific projects. But the
|
||||
politically correct dogma that holds that open source is automatically the best path to
|
||||
creativity and innovation is not borne out by the facts.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** No new music since the late 1990s
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 21512)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Where is the new music? Everything is retro, retro, retro.
|
||||
|
||||
Music is everywhere, but hidden, as indicated by tiny white prairie dog-like
|
||||
protuberances popping out of everyone’s ears. I am used to seeing people making
|
||||
embarrassingly sexual faces and moaning noises when listening to music on
|
||||
headphones, so it’s taken me a while to get used to the stone faces of the earbud
|
||||
listeners in the coffeehouse.
|
||||
|
||||
Beating within the retro indie band that wouldn’t have sounded out of place even
|
||||
when I was a teenager there might be some exotic heart, some layer of energy I’m
|
||||
not hearing. Of course, I can’t know my own limits. I can’t know what I am not able to
|
||||
hear.
|
||||
|
||||
But I have been trying an experiment. Whenever I’m around “Face-book generation”
|
||||
people and there’s music playing—probably selected by an artificial intelligence or
|
||||
crowd-based algorithm, as per the current fashion—I ask them a simple question: Can
|
||||
you tell in what decade the music that is playing right now was made? Even listeners
|
||||
who are not particularly music oriented can do pretty well with this question—but only
|
||||
for certain decades.
|
||||
|
||||
Everyone knows that gangster rap didn’t exist yet in the 1960s, for instance. And
|
||||
that heavy metal didn’t exist in the 1940s. Sure, there’s an occasional track that
|
||||
sounds as if it’s from an earlier era. Maybe a big-band track recorded in the 1990s
|
||||
might be mistaken for an older recording, for instance.
|
||||
|
||||
But a decade was always a long time in the development of musical style during the
|
||||
first century of audio recording. A decade gets you from Robert Johnson’s primordial
|
||||
blues recordings to Charlie Parker’s intensely modernist jazz recordings. A decade
|
||||
gets you from the reign of big bands to the reign of rock and roll. Approximately a
|
||||
decade separated the last Beatles record from the first big-time hip-hop records. In all
|
||||
these examples, it is inconceivable that the later offering could have appeared at the
|
||||
time of the earlier one. I can’t find a decade span in the first century of recorded
|
||||
music that didn’t involve extreme stylistic evolution, obvious to listeners of all kinds.
|
||||
|
||||
We’re not just talking about surface features of the music, but the very idea of what
|
||||
music was all about, how it fit into life. Does it convey classiness and confidence, like
|
||||
Frank Sinatra, or help you drop out, like stoner rock? Is it for a dance floor or a dorm
|
||||
room?
|
||||
|
||||
There are new styles of music, of course, but they are new only on the basis of
|
||||
technicalities. For instance, there’s an elaborate nomenclature for species of similar
|
||||
electronic beat styles (involving all the possible concatenations of terms like dub,
|
||||
house, trance, and so on), and if you learn the details of the nomenclature, you can
|
||||
more or less date and place a track. This is more of a nerd exercise than a musical
|
||||
one—and I realize that in saying that I’m making a judgment that perhaps I don’t
|
||||
have a right to make. But does anyone really disagree?
|
||||
|
||||
I have frequently gone through a conversational sequence along the following lines:
|
||||
Someone in his early twenties will tell me I don’t know what I’m talking about, and
|
||||
then I’ll challenge that person to play me some music that is characteristic of the late
|
||||
2000s as opposed to the late 1990s. I’ll ask him to play the tracks for his friends. So
|
||||
far, my theory has held: even true fans don’t seem to be able to tell if an indie rock
|
||||
track or a dance mix is from 1998 or 2008, for instance.
|
||||
|
||||
I’m obviously not claiming that there has been no new music in the world. And I’m
|
||||
not claiming that all the retro music is disappointing. There are some wonderful
|
||||
musicians in the retro mold, treating old pop music styles as a new kind of classical
|
||||
music and doing so marvelously well.
|
||||
|
||||
But I am saying that this kind of work is more nostalgic than reaching. Since genuine
|
||||
human experiences are forever unique, pop music of a new era that lacks novelty
|
||||
raises my suspicions that it also lacks authenticity.
|
||||
|
||||
There are creative, original musicians at work today, of course. (I hope that on my
|
||||
best days I am one of them.) There are undoubtedly musical marvels hidden around
|
||||
the world. But this is the first time since electrification that mainstream youth culture
|
||||
in the industrialized world has cloaked itself primarily in nostalgic styles.
|
||||
|
||||
I am hesitant to share my observations for fear of hexing someone’s potentially good
|
||||
online experience. If you are having a great time with music in the online world as it
|
||||
is, don’t listen to me. But in terms of the big picture, I fear I am onto something.
|
||||
What of it? Some of my colleagues in the digital revolution argue that we should be
|
||||
more patient; certainly with enough time, culture will reinvent itself. But how patient
|
||||
should we be? I find that I am not willing to ignore a dark age.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Ouch. This must have hurt them.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (17 . 22580)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Digital Culture That Isn’t Retro Is Still Based in a Retro Economy
|
||||
|
||||
Even the most seemingly radical online enthusiasts seem to always flock to retro
|
||||
references. The sort of “fresh, radical culture” you expect to see celebrated in the
|
||||
online world these days is a petty mashup of preweb culture.
|
||||
|
||||
Take a look at one of the big cultural blogs like Boing Boing, or the endless stream of
|
||||
mashups that appear on YouTube. It’s as if culture froze just before it became digitally
|
||||
open, and all we can do now is mine the past like salvagers picking over a garbage
|
||||
dump.
|
||||
|
||||
This is embarrassing. The whole point of connected media technologies was that we
|
||||
were supposed to come up with new, amazing cultural expression. No, more than
|
||||
that—we were supposed to invent better fundamental types of expression: not just
|
||||
movies, but interactive virtual worlds; not just games, but simulations with moral and
|
||||
aesthetic profundity. That’s why I was criticizing the old way of doing things.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** This section on the evolution of smell and the cerebral cortex is fascinating
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (22 . 10794)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
So now we are starting to have theories—or at least are able to tell detailed
|
||||
stories—about how a brain might be able to recognize features of its world, such as a
|
||||
smile. But mouths do more than smile. Is there a way to extend our story to explain
|
||||
what a word is, and how a brain can know a word?
|
||||
|
||||
It turns out that the best way to consider that question might be to consider a
|
||||
completely different sensory domain. Instead of sights or sounds, we might best start
|
||||
by considering the odors detected by a human nose.
|
||||
|
||||
For twenty years or so I gave a lecture introducing the fundamentals of virtual reality.
|
||||
I’d review the basics of vision and hearing as well as of touch and taste. At the end,
|
||||
the questions would begin, and one of the first ones was usually about smell: Will we
|
||||
have smells in virtual reality machines anytime soon?
|
||||
|
||||
Maybe, but probably just a few. Odors are fundamentally different from images or
|
||||
sounds. The latter can be broken down into primary components that are relatively
|
||||
straightforward for computers—and the brain—to process. The visible colors are
|
||||
merely words for different wavelengths of light. Every sound wave is actually
|
||||
composed of numerous sine waves, each of which can be easily described
|
||||
mathematically. Each one is like a particular size of bump in the corduroy roads of my
|
||||
childhood.
|
||||
|
||||
In other words, both colors and sounds can be described with just a few numbers; a
|
||||
wide spectrum of colors and tones is described by the interpolations between those
|
||||
numbers. The human retina need be sensitive to only a few wavelengths, or colors, in
|
||||
order for our brains to process all the intermediate ones. Computer graphics work
|
||||
similarly: a screen of pixels, each capable of reproducing red, green, or blue, can
|
||||
produce approximately all the colors that the human eye can see. * A music
|
||||
synthesizer can be thought of as generating a lot of sine waves, then layering them to
|
||||
create an array of sounds.
|
||||
|
||||
Odors are completely different, as is the brain’s method of sensing them. Deep in the
|
||||
nasal passage, shrouded by a mucous membrane, sits a patch of tissue—the olfactory
|
||||
epithelium—studded with neurons that detect chemicals. Each of these neurons has
|
||||
cup-shaped proteins called olfactory receptors. When a particular molecule happens to
|
||||
fall into a matching receptor, a neural signal is triggered that is transmitted to the
|
||||
brain as an odor. A molecule too large to fit into one of the receptors has no odor. The
|
||||
number of distinct odors is limited only by the number of olfactory receptors capable
|
||||
of interacting with them. Linda Buck of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
|
||||
and Richard Axel of Columbia University, winners of the 2004 Nobel Prize in
|
||||
Physiology or Medicine, have found that the human nose contains about one
|
||||
thousand different types of olfactory neurons, each type able to detect a particular
|
||||
set of chemicals.
|
||||
|
||||
This adds up to a profound difference in the underlying structure of the senses—a
|
||||
difference that gives rise to compelling questions about the way we think, and
|
||||
perhaps even about the origins of language. There is no way to interpolate between
|
||||
two smell molecules. True, odors can be mixed together to form millions of scents.
|
||||
But the world’s smells can’t be broken down into just a few numbers on a gradient;
|
||||
there is no “smell pixel.” Think of it this way: colors and sounds can be measured with
|
||||
rulers, but odors must be looked up in a dictionary.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s a shame, from the point of view of a virtual reality technologist. There are
|
||||
thousands of fundamental odors, far more than the handful of primary colors. Perhaps
|
||||
someday we will be able to wire up a person’s brain in order to create the illusion of
|
||||
smell. But it would take a lot of wires to address all those entries in the mental smell
|
||||
dictionary. Then again, the brain must have some way of organizing all those odors.
|
||||
Maybe at some level smells do fit into a pattern. Maybe there’s a smell pixel after all.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** On the connection between swearing and smell
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (22 . 18666)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Lngwidge iz a straynge thingee. You can probably read that sentence without much
|
||||
trouble. Sentence also not this time hard.
|
||||
|
||||
You can screw around quite a bit with both spelling and word order and still be
|
||||
understood. This shouldn’t be surprising: language is flexible enough to evolve into
|
||||
new slang, dialects, and entirely new tongues.
|
||||
|
||||
In the 1960s, many early computer scientists postulated that human language was a
|
||||
type of code that could be written down in a neat, compact way, so there was a race
|
||||
to crack that code. If it could be deciphered, then a computer ought to be able to
|
||||
speak with people! That end result turned out to be extremely difficult to achieve.
|
||||
Automatic language translation, for instance, never really took off.
|
||||
|
||||
In the first decade of the twenty-first century, computers have gotten so powerful that
|
||||
it has become possible to shift methods. A program can look for correlations in large
|
||||
amounts of text. Even if it isn’t possible to capture all the language variations that
|
||||
might appear in the real world (such as the above oddities I used as examples), a
|
||||
sufficiently huge number of correlations eventually yields results.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, suppose you have a lot of text in two languages, such as Chinese and
|
||||
English. If you start searching for sequences of letters or characters that appear in
|
||||
each text under similar circumstances, you can start to build a dictionary of
|
||||
correlations. That can produce significant results, even if the correlations don’t always
|
||||
fit perfectly into a rigid organizing principle, such as a grammar.
|
||||
|
||||
Such brute-force approaches to language translation have been demonstrated by
|
||||
companies like Meaningful Machines, where I was an adviser for a while, and more
|
||||
recently by Google and others. They can be incredibly inefficient, often involving ten
|
||||
thousand times as much computation as older methods—but we have big enough
|
||||
computers in the clouds these days, so why not put them to work?
|
||||
|
||||
Set loose on the internet, such a project could begin to erase language barriers. Even
|
||||
though automatic language translation is unlikely to become as good as what a
|
||||
human translator can do anytime soon, it might get good enough—perhaps not too
|
||||
far in the future—to make countries and cultures more transparent to one another.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** and in humans too, perhaps
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (22 . 18666)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
These experiments in linguistic variety could also inspire a better understanding of
|
||||
how language came about in the first place. One of Charles Darwin’s most compelling
|
||||
evolutionary speculations was that music might have preceded language. He was
|
||||
intrigued by the fact that many species use song for sexual display and wondered if
|
||||
human vocalizations might have started out that way too. It might follow, then, that
|
||||
vocalizations could have become varied and complex only later, perhaps when song
|
||||
came to represent actions beyond mating and such basics of survival.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** It has recently taken Apple and entire software development cycle to produce a new set of icons.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (24 . 5213)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
For instance, the user interface to search engines is still based on the command line
|
||||
interface, with which the user must construct logical phrases using symbols such as
|
||||
dashes and quotes. That’s how personal computers used to be, but it took less than a
|
||||
decade to get from the Apple II to the Macintosh. By contrast, it’s been well over a
|
||||
decade since network-based search services appeared, and they are still trapped in
|
||||
the command line era. At this rate, by 2020, we can expect software development to
|
||||
have slowed to a near stasis, like a clock approaching a black hole.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
** Cefelopods should rule the world, except they are born alone and live alone. They don't have transmitted culture
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:NOTER_PAGE: (24 . 23915)
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||||
Remember the computer graphics in the movie Terminator 2 that made it possible for
|
||||
the evil terminator to assume the form and visage of any person it encountered?
|
||||
Morphing—the on-screen transformation—violated the unwritten rules of what was
|
||||
allegedly possible to be seen, and in doing so provided a deep, wrenching pleasure
|
||||
somewhere in the back of the viewer’s brain. You could almost feel your neural
|
||||
machinery breaking apart and being glued back together.
|
||||
|
||||
Unfortunately, the effect has become a cliché. Nowadays, when you watch a television
|
||||
ad or a science fiction movie, an inner voice says, “Ho hum, just another morph.”
|
||||
However, there’s a video clip that I often show students and friends to remind them,
|
||||
and myself, of the transportive effects of anatomical transformation. This video is so
|
||||
shocking that most viewers can’t process it the first time they see it—so they ask to
|
||||
see it again and again and again, until their mind has expanded enough to take it in.
|
||||
|
||||
The video was shot in 1997 by Roger Hanlon while he was scuba diving off Grand
|
||||
Cayman Island. Roger is a researcher at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods
|
||||
Hole; his specialty is the study of cephalopods, a family of sea creatures that include
|
||||
octopuses, squids, and cuttlefishes. The video is shot from Roger’s point of view as he
|
||||
swims up to examine an unremarkable rock covered in swaying algae.
|
||||
|
||||
Suddenly, astonishingly, one-third of the rock and a tangled mass of algae morphs
|
||||
and reveals itself for what it really is: the waving arms of a bright white octopus. Its
|
||||
cover blown, the creature squirts ink at Roger and shoots off into the
|
||||
distance—leaving Roger, and the video viewer, slack-jawed.
|
||||
|
||||
The star of this video, Octopus vulgaris, is one of a number of cephalopod species
|
||||
capable of morphing, including the mimic octopus and the giant Australian cuttlefish.
|
||||
The trick is so weird that one day I tagged along with Roger on one of his research
|
||||
voyages, just to make sure he wasn’t faking it with fancy computer graphics tricks. By
|
||||
then, I was hooked on cephalopods. My friends have had to adjust to my obsession;
|
||||
they’ve grown accustomed to my effusive rants about these creatures. As far as I’m
|
||||
concerned, cephalopods are the strangest smart creatures on Earth. They offer the
|
||||
best standing example of how truly different intelligent extraterrestrials (if they exist)
|
||||
might be from us, and they taunt us with clues about potential futures for our own
|
||||
species.
|
||||
|
||||
The raw brainpower of cephalopods seems to have more potential than the
|
||||
mammalian brain. Cephalopods can do all sorts of things, like think in 3-D and
|
||||
morph, which would be fabulous innate skills in a high-tech future. Tentacle-eye
|
||||
coordination ought to easily be a match for hand-eye coordination. From the point of
|
||||
view of body and brain, cephalopods are primed to evolve into the
|
||||
high-tech-tool-building overlords. By all rights, cephalopods should be running the
|
||||
show and we should be their pets.
|
||||
|
||||
What we have that they don’t have is neoteny. Our secret weapon is childhood.
|
||||
|
||||
Baby cephalopods must make their way on their own from the moment of birth. In
|
||||
fact, some of them have been observed reacting to the world seen through their
|
||||
transparent eggs before they are born, based only on instinct. If people are at one
|
||||
extreme in a spectrum of neoteny, cephalopods are at the other.
|
||||
|
||||
Cephalopod males often do not live long after mating. There is no concept of
|
||||
parenting. While individual cephalopods can learn a great deal within a lifetime, they
|
||||
pass on nothing to future generations. Each generation begins afresh, a blank slate,
|
||||
taking in the strange world without guidance other than instincts bred into their
|
||||
genes.
|
||||
|
||||
If cephalopods had childhood, surely they would be running the Earth. This can be
|
||||
expressed in an equation, the only one I’ll present in this book:
|
||||
|
||||
Cephalopods + Childhood = Humans + Virtual Reality
|
||||
|
||||
Morphing in cephalopods works somewhat similarly to how it does in computer
|
||||
graphics. Two components are involved: a change in the image or texture visible on a
|
||||
shape’s surface, and a change in the underlying shape itself. The “pixels” in the skin
|
||||
of a cephalopod are organs called chromatophores. These can expand and contract
|
||||
quickly, and each is filled with a pigment of a particular color. When a nerve signal
|
||||
causes a red chromatophore to expand, the “pixel” turns red. A pattern of nerve
|
||||
firings causes a shifting image—an animation—to appear on the cephalopod’s skin. As
|
||||
for shapes, an octopus can quickly arrange its arms to form a wide variety of forms,
|
||||
such as a fish or a piece of coral, and can even raise welts on its skin to add texture.
|
||||
|
||||
Why morph? One reason is camouflage. (The octopus in the video is presumably
|
||||
trying to hide from Roger.) Another is dinner. One of Roger’s video clips shows a giant
|
||||
cuttlefish pursuing a crab. The cuttlefish is mostly soft-bodied; the crab is all armor.
|
||||
As the cuttlefish approaches, the medieval-looking crab snaps into a macho posture,
|
||||
waving its sharp claws at its foe’s vulnerable body.
|
||||
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
* This principle has even been demonstrated in dogs and monkeys. When Dr.
|
||||
Friederike Range of the University of Vienna allowed dogs in a test to see other dogs
|
||||
receive better rewards, jealousy ensued. Dogs demand equal treatment in order to be
|
||||
trained well. Frans de Waal at Emory University found similar results in experiments
|
||||
with capuchin monkeys.
|
||||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 6312808b-3905-4a6d-b82c-14e8f90d4671
|
||||
:CREATED: [2017-11-04 Sat 20:37]
|
||||
:MODIFIED: [2017-11-04 Sat 21:47]
|
||||
:IMPORTED: [2023-02-08 Wed 19:22]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: القمع في مصر لم يساعد في الحرب ضد الإرهاب
|
||||
#+author: Nancy Okail
|
||||
|
||||
كتبته نانسي عقيل و عمرو قطب
|
||||
|
||||
الرئيس عبد الفتاح السيسي يؤدي التحية العسكرية أثناء تفقده القوات مع وزير الدفاع صدقي صبحي في السويس، مصر، يوم 29 أكتوبر. أجرت مصر تغييرات كبيرة في قياداتها الأمنية يوم السبت في رد فعل واضح على فخ نصبه مقاتلون خارج القاهرة قبلها بأسبوع و نتج عنه مقتل ما لا يقل عن 16 من عناصر الأمن (وكالة أنباء الشرق الأوسط عن أسوشيتيد برس).
|
||||
|
||||
نانسي عقيل هي المدير التنفيذي لمعهد التحرير لسياسات الشرق الأوسط. عمرو قطب هو مدير المناصرة في معهد التحرير لسياسات الشرق الأوسط.
|
||||
|
||||
روعتنا الجمعة الماضية الأنباء الصادرة عن جماعية غير معروفة حتى تاريخه تسمي نفسها "أنصار الإسلام". أعلنت الجماعة بفخر أنها المسؤولة عن الهجوم الفاجع منذ أسبوعين على قوات الأمن في الصحراء غرب القاهرة، و الذي أسفر عن مقتل ستة عشر شرطيا.
|
||||
|
||||
و برغم قلة المعروف عن الجماعة التي ارتكبت الهجوم أو عن الرقم الحقيقي للخسارة في الأرواح المصرية، فإن تفصيلة وحيدة ظهرت بوضوح: لقد منيت الحكومة المصرية بخسارة مخجلة.
|
||||
|
||||
تبع الهجوم تغيير غير مسبوق هو الآخر في قمة القيادات الأمنية، و الذي شمل ضمن ما شمل رفد محمود حجازي رئيس أركان القوات المسلحة. جاءت الحركة جزءا من تغيير أكبر في قيادات الأمن شمل رفد 11 شخصا، من أهمهم قيادتي مباحث الأمن الوطني و وحدة العمليات الخاصة في قوات الأمن المركزي، و هما المسؤولان عن الإدارتين اللتين سقط أعضاءهما ضحايا جراء الهجوم الإرهابي في الصحراء الغربية.
|
||||
|
||||
يسعى الرئيس عبد الفتاح السيسي، تماما كمن سلفه من الرؤساء، لتناول أعراض الإرهاب بدلا من أسبابه. فتكتيكات الأرض المحروقة، مثل إقامة مناطق عازلة، و فرض حالة الطوارئ و حظر التجوال و التعدي على حقوق الإنسان بما يشمل القتل خارج إطار القانون و التعذيب، سمحت كلها للحكومة باستغلال ما يسمى بالحرب على الإرهاب بغرض قمع المعارضة، الأمر الذي يؤدي بدوره إلى تغذية العنف المتطرف على المدى الطويل.
|
||||
|
||||
عشية الهجوم المرعب يوم أحد الزعف على كنيستين قبطيتين في الإسكندرية و طنطا في مصر في أبريل الماضي، أعلن السيسي حالة الطوارئ في عموم البلاد. تعطي حالة الطوارئ، التي جددت مؤخرا، الحكومة السلطة أن تتخذ إجراءات ضد المشتبه بتورطهم في الإرهاب دون إذن قضائي و أن تراقب الإعلام بهدف تحقيق الأمن أثناء الأزمات. حتى لو قبلنا حجة الحكومة أن الإجراءات ضرورية، فإن هذه الاستراتيجية ثبت فشلها في محاربة الإرهاب.
|
||||
|
||||
زاد الإرهاب في مصر منذ إعلان حالة الطوارئ حتى وصل عدد القتلى بين أفراد الأمن و المدنيين إلى 36 و 32 على الترتيب قتلوا في 19 هجوم إرهابي في طول البلاد (باستثناء شمال سيناء). ففي شمال سيناء وحدها، و التي تشهد استمرار حالة الطوارئ منذ 2014، وصل عدد القتلى من أفراد الأمن و المدنيين من بداية 2017 و حتى الآن 92 و 25 على الترتيب قتلوا في أكثر من 100 هجوم إرهابي. تحولت سجون مصر، و التي يشكل المحبوسين لأسباب سياسية نحو 60 في المئة من نزلاءها، إلى حاضنات للتطرف.
|
||||
|
||||
و في غضون ذلك، تسكت الحكومة أية أصوات تحاول مساءلتها. يخرس قانون مكافحة الإرهاب الساري الإعلام، و يجرم قدرته على تقديم أرقام تختلف عن أرقام الدولة، و يؤدي إلى غموض يسمح للمقاتلين أن يسيطرو على سردية الوضع الأمني.
|
||||
|
||||
حرب مصر ضد الإرهاب تتخبط حتى أثناء تلقيها بلايين الدولارات من المعونة الأمنية و التعاون و صفقات السلاح. تستمر الولايات المتحدة في توفير معونة خارجية عسكرية تبلغ قيمتها 1.3 بليون دولار لمصر كل عام، بينما رفع الشركاء الأوروبيون هم كذلك الدعم و التعاون الأمنيين المقدمين إلى مصر منذ 2014 شاملا توقيعا فرنسيا على عدة اتفاقات قدرت ب2.26 بليون دولار في أبريل 2016 نظير حاملة طائرات و سفن حربية و سواتل اتصالات عسكرية.
|
||||
|
||||
و بالرغم من ذلك، فإن كل هذا لن يجلب إلا القليل في السعي نحو تحقيق الأمن و الاستقرار و الحفاظ عليهما طالما استمرت الحكومة في مسلكها الحالي. إن أكثر ما يثير القلق هو تأثير هذه الاستراتيجية الأمنية القمعية غير المتناسب على شباب مصر المحبط، حيث يقبع الكثير منهم في السجون معرضين لخطر التطرف، بينما يترك آخرون باختيارات أقل للتعبير عن معارضتهم، و أمل ضئيل لمستقبل في بلد يحوم فيه معدل بطالة الشباب فوق ال40 في المائة.
|
||||
|
||||
بالرغم من أن رفد كبار المسؤولين غير المتوقع بعد الهجوم الأخير قد يبدو كخطوة نحو إصلاح القطاع الأمني و محاسبته، إلا أنه في الواقع ليس إلا تجميل لوجهه. إن العمليات الثأرية ضمن مجهود مكافحة الإرهاب--كتلك التي أعلنت عنها القوات المسلحة بعد أيام قلائل، دمرت ثلاثة عربات مصفحة في الصحراء الغربية و قتلت "عددا كبيرا" من الإرهابيين و حررت رهينة أسر خلال الهجوم السابق--هي أيضا غير كافية طالما تجنبت الإصلاح الحقيقي، و الذي يتطلب مراجعة جذرية لكامل مقاربة القطاع الأمني المصري و سلوكه. ينبغي أن تلتزم الحكومة بسيادة القانون، و تنهي التعديات على حقوق الإنسان، و تفتح قنوات الانخراط السلمي أمام المصريين. إن درب مصر نحو الاستقرار لا ينبغي أن يكون خاليا من كافة أشكال المعارضة: بل بالعكس، هو درب يتطلب نقدا قيما و إصلاحا يوحد الكل ضد الإرهاب، عدو الأغلبية الساحقة من المصريين.
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/Mostafa Hussein.org~
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/Mostafa Hussein.org~
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: d8ab8b36-da86-472e-af34-98a1be118871
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+TITLE: Mostafa Hussein
|
||||
#+DATE: [2023-08-02 Wed 00:39]
|
||||
|
||||
5
6_areas/people/test.org
Normal file
5
6_areas/people/test.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 0fd5014b-2d49-4a7d-8a80-243889fcf4a1
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+TITLE: test
|
||||
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/آدم نور الدين.org
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/آدم نور الدين.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: ea252acc-fa07-40f5-be05-72f63d818929
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Adam Noureldin"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+TITLE: آدم نور الدين
|
||||
|
||||
13
6_areas/people/أحمد رجب.org
Normal file
13
6_areas/people/أحمد رجب.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 4917add1-0ddb-45b6-b5cf-3d045669be83
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Ahmed Ragab"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: أحمد رجب
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people
|
||||
** [2013-06-25] Ahmed Ragab in Mosireen
|
||||
|
||||
Blogs leaking to papers:
|
||||
|
||||
ملصقات عمر سليمان. أمن الدولة أعدمت 50 ألف نسخة. مجدي الجلاد لم يجرؤ. أحمد رجب كتب دا عن تويتر، و اتحول للتحقيق، لكن الخبر تسرب عنه إلى الصحف.
|
||||
|
||||
سناء سيف: جورنال كان بيوزع 25 ألف نسخة، عن طريق محلات العصير و بياعين الجرائد، و سمكري
|
||||
271
6_areas/people/أحمد غربية.org
Normal file
271
6_areas/people/أحمد غربية.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 925723d2-cecd-4697-a8a0-790d92f03bfe
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Ahmad Gharbeia"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: أحمد غربية
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people
|
||||
|
||||
** Ahmad FF add-ons
|
||||
|
||||
| Name | Version | Enabled |
|
||||
|-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+---------|
|
||||
| AdNauseam | 3.7.101 | |
|
||||
| Anchors Reveal | 1.0 | true |
|
||||
| Archiveror | 0.11 | true |
|
||||
| Auto Tab Discard | 0.2.8 | true |
|
||||
| BibSonomy Buttons | 1.10.1 | true |
|
||||
| Containerise | 2.5.0 | true |
|
||||
| Cookie AutoDelete | 2.2.0 | true |
|
||||
| Cookie Manager | 1.4 | true |
|
||||
| DataScrapper | 0.0.5 | true |
|
||||
| Decentraleyes | 2.0.7 | true |
|
||||
| devtools-highlighter | 1.2.0 | true |
|
||||
| Diigo Web Collector - Capture and Annotate | 6.0.0.4 | true |
|
||||
| Fast Image Research | 1.47 | true |
|
||||
| Firefox Lightbeam | 2.1.0 | true |
|
||||
| Firefox Multi-Account Containers | 6.0.0 | true |
|
||||
| Forget Me Not - Forget cookies & other data | 1.0.5 | true |
|
||||
| Foxy Gestures | 1.2.2 | true |
|
||||
| FoxyProxy Standard | 6.3 | true |
|
||||
| History in Threads - Webextension | 2.2 | true |
|
||||
| History Zebra | 0.1.2 | true |
|
||||
| JavaScript Toggle On and Off | 0.2.2 | true |
|
||||
| Link Status Redux | 3.5 | true |
|
||||
| Load Progress Bar | 0.9 | true |
|
||||
| Min Vid | 0.4.9 | true |
|
||||
| NextPage | 1.0 | true |
|
||||
| No Coin - Block miners on the web! | 0.4.14 | true |
|
||||
| NoMiner - Block Coin Miners | 0.1.1 | true |
|
||||
| Nuke Anything | 2.4 | true |
|
||||
| Page Screenshot | 0.1.0 | true |
|
||||
| Parent Path | 0.2.4 | true |
|
||||
| PassFF | 1.5.1 | true |
|
||||
| Password Toggler - view typed passwords | 1.2 | true |
|
||||
| Print Edit WE | 23.1 | true |
|
||||
| Privacy Badger | 2018.8.22 | true |
|
||||
| Privacy Enhanced Mode for Embedded YouTube | 1.1.0 | true |
|
||||
| Quick JS Switcher | 1.2.1 | true |
|
||||
| Redirector | 3.2.1 | true |
|
||||
| RetroTxt | 2.5.16 | true |
|
||||
| Save Page WE | 12.1 | true |
|
||||
| Side View | 0.4.3710 | true |
|
||||
| snoozetabs | 1.0.20 | true |
|
||||
| Test Pilot | 3.0.5vfed9863 | true |
|
||||
| TrackMeNot | 0.10.41 | true |
|
||||
| About Sync | 0.0.50 | false |
|
||||
| Add to Search Bar | 2.9 | false |
|
||||
| Advanced Locationbar | 1.1.4 | false |
|
||||
| All-in-One Sidebar | 0.7.31.1 | false |
|
||||
| Amazon Assistant for Firefox | 10.1805.2.1019 | false |
|
||||
| Annota | 0.9.0 | false |
|
||||
| Automatic Save Folder | 1.0.4.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Awesome Screenshot - Capture, Annotate & More | 3.0.21 | false |
|
||||
| Clear History by Threads | 0.4.2 | false |
|
||||
| CNRI Handle Extension for Firefox | 2.4.2 | false |
|
||||
| Console² | 0.9.1-signed.1-let-fixed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Copy RDFa metadata | 0.4.3.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Cryptext | 2.0 | false |
|
||||
| Download all Images | 0.3.9 | false |
|
||||
| Edit Source | 1.0.1.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Enhancer for YouTube™ | 2.0.73 | false |
|
||||
| Enigform | 0.8.3.1.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| EPUBReader | 2.0.5 | false |
|
||||
| ErrorZilla Plus | 1.2.4.2 | false |
|
||||
| ExportToCSV | 1.2.b1.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Firefox Notes | 4.2.0 | false |
|
||||
| Firesizer | 1.7.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| FoxySpider | 1.5.6.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| FoxyTab | 2.11 | false |
|
||||
| Gesturefy | 2.0.3 | false |
|
||||
| GNU Taler Wallet | 0.6.60 | false |
|
||||
| Grab and Drag | 3.2.9.9.1 | false |
|
||||
| Greasemonkey | 4.7 | false |
|
||||
| HackTheWeb | 1.3.20.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| HDS Link Detector | 0.7.2 | false |
|
||||
| Header Editor | 3.0.8 | false |
|
||||
| History Master | 2.1.1 | false |
|
||||
| HTML Regex Data Extractor | 0.6.1.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| IPFS Companion | 2.5.0 | false |
|
||||
| JSON Lite | 18.2.0 | false |
|
||||
| JSONovich | 2.1.2 | false |
|
||||
| Link Cleaner | 1.5 | false |
|
||||
| Mailvelope | 2.2.2 | false |
|
||||
| Media Player | 0.1.4 | false |
|
||||
| MEGA | 3.40.2 | false |
|
||||
| Modify Header Value (HTTP Headers) | 0.1.5 | false |
|
||||
| Monkeysphere | 0.8.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Mozilla Archive Format | 5.2.0 | false |
|
||||
| Norwell History Tools | 3.1.0.2.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Offline Switch | 0.6.4 | false |
|
||||
| Open With | 7.1 | false |
|
||||
| OpenLink Data Explorer | 2.3.0.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| OpenLink Structured Data Sniffer | 2.16.10 | false |
|
||||
| Operator | 0.9.5.6.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| pCloud Save | 1.2.7 | false |
|
||||
| Pure URL | 1.3.0a | false |
|
||||
| QuickFrame | 0.5.2.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| QuickJava | 2.1.2 | false |
|
||||
| RefControl | 0.8.17.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Referrer Switch | 0.3 | false |
|
||||
| Regex Search | 1.0.13 | false |
|
||||
| Request Control | 1.11.1 | false |
|
||||
| RESTClient | 3.0.7 | false |
|
||||
| RESTer | 3.9.0 | false |
|
||||
| Save as PDF | 1.12 | false |
|
||||
| Sea Containers | 0.9 | false |
|
||||
| Semantic Checker | 0.8.1.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Semantic Radar | 1.1.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Session History Tree | 1.0.1.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Shape Shifter | 0.0.2 | false |
|
||||
| Simple WebSocket Client | 0.1.3 | false |
|
||||
| SOA Client | 0.2.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Status-4-Evar | 2017.08.20.15 | false |
|
||||
| SteamChecker | 0.70 | false |
|
||||
| Stylish - Custom themes for any website | 3.1.8 | false |
|
||||
| Stylus | 1.4.21 | false |
|
||||
| Tab Center | 1.36.0 | false |
|
||||
| Tab Histor Redux | 3.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Table to Excel | 3.3 | false |
|
||||
| Terms of Service; Didn’t Read | 2.0.0 | false |
|
||||
| Text Link | 6.0.2 | false |
|
||||
| Text Rewriter | 1.6.4 | false |
|
||||
| Textmarker Go | 0.9 | false |
|
||||
| The Camelizer | 2.10 | false |
|
||||
| Thumbs | 1.0.4.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Universal Edit Button | 2.0.1 | false |
|
||||
| Update Scanner | 4.3.0 | false |
|
||||
| Vertical Tabs Reloaded | 0.10.0 | false |
|
||||
| View Cookies | 1.13 | false |
|
||||
| View Dependencies | 0.3.3.2.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| View Page Archive & Cache | 1.5.3 | false |
|
||||
| Visual History | 1.0.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| Wappalyzer | 5.5.3 | false |
|
||||
| Web Developer | 2.0.1 | false |
|
||||
| WSDL Preview | 0.0.1.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| wxIF | 0.2 | false |
|
||||
| XML Developer Toolbar | 0.2.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| XML Viewer | 0.2b.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| XSL Results | 2.0.0.1-signed.1-signed | false |
|
||||
| YesScript | 2.2 | false |
|
||||
| YouTube High Definition | 63.1.5 | false |
|
||||
| YouTube™ Flash® Player | 2.0.2 | false |
|
||||
| Zotero Connector | 5.0.41 | false |
|
||||
| Zotero LibreOffice Integration | 3.5.12 | false |
|
||||
| zoteroOpenOfficeIntegration@zotero.org | | false |
|
||||
|
||||
** الحياة الحلوة
|
||||
|
||||
- الحياة الحلوة حاجة ثانية
|
||||
- إيه "الحياة الحلوة" دي يا نوت؟
|
||||
- الحياة الحلوة يعني مكان فيه زهور و حشيش و شعرنا يبقى واصل للأرض.
|
||||
- …
|
||||
- الحياة الحلوة دي حاجة ثانية خالص خالص غير ال احنا فيها
|
||||
|
||||
(نوت 3 سنوات و نصف)
|
||||
|
||||
https://www.facebook.com/ahmad.gharbeia/posts/10156856435675012
|
||||
|
||||
** التنظيم عبر الإنترنت - مكمّل محوري داعم
|
||||
|
||||
في رأينا أن الحق في التنظيم ينبغي أن يكون حقا مطلقا، بأقل قدر لازم من تدخل جهة الإدارة الحكومية، و أن يشمل ذلك حرية تشكيل الأحزاب و النقابات و الجمعيات و الروابط و غيرها من أشكال التنظيم في المجتمع المدني، و من المفروغ منه أن التدخل الأمني\السياسي ليس له مكان في تصورنا هذا.
|
||||
|
||||
*** النقابات المهنية
|
||||
|
||||
ينبغي أن تكون النقابات المهنية تنظيمات ذات عضوية طوعية و ألا يقترن دورها بالترخيص لممارسة المهنة، فدور الترخيص لممارسة المهنة ينبغي أن ينتقل إلى سجلات تشرف عليها جهة الإدارة، (أو القضاء في حالة نقابات المحامين) بالتعاون مع الجمعيات المهنية و النقابات. من ناحية أخرى فإن عضوية النقابات في هذا النموذج المرغوب تصبح ميزة وظيفية يسعى للحصول عليها المهنيون و يلتزمون لذلك بإبداء المسوغات و المؤهلات و اجتياز الاختبارات التي تشترطها كل منها لعضويتها، و في الآن ذاته تسعى كل من النقابات و الاتحادات\الجمعيات المهنية المتنافسة إلى اجتذاب العناصر الجيدة من المهنيين و الحفاظ على سمعتها و مستوى جمهور المهنيين المنتمين إليها؛ كذلك فإن عضوية تلك النقابات في هذا النموذج تتحول تدريجيا إلى شرط يسعى عملاء المهنيون إلى توفره فيمن يلجؤون إليهم و يفضلون بعضهم على بعض بناء على مستوى و سمعة النقابات التي ينتمون إليها.
|
||||
|
||||
ينبغي أن تقتصر رقابة جهة الإدارة على الرقابة اللاحقة على أنشطة المنظمات الأهلية، بمعنى أن إنشاء المنظمات يجب أن يكون بمجرد الإخطار بما لا يتعارض مع الدستور في كل من شروط عضويتها أو مجالات عملها.
|
||||
|
||||
*** الحكومة
|
||||
|
||||
شر لا بد منه.
|
||||
لكن يمكن تقليل الأثر السلبي الذي تحدثه بتعظيم سعة قنوات الاتصال الأفقية بين أفراد الجماعة و الجماعات الفرعية فيها، و كذلك الرأسية داخل الجماعة، و تكثيف تلك القنوات. لكن تنبغي ملاحظة أن الرؤية الواجبة للتنظيم النابعة من حكومة تخلط ما بين الوظيفة الإدارية و الإعاشية\الإعانية لجهازها الإداري المتضخم، و يشغلها بقاؤها بالدرجة الأولى لا ينبغي أن تُشكِّل رافدا أساسيا في تفكيرنا فيما هو ممكن.
|
||||
|
||||
*** التنظيم عبر الإنترنت
|
||||
|
||||
تضائلت قيود الاتصال البشري التقليدية التي تشترط وحدة المكان و الزمان تدريجيا مع اختراع و شيوع كل وسيلة اتصال، بدءا بالكتابة التي مكنت من التواصل عبر الزمن وصولا إلى الهاتف (و أشباهه) التي حيّدت المكان. و بتكامل تلك الوسائل في آلة الاتصال الجامعة التي هي الإنترنت يكون فرض تلك قيود غير مبرر، و بالتالي الأنماط التي تفترض وجوده.
|
||||
|
||||
في حالتنا المحلية في مصر كانت الإنترنت الوسيلة التي مكنت من التواصل بين فئات في المجتمع كانت تقليديا عازفة عن الدخول في الحوارات المجتمعية، كما أنها كانت الوسيلة التي تمكنت بها فئات في المجتمع من تفادي القيود السياسية و الأمنية المفروضة على الاتصال الجماهيري و الشعبي عمدا من قبل الحكومة فيما يراه محللون تقطيعا متعمدا لأوصال المجتمع المدني بحيث لا يبقى سوى الاتصال الرأسي بين الفرد و الحكومة داعما للدور التوجيهي الرقابي التي تتصوره دورها.
|
||||
|
||||
يسَّرت الإنترنت اندماج الشباب في العمل الاجتماعي و السياسي، و هم الذين كانوا مستبعدين منه في أغلب الأحوال بسبب الوزن المعطى إلى السن العمري في مجتمعنا (و المجتمعات التقليدية عامة) على أنه المقوم الرئيسي الذي يكتسب الفرد من خلاله مكانته في المجتمع (إن توفرت له مقومات أخرى إلى جانب هذا)، و مع هذا لم تخل النقاشات العامة (بالقدر الذي يمكن به وصف وسائل الإعلام المحتكرة حكوميا بالعمومية) من تساؤلات بقيت لعقود بلا إجابة عن "كيفية تفعيل دور الشباب و إدماجهم في العمل المجتمعي و السياسي" في تعارض هزلي مع قدر الموارد الذي يُستغرق في الآن ذاته لعرقلة هذا الاندماج في الجامعات و النوادي و تجمعات الشباب عموما، و القيود الأخرى المفروضة على التنظيم.
|
||||
|
||||
شهد دخول الإنترنت في مصر تكوين مبادرات خيرية و تنموية مجتمعية عديدة كان محورها شباب هم مواطنون إنترنتيون من الدرجة الأولى و لم يستخدم كثير منهم وسائل اتصال جادة غيرها لأداء الأعمال. تمثل بعض تلك المبادرات في نمط تنظيمات تقليدية (فاتحة خير، نضهة المحروسة، رسالة)، كما المظنمات التي كانت فائمة من قبل و التي تمكن القائمون عليها من استيعاب الاتصال عبر الإنترنت و تمثل الشبكات الاجتماعية الرقمية نقلت نفسها إلى فئة أخرى من المنظمات لا تضم تلك المنظمات التي لم تتمثل تلك الوسائل و "الثقافة".
|
||||
|
||||
كما شهد استخدام الإنترنت وسيلة للحشد السياسي و الحقوقي و هو نمط الاستخدام الذي تميز به مجتمع المدونين و الناشطين الرقميين المصريين، و أداة لتنسيق فعاليات لا تقتصر مظاهرها على الفضاء السبراني، بل تمتد إلى الشارع و الفضاءات الاجتماعية التقليدية، كما تشهد أحداث عامي 2005 و 2006.
|
||||
|
||||
مع هذا فخلال السنوات الخمس المنصرمة التي شهدت صعودا لاستخدام وسائل الاتصال الحديثة، و أبرزها الإنترنت، كوسيلة للتواصل بين قطاعات عريضة من الجماعة و كوسيلة للحشد و التنظيم الاجتماعي و السياسين تكرر بروز دعوات لتشكيل تنظيمات وفق النمط التقليدي لما كان يبدو حتى ذلك الوقت تنظيمات غير محددة أو فضفاضة، و جرت نقاشات حول جدوى و فعالية و فائدة إسباغ الأنماط التقليدية من التنظيم المدني المتمثلة في الجمعيات و الاتحادات و الروابط على علاقات لا تتقيد بالنموذج الذي وجدت فيه تلك الأنماط.
|
||||
|
||||
يُعِّرف دارسو النظم و التنظيم المنظمةَ\النظام بأنه "تنسيق للجهود بين مكونات تسعى لتحقيق هدف مشترك"، على أن مكونات النظام يمكن أن تكون هي في حد ذاتها نظما يُنظر إليها في سياق النظام الأشمل على أنها "فرعية" و يمكن أن تكون هي ذاتها على أي درجة من التعقيد الداخلي. كما يبين لنا هذا التعريف أن العنصر الفاعل في تعريف النظام هو "التنسيق"، و هو مظهر من مظاهر الاتصال المفبد، و على هذا فإن القيود الشكلية و الأطر التي تفرض على التنظيم من حارجه ليست محددا أساسيافي كينونته، بل هي تحديات عليه التعامل معها و بيئته المحيطة التي عليه التكيف معها.
|
||||
|
||||
منذ بزوغها في مطلع التسعينيات أثبتت لنا و علمتنا حركة البرمجيات الحرة و المحتوى الحر إمكانية تنسيق جهود أعداد هائلة من الأفراد ليس بينهم رابط سوى الاهتمام بذلك الهدف المشترك، و جدوى ذلك التنسيق التي تتمثل في منتجات فكرية و عملية، و ذلك بأقل قدر من التفاعل مع النظم التقليدية إلا في التفاعلات التي ترثها تلك التنظيمات الحديثة و تتأثر بها بالتبعية عبر النظم القائمة أو تتطلبها للتفاعل مع كيانات أخرى خارجها، وفق الأنماط التنظيمية السائدة في هذه المرحلة من التطور التنظيمي الإنساني. و نحن اليوم لا نزال في مرجلة دراسة هذه الأنماط التنظيمية التي يتخذ فيها الكود البرمجي دورا لا يقّل أهمية عن الدور الذي شغلته اللائحة في النمط القديم، على أن محددات التواصل الإنساني الأخرى لها دورها.
|
||||
|
||||
لذا فإن رأي كاتب هذه الورقة هو أن محاولة فرض الأنماط التقليدية للتنظيم على تنظيمات الإنترنت الفضفاضة التي تتشكل و تنحل بشكل عضوي يركز على الأهداف و ليس على الهباكل و لا ينشغل بنوعية خطوط الاتصال التنظيمي بقدر انشغاله بما يتدفق عبر تلك الخطوط من تنسيق و تغذية راجعة غير مجدٍ و غير مطلوب.
|
||||
|
||||
إلا أن هذا لا يعني أن التجاور و التكامل غير ممكن. فوفق التعريف السابق نفسه فإن أي نظام\تنظيم يمكن أن يتكون من عدد من النظم الفرعية التي يُنظر إلى كل منها على أنه نظام معزول إلى من واجهة اتصال مع العالم الخارجي الذي لا يعنيه كيفية أداء صيروراته الداخلية. و مع أن نماذج التنظيم و الاتصال البشري قلما تكون على هذا القدر من الانعزال و التجريد فإن تبني بعضا من هذه النظرة عند النظر إلى دور نشطاء الإنترنت مفيد، و يمكننا من النظر إليهم باعتبارهم أعضاء فاعلين في نظم عديدة في ذات الوقت، يؤدون أدوارهم في التنظيمات الاجتماعية و السياسية التقليدية التي ينتمون إليها و يشكلون هم أنفسهم امتدادات لها في الفضاء السبراني، و كذلك يمكننا من النظر إلى تنظيماتهم آنية التكون و الانحلال على أنها مكونات فرعية في تنظيمات أخرى أخرى أعقد و أشمل، بضها تقليدي (حزب\جمعية\نقابة)، و هذا بعد أن نكون قد وعينا عدم جدوى فرض الأطر التقليدية على تلك التنظيمات التي تتمثل في مواثيق الشرف التدويني و روابط المدونين و اتحاداتهم و تراتبياتها و عضوياتها الشرفية و الفخرية و أرقام عضويتها التي هي بقايا تركة تنظيمية نشأت في وسيط اتصال و مختلف و آلية مختلفة لمعالجة المدخلات و اتخذا القرار.
|
||||
|
||||
** التدوين، الاستبداد والاقصاء الجيلى
|
||||
|
||||
(جزء من مسودة مقال كتبته منذ اكثر من عام ردا على مقدمة التقرير الاستراتيجى العربى التى كتبها الاستاذ السيد ياسين، والمقال فى اصله كتب على الورق، وقمت بتفريغ هذا الجزء فقط ثم طلب منى صديق بعض المراجع عن التدوين فى العالم العربى وكان من بين ما اعطيته بالخطأ هذه الاوراق، وفقدت للاسف).. وكالعادة بقى لى حكاية عن جهد ضائع.. لكن لا بأس.. كان هناك مشروع لكتاب اسمه سوسيولوجيا التدوين لحق بسابقه كتاب (انف اسرائيل) عن العلاقات الخاصة بين اسرائيل والولايات المتحدة واثرها على السياسات العربية وعلاقة العرب بالولايات المتحدة.. ورسالة الماجستير البائسة التى اكملت تحويلها كتابا للمقارنة بين الوحدة العربية والاوربية من منظور ثقافى (تحت عنوان الهوية ما بعد القومية) ولم يخرج للنور، ولحق كذلك بثلاثة روايات ملقاة فى الدرج، تاكسي (كتبت قبل تاكسي الخميسي) و(حكر ابو دومة) و(الملف) ولم تصدر اى منها.. ومسرحية (ماعاليك) التى كتبتها مع نواره، و(عشر مسرحيات قصيرة تافهة) وديوان شعر وكل هذا ملهش لازمة طبعا.. وقولوا يا رب
|
||||
.....
|
||||
|
||||
مقدمة
|
||||
|
||||
الاقصاء الجيلى أحد الممارسات الثقافية السلبية الأكثر رسوخا فى حياتنا الثقافية. يقوم على التشكيك الدائم فى قدرة الأجيال الجديدة على الاضطلاع بمسئوليات مستقبلية من خلال وصمهم بالسطحية والتشظى والتفاهة. وينطبق هذا على الموقف الراهن من المدونين إذ اشتعلت ضدهم حملات تشهير متتالية على اثر بروزهم كفصيل جديد نشط اضيف لمعادلة السياسة والرأى العام فى مصر، حملات تصفهم بما ليس فيهم وتكثف ذلك وبلغ ذروته مع مثقفين كبار وقادة رأى من القربيين من السلطة المنتمين لأجيال قديمة الذين يشغلون منابر ثقافية وإعلامية ظلوا يمارسون من فوقها تعاليهم المعرفى ويراكمون من فوق مقاعدها الوثيرة فقاعة أسطرة الذات. وبرز لديهم نزوع دائم لسبك الشباب وأفكارهم وتوجهاتهم عنوة فى قوالب ضيقة لا تعبر عن حقيقة هذه الاجيال الجديدة. ولعلها معارك القديم والجديد التى عرفتها العقود الأولى من القرن العشرين تعيد تكرار نفسها لكن على نحو أكثر وحشية واستبدادا.
|
||||
|
||||
ويتضح جليا هذا الاقصاء الجيلى فى كتابات تحظى بمصداقية مصطنعة، مصدرها البنية المؤسسية والعلاقات التى تنتج من خلالها ما تقدمه من معرفة. وليس هناك نموذجا أعظم جلاء فى هذا الصدد من المقدمة الافتتاحية لواحد من التقارير التى تحظى بتقدير واحترام بالغ وهو التقرير الاستراتيجى العربى فى طبعته الأخيرة الصادرة منذ عدة أيام والتى تغطى أحوال وأحداث عام 2007-2008 . وقد صدر التقرير بمقدمة تحليلية ضمنها الفصل الافتتاحى بقلم مستشار التقرير المثقف الشهير الاستاذ السيد ياسين، الباحث الاجتماعى البارز والأب الروحى لمركز الدراسات الاستراتيجية بالأهرام الصادر عنه التقرير.
|
||||
|
||||
عنوان الدراسة أو المقدمة التحليلية موحى ومعبر عما أريد له أن يقول: " التدوين والمدونون.. الفضاء المعلوماتى فى مواجهة المجتمع الواقعى. هذه الثنائية التى بنى عليها ياسين دراسته مفادها أن المدونين، هذا الفصيل الجديد من أجيال الشباب، ممن خلقوا ما يعرف اليوم بظاهرة التدوين، يعيشون فى فضاء لا واقعى، افتراضى، هروبا وانسلاخا من واقعهم الصعب، بما يعمق من حالة اغترابهم عن الواقع الاجتماعى والسياسى والثقافى الذى يعيشون فيه، مسالكهم عدمية وأفكارهم مشوشة، ويفتقدون للتوجيه والترشيد السلوكى. هؤلاء المغتربون ينتجون ثقافة وقيما وسلوكيات خطرة على المجتمع ونظامه السياسى.
|
||||
|
||||
طوف بنا ياسين وسط ديباجات تنظيرية عن مجتمع المعلومات العالمى – لم يستفد منها فى تحليله لظاهرة التدوين فى مصر على نحو مثير للدهشة – وقدم لنا متابعة تطورية تاريخية متبصرة لواقعنا الاجتماعى والثقافى فى النصف قرن الأخير، لكنها تعثرت فقط حينما بلغت وقتنا الراهن، حيث عرقلت منطقها هذه الانتقائية المغلفة بميل سياسى منحاز للجانب الحكومى التى مارسها ياسين على نحو لا تخطئه عين. أخذ ياسين يدور فى هذه الدائرة بطول مقالته وعرضها ليؤكد أن ظاهرة التدوين هى إحدى نواتج الاغتراب الاجتماعى مستخدما أسانيد بالغة الضعف، وتحليل وصفه هو بالعمق، لكنه فى رأى المتواضع أبعد ما يكون عن هذا الوصف.
|
||||
|
||||
هل لتدوين المصرى وحركة جيل الشباب المستندة لتكنولوجيات التواصل الاجتماعى حقا مجرد عرض جديد لظاهرة الاغتراب الاجتماعى التى اشبعت بحثا وتنقيحا عبر العقود الثلاثة الماضية. هنا ما نختلف مع ياسين فى تصوره. وسنحاول عبر هذا التعليق إثبات أن التدوين ليس خلقا لواقع افتراضى بديل، بحسب زعمه، يحاول به الشباب الانفصال النفسى والاجتماعى عن تحديات واقعه، بل هو خلق لـ "واقع مواز"، يعكس كالمرآة ما يجرى فى المجتمع وتفاعلاته السياسية، من منظور الجيل المقصى، وكما أن عملية خلق هذا الفضاء الجديد كانت نتاجا لتطور مذهل اقتحم حياتنا السياسية والاجتماعية المتكلسة، وأدخلنا فى القلب من ثورة المعلومات فى جانبها الاتصالى الحر الأقل كلفة من جوانبها الأخرى، وهى تكنولوجيات التواصل الاجتماعى، فقد كان لها جانبها المحلى المتمثل فى حالة الانسداد الشريانى الذى تعانى منه السياسة فى مصر، والتكلس والعجز عن التجديد فى ظل بنية سلطة قائمة على الاستبداد والقهر، وتحالفات اجتماعية مستغلة استبعدت غالبية المصريين من تقرير شئون حياتهم وفق إرادتهم الحرة وعلى حسب ما رغباتهم وطموحاتهم المستقبلية.
|
||||
|
||||
ياسين والتدوين: ملاحظة أولية
|
||||
|
||||
تنطلق جل تحليلات السيد ياسين من أسطورة تجعله يبدو فى عيون المدونين كديناصور تكنولوجى مثير للشفقة، وتفسر لما يقف الرجل اليوم - الذى بشر يوما بأحد أهم نواتج العولمة وهو هذا التغير الاجتماعى والسياسى والثقافى الذى تحمله التكنولوجيا فى طياتها – هذا الموقف السلبى من المدونات وظاهرة قيام الأجيال الشابة بالتدوين. ينطلق ياسين من حكم إدانة مسبق، قريب من وجهة نظر النظام السياسى وأجهزته السلطوية التى تهاب هذه الظاهرة التحررية وأولئك الشبان الصغار، وأزعجها بروز احتمال تغيير اجتماعى من رحم هذه الظاهرة الجديدة وخوفها من رؤى جديدة لجيل شاب طامح فى إحداث تغيير حقيقى، هذا الحكم المسبق جعله يلمز بشباب المدونين على نحو لا يليق بباحث اجتماعى مرموق فى قامته ويصمهم بما ليس فيهم، بصورة غير مقبولة.
|
||||
ياسين دار فى مقدمة التقرير الاستراتيجى العربى حول أفكاره التى كونها منذ عقدين تقريبا (مراجع الدراسة الأساسية كما ورد بذيل المقدمة هما كتابان لياسين نفسه لا غير، أحدهما صدر قبل اختراع تكنولوجيات التواصل الاجتماعى)، وهو دأب سيطر على كتاباته جميعها، ولم يحد عنه.
|
||||
|
||||
وكما يلاحظ الشخص العادى أن الشمس تبزغ من جهة الشرق، لاحظ ياسين أن المدونات بالغة التنوع وأن المدونين ينتمون لمشارب فكرية مختلفة، وهلل لتلك الملاحظة وكأنه نيوتن يقول وجدتها، وهى ملاحظة يدركها كل مبتدئ فى عالم التدوين قام بتجوال سريع على شبكات المدونات وبالطبع لا تحتاج لدراسة معمقة كما أوحت لنا صياغات وجمل ياسين وطنطناته المنهاجية فى هذا المقال العظيم.
|
||||
|
||||
وبغض النظر عن الخفة البحثية فى مقدمة تفتتح أهم تقرير استراتيجى يصدر فى العالم العربى، ودرة تاج المنتجات الفكرية لمركز الدراسات والبحوث الاستراتيجية التابع لمؤسسة الأهرام، نجد أن تحليل ياسين لظاهرة اجتماعية كالتدوين لا هو بالمعمق ولا بالرصين كما ردد فى مقاله، فقد استند لبضع "جولات" تفقدية قام بها الباحث المرموق، على نحو متقطع وليس على ممارسة تجريبية لاستخدام تكنولوجيات التواصل الاجتماعى، علاوة على مطالعة بعض الكتابات التجارية المطبوعة حول المدونات والتى اتسمت بانتقائية معيارها الاثارة غير الممثلة لفضاء التدوين المصرى، بالاضافة لدراسة احصائية هزيلة – أقرب للفضيحة – قام بها مركز المعلومات ودعم اتخاذ القرار التابع لمجلس الوزراء عام 2006 فى ذروة الانزعاج الحكومى من التدوين، انتهت لنتيجة مثيرة للاهتمام مفادها أن مايقرب من تسعين فى المئة من شبابنا يريدون قانونا للرقابة على الانترنت. هذه هى أهم مراجع ياسين حول هذا الموضوع الهام. والتى جرته لتحليل ملؤه التحيز والتعالى المعرفي، ودعوته فى صلب مقاله إجراء بحث معمق إضافى حول الظاهرة - ربما كنوع من الاعتراف الضمنى بعدم قدرته على فهمها - لا تعفيه من مسئولية الباحث الكبير تجاه الحقيقة.
|
||||
|
||||
المقال حافل بتناقضات هائلة، جعلت ياسين يقول الرأى ونقيضه فى ذات الفقرة، فظاهرة التدوين السياسى التى تحدث عنها بإعجاب واضح فى الحالة الأمريكية التى أطنب فى ذكر ملامحها ونواتجها، جعلته يستنتج أنها أمر إيجابى معبر عن حراك اجتماعى ورغبة جيل جديد فى التغيير بينما حين عالجها فى الحالة المصرية استنتج منها عكس هذا تماما، فهى مجرد رد فعل عن اغتراب سياسى واجتماعى لجيل تائه، وهو إذ يقول هذا العجب لا يمنحنا أى سبب لهذا التلون التحليلى. وسنفرد لأمثلة من هذه التناقضات فى صلب تعليقنا.
|
||||
|
||||
والمقال يلفه غموض فى الصياغات واستخدام لاصطلاحات غائمة وغير مستقرة، ومن المعروف أن هذا الاغماض هو أحد وسائل إنتاج التحليلات المغرضة والنواتج المتحيزة، وهذا عين ما كان على ياسين تجنبه، لكنه اختاره بنفسه، وأجاد صنعه بطول المقال وعرضه.
|
||||
|
||||
ولنا ملاحظة أولية أخيره تجرنا لصلب التعليق على مقال ياسين، وهى أن هذا المقال لم يعان خفة بحثية فحسب، لكنه عبر كذلك - وبصورة نموذجية - عن عقلية الاقصاء التى تتمرس بها أجيالنا الأكبر سنا فى مواقعها وطليعتها المسيطرة التى تستخدم مقولاتها لدفع الأجيال الجديدة بعيدا عن مواقعها الاجتماعية والسياسية المستحقة والتى تتيح لها تقرير مستقبلها ورسمه.
|
||||
|
||||
التدوين والمدونون: بداية لازمة لتنقية المفاهيم
|
||||
|
||||
التدوين blogging هو الفعل الذى يقوم به المدون blogger بسطر "يومياته" من خلال نص رسالة post يتم بثه على مدونته blog . والمدونة هى موقع افتراضى على شبكة الإنترنت يستخدم تكنولوجيات الإدارة الذاتية للمحتوى التى تنتمى لفئة تكنولوجيات التواصل الاجتماعى. وثمة العديد من شركات خدمات الإنترنت التى تشغل منصات بث عبر الشبكة تقدم خدمات استضافة مواقع المدونات مجانا، أشهرها blogger.com المملوك لعملاق الانترنت google ، آلة البحث الشهيرة على الانترنت، و myspace.com المملوك لميكروسوفت، وتحصل مداخيلها من الاعلانات التى تظهر بالمواقع ومن الخدمات الاضافية على الشبكة. ( والمسألة ليست بالضرورة تديرها قوى خفية و "أجهزة وعناصر غربية وأمريكية" على نحو ما ورد فى النص المجهل الذى ذكره السيد ياسين لمزا وإثارة للشبهة) دونما سند.
|
||||
|
||||
سطر اليوميات هو الفعل الأبرز، وهو فعل يحمل جوانب توثيقية وإبداعية وحركية للفرد المدون، فالمدونون كفصيل من الشباب المتعلم، المتمع بقدر جيد من المعرفة يمارس يوميا عملية مزدوجة هى انتاج النصوص ومطالعة النصوص، عبر منصة تبادل ضمن شبكة الانترنت، وهذا النص الذى يبثه المدون عادة ما يتعلق بشخصه وذاته واهتماماته سواء أكانت عامة أو خاصة، ورغم كون النص شخصياً فإنه يتاح لمطالعيه التعليق علي ما ورد به وتبادل الرأى حوله. تبادل الرأى هو الفعل الثانى الأبرز فى ظاهرة التدوين، وهو ما يدفعنا لدخول أعمق لمجموعة القيم الكامنة فى الممارسة اليومية لإبداء الرأى الحر والتعليق على الآخرين فى الشئون العامة والخاصة.
|
||||
|
||||
تشير تقارير مواقع المتابعة الاحصائية لتدفقات التدوين فى الدول الغربية إلى خصيصة ديموجرافية مهمة للتدوين وهى أن أكثر من نصف جمهور المدونات والمدونين من الشباب، ورغم أنه لا يتاح أمامنا تحليلات احصائية جيدة حول ديموجرافيات التدوين المصرى، فثمة تقديرات تؤكد أن النسبة لدينا أكبر من النسبة فى الدول الغربية، وربما تقفز لما يربو على التسعين بالمئة من جملة المستخدمين أستنادا إلى حقيقة أن استخدام الكمبيوتر والانترنت فى مصر والعالم العربى يكاد يتوازى مع التقسيمات الجيلية، والمسألة السنية مهمة، فهى أساس الاختلاف الجيلى الذى أتحدث عنه. فمن هم فوق سن الأربعين، بعيدين تماما عن هذه الساحة، إلا نسبة قليلة منهم استطاعت أن توطن نفسها على سلوكيات التواصل الدورى عبر الشبكة، فى حين أن الأجيال الأصغر من المتعلمين قد صار استخدام هذه التكنولوجيات بالنسبة لها جزء من روتين حياتهم اليومى.
|
||||
|
||||
الانتلجنسيا الجديدة
|
||||
|
||||
ما لم يفهمه أيضا ياسين هو أن ثمة تغييرات جيلية عديدة فى عصر التدوين وتكنولوجيات المعرفة، حتى فى طرق التفكير وأنماطه، بل والكيفية التى يعمل بها الدماغ نتيجة استخدام مثل هذه التكنولوجيات، لا لوم على السيد ياسين إن بدا فى هذه الدراسة كديناصور تكنولوجى متوجس ومتشكك وعاجز عن التواصل مع هذه الظاهرة الجديدة ومن ثم فهمها، فهذا ما لا نطالبه به، اللوم فقط على ملامح التعالى والتحيز والتعجل الثابتة فى هذا المقال.
|
||||
|
||||
القيم الليبرالية وتكنولوجيات التواصل الاجتماعى
|
||||
|
||||
التدوين هو ساحة حرة للحوار، يضع شروطه القائمين عليه أنفسهم، وجزء من بنيته الثقافية يستند إلى قيم ليبرالية، تبدأ بحرية الفرد المدون، والإدارة الذاتية للمحتوى الذى تضمه مدونته، والمسئولية عنه. وإعلاء حرية التعبير قيمة ملازمة لحرية الفرد المدون صنوها الانفتاح أمام الآراءالمخالفة، مع استخدام المنطق العقلى فى المحاجة، للكشف عن جودة أو خفة الرأى محل التعليق والنقاش.
|
||||
|
||||
الدعوة advocacy والحركية activism من القيم التى امتازت بها المدونات المصرية التى انخرطت على نحو شكل ظاهرة استثنائية فى مجرى الشئون العامة فى مصر خصوصا مع تلازمه وحراك كبير شهدته الساحة السياسية قام على الدعوة للتغيير وميزته أحداث ساخنة كالتغيير الدستورى المحدود والصادم وجولتى انتخابات رئاسية وبرلمانية شهدا جدالا كبيرا وتساؤل متصاعد حول مستقبل الحكم فى البلاد اختصرته عبارة التوريث، وقوى سياسية جديدة قوامها جيل شاب ودت الانخراط فى الشأن العام وتوسيع رقعة مشاركته فى تقرير شئون الدولة والمجتمع.
|
||||
|
||||
العادى ... ثقافيا
|
||||
|
||||
ينعى الكثيرين من الأجيال السابقة على المدونين انتشار الصياغات الركيكة والمتعجلة، وهم فى هذا يحكمون من منظور لا يتناسب وهذه المساحة التعبيرية المعنية بالأساس باليومى والعادى، والتى هى أنماط تعبيرية لا تتطلب دقة الصياغة وحلاوة البيان وقوة الحجة، فالتدوين كمساحة للتعبير تشبه أشخاصها، بما فيهم من نزق وربما اندفاع، لكن دائما ثمة استثناءات، خصوصا فى فضاء التدوين المصرى، حيث نجد تسيس غالب على هذا الفضاء التدوينى، وميل إلى التحليل والتدقيق والنظر، وروح جسورة متحدية. على المستوى اللغوى، نجد أن التحولات الثقافية عادة ما ترتبط بتغيير على مستوى اللغة، والجيل الجديد مستخدم التدوين يميل بصورة مبالغ فيها أحيانا لكسر النمط، وكراهية القوالب الجاهزة حتى اللغوية منها، علاوة على الاختصار وتفضيل الصياغات المباشرة. أما على المستوى المعرفى فثمة تغيير كبير، نزوع حاد نحو التحدى للأفكار القديمة، وبحث دؤوب عن الحقيقة، مع تشكك فى الوارد من معرفة تنتجها السلطة وهياكلها وتحالفاتها، بما فيها ما يرد عن المثقفين التقليديين من أمثال ياسين، انتاجهم اليومى للنصوص، يستتبعه التأمل والتفكير الدائم فيما يتابدلونه من أفكار مكتوبة عادة، وهو ما يتيح لدى المدونين فى ضوء ما تحمله الشبكة الدولية من مصادر معرفية هائلة، يتخدمونها بنقرة بسيطة وبسهولة، تطوير ملكات نقدية هائلة، وقدرة على المحاجة تتطور باستمرار. ثمة إيمان بالذات الفردية - تلمحه عند تحليلك للكتابات اليومية التى ترد على الريدر أو الآر إس إس - يصل لحدود متطرفة أحيانا، علاوة على جرأة فى الأفكار وجسارة فى التعبير عنها وهى أشياء أظن أنه لم تعرفها الأجيال السابقة عندما كانت فى مثل هذه السن الصغيرة.
|
||||
|
||||
يقولون أن الشباب من معتادى التدوين لا يقرأون النصوص الطويلة والمعقدة، ويكرهون القراءة، وهذا جزء من الطابع التشهيرى والاقصائى الذى ربما نلمسه فى حالتنا، وهذا الرأى يتجاهل وبشدة حقيقة أن أهم المدولات الفكرية والنقاشات حول الكتب التى تجرى حاليا موقعها هو الإنترنت وتحديدا المدونات، حتى أن مواقع بيع الكتب الشهيرة تدعم كثير من المدونات المهتمة بالإصدارات الجديدة والتى تفتح أبواب النقاش حولها، كما أن عدد كبير من الكتاب فى العالم والمصريين خصوصا من الاجيال الشابة أنشأوا مدونات لهم لتكون بوابة لمناقشة أعمالهم والتواصل مع قرائهم. لم يلغ التدوين - كما توقع البعض صنعة الكتاب الورقى - بل العكس صحيح تماما، فالتدوين كان أداة ترويج ذات فضل كبير على ازدهار صناعة الكتاب فى بلادنا.
|
||||
|
||||
ثمة تطور تقنى غير ايضا فى معنى النص، أوصلنا للنص التشعبي (هايبرتكست) الذى يقوم على الاختصار والاحالة الدائمة لنصوص متشعبة ومتنوعة عبر الوصلات النصية دامجا بين النصوص المصورة والمكتوبة والمسموعة. ومن هنا تجد التدوينة الواحدة قد كتبها فى الحقيقة عشرات، بحيث تعكس تداولا وجدلا وكسرا لممارسات القوة التى تجعل المغرفة تنتج بتحيز ومخاتلة.
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.facebook.com/notes/yasonari-kawabata/altdwyn-alastbdad-walaqsa-aljyly/402405996625
|
||||
|
||||
* Bank details
|
||||
|
||||
Ahmad Gharbeia
|
||||
Luckauer 12
|
||||
10969 Berlin
|
||||
IBAN: DE44100110012620084452
|
||||
BIC: NTSBDEB1XXX
|
||||
78
6_areas/people/أمين حداد.org
Normal file
78
6_areas/people/أمين حداد.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 24a17f70-e65c-4d5f-9ea4-7d2939942132
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Amin Haddad"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: أمين حداد
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people
|
||||
|
||||
* ردّ الشجر
|
||||
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 7a1ea898-da5d-40a4-bf31-cbf8732538b9
|
||||
:CREATED: [2007-02-12 Mon]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
راح اشتكى للشجر اللى بيبدر حبوب اللقاح
|
||||
قام الشجر قال له
|
||||
احدف حنينك للرياح
|
||||
حيرجع لك
|
||||
|
||||
بقى يعيّط فى البراح
|
||||
و راح لصالة الوصول يستنّى
|
||||
لقاها مليانه
|
||||
نباتات زينه دبلانه
|
||||
و رجلين بتشبّ
|
||||
و رؤوس بتشرئب
|
||||
و عيون قلقانه
|
||||
و هوّ راجع شاف أكياس البلاستيك اللى مسافره
|
||||
حايشاها الأسوار السلك
|
||||
|
||||
راح للشجر اللى بيحضن العصافير
|
||||
قال له
|
||||
خد من حنينك رحمه
|
||||
والإنسانيه ... ضلة المحتاج
|
||||
|
||||
بعتر حنانه هنا وهناك ... من غير تدبير
|
||||
ما كانش عارف ان الغلابه كتير
|
||||
والقطط البردانه كتير
|
||||
والكلاب السعرانه بتسوق بغشوميه
|
||||
وبتدهس البشر المعديّه
|
||||
|
||||
راح للشجر اللى عامل سور
|
||||
قال له اشتياقك سرّ
|
||||
والبوح طلوع الروح
|
||||
|
||||
أما النخيل
|
||||
قال له اللى بيهاجر بخيل
|
||||
و أمّة الشجر الكريمه
|
||||
هىّ اللى حافظه البريّه
|
||||
|
||||
كل شجره قالت له اللى فيه القسمه
|
||||
|
||||
شجرة لمون غلبانه
|
||||
شجرة رمّان عيّانه
|
||||
الجزورينه البهتانه
|
||||
شجره عظيمه جداّ جداّ فى غانا
|
||||
شجرة كافور قدام معسكر جيش
|
||||
و أختها اللى فى طريق العبّاسه
|
||||
أم الشعور
|
||||
اللى بتسحر العشّاق فى الدِرا
|
||||
و بتبكى فى انجلترا
|
||||
|
||||
القصد ... أصبح صاحبنا حبيب للشجر
|
||||
بقى الشجر يسعى له
|
||||
يرقد يغمّض عينيه
|
||||
و يقول للأشجار تعالوا
|
||||
تيجى تضلل عليه
|
||||
افرحوا
|
||||
غنّوا
|
||||
يللا بقى روّحوا
|
||||
لأ ... ما تمشوش ... استنّوا
|
||||
والشجر يضحك حواليه
|
||||
|
||||
عرف السرّ اللى ما عرفوش حدّ بعده
|
||||
يتخلص من أحزانه
|
||||
و يحرّك الشجر من مكانه
|
||||
2007
|
||||
|
||||
كتبها أمين حداد
|
||||
8
6_areas/people/بلال فضل.org
Normal file
8
6_areas/people/بلال فضل.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: d501b267-7f10-49a9-94a1-e83c06ba7ca8
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Belal Fadl"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+TITLE: بلال فضل
|
||||
#+DATE: [2023-07-22 Sat 14:22]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/جاسر عبد الرازق.org
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/جاسر عبد الرازق.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 32438c32-40c5-4af2-9f18-5b3febf6841a
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Gasser Abdel-Razek"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: جاسر عبد الرازق
|
||||
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/حسام عبدالله.org
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/حسام عبدالله.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: d53f8ef9-fc70-4e1f-8dfd-9a3ca1d6fd2b
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Hosam Abdalla"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: حسام عبدالله
|
||||
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/خالد فهمي.org
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/خالد فهمي.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: aa2949bd-1182-40d1-9555-ebbf3fe17ae7
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Khaled Fahmy"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: خالد فهمي
|
||||
|
||||
13
6_areas/people/رضا مرعي.org
Normal file
13
6_areas/people/رضا مرعي.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: be6cfc53-0b92-4a3d-bfe4-f6f077d42266
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Reda Marie"
|
||||
:CREATED: [2016-04-10 Sun 14:09]
|
||||
:MODIFIED: [2016-04-10 Sun 14:09]
|
||||
:IMPORTED: [2023-02-08 Wed 19:22]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: رضا مرعي
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
إحنا نمشي قانوني ،، نجحد الصور الضوئية لوثائق بنما ونلزمهم بتقديم الأصول وأول ما تتقدم نطعن عليها بالتزوير وندفع 300 جنيه أمانة خبير بحوالة في أي بوسطة أو مكتب بريد والورق يروح الطب الشرعي في زينهم ويحصل الإستكتاب ونشوف بقى الورق ده مزور ولا سليم وكل واحد ياخد حقه."
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/زياد العليمي.org
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/زياد العليمي.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 2d32c074-f195-43dc-9b3c-112a61951e2b
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Zyad Elelaimy"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: زياد العليمي
|
||||
|
||||
34
6_areas/people/سارة رفقي.org
Normal file
34
6_areas/people/سارة رفقي.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 98017246-3be7-4686-b2f5-ea15b953682e
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Sarah Rifky"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: سارة رفقي
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people egypt
|
||||
|
||||
* Qalqalah: The Subject of Language
|
||||
|
||||
In keeping with time, before I tell you a story and talk about the future, let us travel back to a moment in the past. Let us travel back to January of 1977 in Cairo. The capital is on fire and the Egyptian Bread Riots are rippling through the city. They are tearing the liberal policies of Sadat’s infitah to pieces. In a small apartment in Giza, a woman, a poet, not particularly religious, wakes up from her sleep… Placing one hand on her bump of five months, she whispers a few words to dispel nagging spirits… In her sleep, she was visited by the prophet…peace be upon him. In the dream he said, “Give your child a good name.” A good name does not necessarily mean a name with a good meaning, but more importantly a name that would ensure a good and prosperous future. The first act of language, is always giving a name. The child is born and named: she is called Qalqalah.
|
||||
|
||||
It is worth of noting that Qalqalah grows up to become an artist, but this account is not about that. We are interested in what happens a long time after. In 2048 Qalqalah is turning seventy-one. She is an unusual woman in all respects. It all started with the unusual name she was given. Qalqalah, a very Arabic sounding word, is not a name; it is a motion in language, a phonetic vibration, a bounce or an echo, over certain letters of the Arabic scripture that make up the words “QT bgd” – which almost translates into English as “a cat for real.”
|
||||
|
||||
Although it is easy to understand how Qalqalah came to be an artist, in the context that she found herself in, in the type of family that brought her up, gradually and no one can historically determine exactly when, art as a vocation, as we understood it in 2014, became obsolete… Some argued that everyone had become an artist, or no one was, but it doesn’t really matter. When did art as art cease to exist? It is vaguely said to have been around the 2030’s, shortly after the economy had finally and completely collapsed. The collapse was more of a systematic meltdown, felt and accepted, and didn’t come with a bang or a boom or a clear event. The fact of the future was that the economy, predicted for so long to collapse, had collapsed. Finally. The unimaginable had finally arrived, and with it the order of the world radically changed, much faster than anyone could have possible imagined.
|
||||
|
||||
Qalqalah now lives in the United Arab World, a conglomerate of corporations, where as a citizen she takes up her place as a linguist, serving the greater good of UAW (often pronounced by Arabic speakers as: WOW, which also signified the letter “waw”). The waaw is the 27th letter of the Arabic alphabet, of the abjadiya. It represents the number six and belongs to the element of air. It symbolizes the mystical promise of total assent, and it denotes the universal aspect of the whole according to some mystics. Already in the 11the century, Ibn al-Arabi gives quite some attention to waw in a booklet dealing with the letters “waw” “meem” and “nuun”. We find out that “waaw”, a letter, is the first perfect number. By other sheikhs we are told that ‘waaw’ corresponds to the quality
of dying when you still are alive, which of course, is a part of the message.
|
||||
|
||||
Ten centuries later, in the 21st century, linguists and translators have found a good place in the new social scheme of UAW. This is an unexpected turn to things, who would have thought that linguists and translators would be well-compensated jobs in this future which I speak to you in present tense? Not only that, but to work with words, and words as numbers, are skills that are held high-regard in the era of new corporations. Qalqalah had been lucky: as a young person she hadn’t opted to study languages, but she was naturally attune to many, having grown up with six. Qalqalah’s parents were both poets, and she had briefly married into a family of bookkeepers, of librarians, from the former Kingdom. In her old age Qalqalah regrets never having children, like many of her generation, but she thinks of every word she speaks as giving birth to “new meaning.”
|
||||
|
||||
In the winter of 2048, Qalqalah is invited to attend a closed meeting at the prestigious University of the Future Post-Sense (UF-PS). The university is situated in a former parliamentary building of a place that was formerly known as Bern in Switzerland. The overhaul of the school into a sort of think tank was part of the larger education reform movement on a continental scale, and was meant to secure those schools and universities didn’t shut down with the economic collapse of the early thirties. Previous universities realigned themselves to new corporate bodies with the promise that they would bring in returns on investment pretty quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
This is a time were philosophy is prized for bringing in fast results and where ideology is incubated, as it has failed to simply emerge in the previous decades, despite ongoing political tumult and hyper-action. The closed convention Qalqalah is invited to is one in a series that are taking place worldwide. She often declines such invitations where she finds herself bored with the lack of imagination of present scholars and researchers… In her seventh decade of life, she finds that pretty much anything that was worth saying has already been said in years before. The effect of recycling language is tiresome to her ears. Qalqalah has lived through a lot. Organizers of such conventions are often younger avid types that have no memory of a past, but sense something akin to nostalgia for it.
|
||||
|
||||
It is true of people born in the 2000’s that they have a different experience of memory: they are an entirely different type of human altogether. Save for those who were born into families of time separatists and idealists who had tried to extract themselves from the system and which were very few, the new generations had very narrow attention spans, and contrary to what one would imagine made up human life, no real connection to narrative. Whereas in decades before, the premise of being human was based on a continual history, narrative mimesis and the ability to retell one’s life in stories, suddenly narrative has caught up, it is instant, and it disappears as soon it speaks.
|
||||
|
||||
Organizers of the convention are interested in Qalqalah, as she is a first hand witness to the early waves of uprising and recounted revolutions and occupy movements in the early tens and twenties of the century. She had lived through regional wars and was part of the dissident movements that caused the collapse of the nation-state system in the Eastern hemisphere in the late twenties and early thirties. Not that much good had come out of that. But like many people at this time Qalqalah has trouble recollecting memories of her past. Suffering from attention disorders, narrative fatigue and spiritually struggling with psychotic breaks means that Qalqalah isn’t as lucid, as we are today, in 2014. Or maybe one could say she is more lucid, just in a way that disagrees with post 1950’s psychiatry. For the Bern-convention, she is tasked with piecing together something that resembles a political narrative, a type of history, of the political cracks in time since the 2010’s.
|
||||
|
||||
She is useful to the world because she is a survivor, and a thinking witness to revolutions and uprisings that preceded the imagined yet unpredictable collapse of the nation-states in the early 2030’s. Qalqalah herself, like many of her generation, has trouble recollecting memories of her past. She suffers from attention disorders, mental fatigues and like many of her generation spiritually struggles with repeated psychotic breaks. At the meeting she is tasked with piecing together a coherent narrative of political changes in the former Egypt. She struggles to remember a distant past beyond the hyper-capital conglomerate of the new United Arab World.
|
||||
|
||||
The conference in Bern draws on conscious and unconscious thought and behavior, paving the economy towards a post-linguistic future. Qalqalah is suspicious of institutions, yet thrives on language. She has an innate understanding that there is no future post-language.
|
||||
|
||||
On the fringes of the conference, she finds herself amongst a self-proclaimed group of “monolingual activists” from the Indo-European worlds. She attends their meetings and embarks on a set of impossible questions about the future of a region. Is a political paradigm shift possible through a rediscovery of other languages? Is speaking more than one language a form of treason masked as knowledge?
|
||||
|
||||
Speaking so many languages, it is impossible to think, she thinks. To think in her native Arabic father-tongue, Qalqalah has to unlearn her other glossal skills. She has an inkling that if she sets out to investigate linguistic facts and little known secrets of the Arabic language, in its chronographic dimension, it would be possible to approach the future differently. Arabic for a fact does not have future tense. Or rather, its future is derivative of the present. Qalqalah is caught in a conundrum of questions, for what does it mean for a language not to encompass a future in speech, she wonders. In end effect, we have to ask ourselves what the political consequences are of introducing new forms and tenses to old languages.
|
||||
13
6_areas/people/سامية جاهين.org
Normal file
13
6_areas/people/سامية جاهين.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CREATED: [2010-05-19 Wed 20:40]
|
||||
:MODIFIED: 2010-05-19T20:40:49.4070329+02:00
|
||||
:IMPORTED: 2023-02-08 19:22:50 -0500
|
||||
:ID: f18c9133-77da-4fb5-aa56-b8ed0d52716d
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Samia Jaheen"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: سامية جاهين
|
||||
|
||||
* [[https://www.facebook.com/#!/profile.php?id=856475540][Samia FB ID]]
|
||||
|
||||
https://www.facebook.com/#!/profile.php?id=856475540
|
||||
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/سلمى سعيد.org
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/سلمى سعيد.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: b5748f3e-e42b-45e9-adfb-66c148be4d75
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Salma Abutaleb" "Salma Said"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: سلمى سعيد
|
||||
|
||||
26
6_areas/people/شادي حرب.org
Normal file
26
6_areas/people/شادي حرب.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 21939b04-6dbf-478a-a967-d6d9e76f8d95
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Shady Harb" "شادي الغزالي حرب"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: شادي حرب
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people egypt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
بدأ بي هو ال ذكر عمرو غربية
|
||||
|
||||
و قلت له انتم رافعين عليه قضية
|
||||
|
||||
أكيد متابعينك
|
||||
|
||||
عمرو غربية في امنستي و راجل حقوقي
|
||||
|
||||
و سالي زميلته معه شغالة معنا و بتساعدنا
|
||||
سالي مور
|
||||
صلاح أبو الفضل
|
||||
حسام عبد الله
|
||||
|
||||
سألني على أسامة رشدي بالتحديد
|
||||
|
||||
وقفة خالد سعيد
|
||||
اجتماع البرادعي
|
||||
حكاية الاستاد (أنا ال عملتها كلها من الألف إلى الياء)
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/شريف جابر.org
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/شريف جابر.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 8e864e08-69b2-4241-9434-8ffdaad95f00
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Sherief Gaber"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: شريف جابر
|
||||
|
||||
26
6_areas/people/عائدة الكاشف.org
Normal file
26
6_areas/people/عائدة الكاشف.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 926b8615-7270-4cf7-8537-576c09036c8d
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Aida El Kashef" "Kuta" "عائدة الكاشف"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: عائدة الكاشف
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people egypt
|
||||
|
||||
* Five different women from five different backgrounds have all committed the same crime
|
||||
|
||||
Samah, Bushra, Hanaa, Samia, and Doaa have all killed their husbands, some of these crimes were premeditated, and some were not. However, the result was the same: Years of pent up anger and a lifetime in prison.
|
||||
|
||||
Most of the film takes place in Ward No. 3 (Al-Qanater women’s prison’s ward for murderers), following and talking to 4 women who killed their husbands, three of which are serving a life sentence and one on death row. The fifth character also killed her husband and was sentenced to a life in prison; However, she got out 15 years later on good behavior. Each woman’s story exposes different entities that have let them down, whether it is the judiciary system, the church, Al Azhar or simply society.
|
||||
|
||||
Our five lead women tell their stories from the moment they killed their husbands: the time, the place and the weapon, going all the way back to their childhood and marriage.
|
||||
|
||||
Filming in the confined walls of ward no. 3 with the characters knowing that this might be their last chance to get their stories out creates a tension that will be reflected in the film. We (the film crew and the characters imprisoned) are restricted by the space and circumstances that lead them here. However, filming Bushra, the recently released charterer, as she tries to regain her life and leads us through it offers a unique perspective on a rare chance of a woman from ward no.3 having a life beyond prison and regaining control of her story. This contrast weaves the story together and helps place it in the bigger context of society!
|
||||
|
||||
خمس نساء مختلفات من خمس خلفيات مختلفة، ارتكبن كلهن نفس الجريمة.
|
||||
|
||||
قتلت كل من سماح، و بشرى، و هناء، و سامية، و دعاء زوجها. بعضهن عن عمد و أخريات غير ذلك. إلا أن النتيجة واحدة: سنوات من الغضب المحبوس و حكم بالسجن المؤبد.
|
||||
|
||||
تجري أغلب أحداث الفلم في عنبر رقم 3 (عنبر جرائم النفس في سجن القناطر للنساء)، و تتابع و تستمع لأربع نساء قتلت كل منهن زوجها: ثلاثة يقضين حكما بالمؤبد و الرابعة في انتظار الإعدام. أما الخامسة فقتلت زوجها أيضا و حكم عليها بالمؤبد، إلا أنها أفرج عنها بعد 15 عاما لحسن سلوكها. تعرض قصة كل امرأة كيف أن جهة ما خذلتها، إما نظام العدالة، أو الكنيسة، أو الأزهر، أو المجتمع كله ببساطة.
|
||||
|
||||
نساؤنا الخمس الأساسيات يحكين قصصهن من لحظة قتلهن لأزواجهن: الزمان، و المكان، و السلاح، ثم يعدن بالحكاية إلى طفولتهن و زواجهن.
|
||||
|
||||
و لأن التصوير مع الشخصيات الخمس بين حوائط العنبر رقم 3 يحتمل أن يكون الفرصة الأخيرة التي تخرج فيها قصصهن، فقد سبب ذلك توترا انعكس على الفلم. فقد قيدنا (نحن طاقم الفلم و السجينات كذلك) بقيود المكان و الظروف التي ساقتهن إلى ذلك الكان. إلا أن التصوير مع بشرى، التي أفرج عنها مؤخرا، و هي تحاول استعادة حياتها ألقت نظرة فريدة على فرصة نادرة الحدوث، حين تكون لواحدة من نساء العنبر رقم 3 حياة خارج السجن تعيد فيها السيطرة على مقدراتها. ينسج هذا التضاد خيوط القصة و يضعها في سياق المجتمع الأكبر.
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/عالم واصف.org
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/عالم واصف.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 182a67c6-8bb4-46ed-afd0-7c0d2a6358f0
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Aalam Wassef"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: عالم واصف
|
||||
|
||||
19
6_areas/people/علاء القمحاوي.org
Normal file
19
6_areas/people/علاء القمحاوي.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CREATED: 2016-04-09T16:14:09.2841870+01:00
|
||||
:MODIFIED: 2016-04-09T16:15:31.4822750+01:00
|
||||
:IMPORTED: 2023-02-08 19:22:45 -0500
|
||||
:ID: ed7fb985-801c-4933-8eb0-f69d6887f2d3
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: علاء القمحاوي
|
||||
|
||||
* علاء القمحاوي
|
||||
|
||||
Alaa Abdelmaqsoud
|
||||
Spobjergvej 35,1,-3
|
||||
8220 Brabrand
|
||||
Danemark
|
||||
|
||||
5573840002874514
|
||||
cvv:337
|
||||
09_2018
|
||||
|
||||
21
6_areas/people/علاء عبد الفتاح.org
Normal file
21
6_areas/people/علاء عبد الفتاح.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 5645b3f7-fee6-41bb-8fc9-a75b946b499d
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Alaa Abdelfattah"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: علاء عبد الفتاح
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people egypt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* [2013-11-29] بيان من اسرة علاء عبد الفتاح
|
||||
|
||||
حوالي الساعة العاشرة مساء اليوم 29 نوفمبر 2013، داهمت قوات الشرطة منزل الناشط علاء عبد الفتاح في القاهرة. لم تظهر الشرطة إذنا بالتفتيش، و تعدوا على منال، زوجة علاء، بالضرب عندما أصرت أن ترى ذلك الإذن، قبل أن تأخذ الشرطة معها كل الحواسيب و التليفونات و أجهزة إلكترونية أخرى في المنزل. حدث كل هذا بينما ينام ابنهما خالد، الذي يبلغ من العمر سنتين، في الغرفة المجاورة.
|
||||
|
||||
حدث هذا على خلفية فض عنيفة لمظاهرة وسط القاهرة يوم الثلاثاء 26 نوفمبر 2013 نظمت احتجاجا على المحاكمات العسكرية للمدنيين. فضت المظاهرة في أول تطبيق لقانون التظاهر المصري الجديد الذي يجرم المظاهرات عمليا، و قبض على 51 متظاهر على الأقل، من بينهم نشطاء معروفين. تعدت الشرطة على المتظاهرين بالضرب و اعتدت جنسيا على بعض النساء. أصدر الأمر بضبط عبد الفتاح لاحقًا في نفس اليوم بتهمة الدعوة للمظاهرات، كما أصدر أمر مماثل بضبط و إحضار أحمد ماهر مؤسس حركة 6 أبريل.
|
||||
|
||||
أعلن عبد الفتاح ليلتها أنه سيسلم نفسه يوم السبت 30 نوفبر، إلا أن قوات الشرطة اقتحمت بيته بالعنف الليلة. ما زلنا لا نعرف مكان عبد الفتاح، حيث رفضت الشرطة إبلاغ زوجته بأية معلومات عن مكانه أو ظروف احتجازه.
|
||||
|
||||
إضطهاد عبد الفتاح حدث كثير التكرار، فقد سُجن تحت نظام مبارك لمدة 45 يوما، وتحت حكم المجلس الأعلى للقوات المسلحة في 2011 عندما سلم نفسه عقب رجوعه من مؤتمر في سان فرانسيسكو، و قضى تقريبًا شهرين في السجن ولم يحظى بحضور ولادة ابنه خالد. واجه عبد الفتاح أيضا العديد من البلاغات الملفقة لترهيبه تحت حكومة مرسي في 2013 مع الساخر باسم يوسف.
|
||||
|
||||
القبض عليه الليلة بهذه الطريقة العنيفة يدعو للقلق، حيث تعرض كل من قبض عليهم في الأيام الماضية لاشتراكهم في المظاهرات للتعذيب على يد الشرطة. النظام البوليسي في مصر لا يزال فوق المحاسبة.
|
||||
|
||||
وضح االنشطاء المصريون أنهم سيقاومون قانون التظاهر القمعي الجديد، فقد شهدت أيام 26 و 27 نوفمبر مظاهرات شارك فيها الآلاف جالت وسط القاهرة و المنطقة المحيطة بالبرلمان، وفي مدن عدة في أنحاء مصر، و استمرت المظاهرات اليوم جامعتي القاهرة و الإسكندرية اللتان هوجمتا بقنابل الغاز و الأسلحة النارية، سقط على إثرها قتيل واحد من الطلاب على الأقل.
|
||||
8
6_areas/people/عمرو حمزاوي.org
Normal file
8
6_areas/people/عمرو حمزاوي.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 59610e07-ab34-4053-865e-c17ec6094768
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Amr Hamzawy"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+TITLE: عمرو حمزاوي
|
||||
#+DATE: [2023-07-22 Sat 14:22]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
41
6_areas/people/عمرو عزت.org
Normal file
41
6_areas/people/عمرو عزت.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 29345812-1f58-4538-9ff3-3db716d81ba0
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Amr Ezzat"
|
||||
:CREATED: [2009-06-04 Thu 11:33]
|
||||
:MODIFIED: [2009-10-05 Mon 00:55]
|
||||
:IMPORTED: [2023-02-08 Wed 19:22]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: عمرو عزت
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people egypt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* حلم
|
||||
|
||||
في الحقيقة يا جماعة , أنا جمعتكم النهاردة علشان أطلعكم على حلمين من سلسلة من الأحلام الجديدة اللي بدأت أشوفها بانتظام و أبطالها من الأصدقاء المدونين ...
|
||||
|
||||
الحلم الأول كان حفلة بمناسبة رجوع علاء و منال من إيطاليا . الحفلة كانت في شقة غريبة , أغرب من شقة منال و علاء في ثوبها الجديد . لكن الأغرب أن إحنا كنا بنقول لجاين يا منال , و منال ما كنتش موجودة في الحلم . احتمال كانت بتشتري حاجة , لكن كون جاين تلعب دور منال في الحلم و بالنظر لنقارها الدائم مع علاء , فالحلم من الزاوية دي بيطرح علاقة جديدة بين المسلمين و الأقباط في مصر . الأغرب و الأغرب إن أنا كنت في الحلم ده عامل ضفيرة و صابغها أزرق و كنت مستغرب جدا من الموضوع دع و ماسك بإيدي الضفيرة العجيبة و عمال أفتكر مين يا تري أعرفه عنده ضفيرة , أما عمرو غربية كان حالق شعره زيرو و كنا بنقوله يا مالك . مالك ما كانش موجود أما مينا فكان لابس بدلة ضابط و كلنا كنا قلقانين منه !
|
||||
|
||||
أما الحلم الثاني فكان عبارة عن فرقة موسيقية صغيرة و جمهور قاعد على ترابيزات مدورة في ساحة مكشوفة . أقدم لكم الفرقة, من اليمين : هيثم جار القمر على الإيقاع , واحد مش عارفينه على الجيتار , أنا على العود ... و مفاجأة الحفل مغنية الفرقة نهى عاطف ! الوضع كان غريب , و الحلم كان طويل جدا و مزعج .. الفرقة غنت أغاني كثيرة و بالكامل , نهى غنت " ما دام تحب بتنكر ليه " لأم كلثوم , و " الصلح خير قوم نتصالح " لنادية مصطفى , و " عارفة أحلى حاجة فيكي إيه " لحماقي و بعدين قلبنا أغاني الشيخ إمام .
|
||||
|
||||
الوضع كان كالاتي : الراجل الغريب على الجيتار كان بيميل على و يقول اسم الأغنية, و نهى تسمعه , الراجل مش معبر هيثم , هيثم بيميل لورا من ورا الراجل و يسألني - و احنا بنكون بدأنا فعلا العزف : " أغنية إيه .. أغنية إيه ؟ , و بعدين نهي في وسط الأغنية كانت بتستغل فترة كان الراجل بيعمل فيها ارتجالات على الجيتار وتسألني هو مين ده ؟ و أنا أقولها مش عارف . المشكلة الأكبر إني ما كنتش عارف أعمل أي حاجة بالعود اللي كان معايا , هيثم كان بيعزف ايقاعات افريقية وسط اغنية لأم كلثوم و الراجل بيعمل حاجات غريبة بالجيتار لكن لحن الأغنية طالع من حتة ما مكتمل بآلاته الأصلية .. بس من غير صوت المغني أو المغنية ... و نهى كانت بتغني بطريفة نشيد الصباح في الإذاعة المدرسية ! المكان كان تقريبا نادي الترسانة الرياضي اللي قضيت فيه معظم أوقات طفولتي , و الجمهور بيأكد ده , لأن أول ما قلبنا الشيخ إمام - خاصة إن نهي ما كانتش حافظة و كانت عمالة تغلط و تبص لي و أقولها مش فاكر ! - بدأت تصدر من الجمهور ألفاظ قبيحة و أصوات أنفية غير مهذبة و قام واحد قعد يرقص بطريقة " هانروح المولد " على أغنية " اتجمعوا العشاق في سجن القلعة " , و في الحلم سمعنا فعلا لحن المولد بيدخل على لحن الشيخ إمام , كل ده مع صوت نهى و صوت جيتار و ايقاع عجيب من هيثم و كان فيه حاجات غريبة بتطلع من العود . في لحظة ما اكتشفنا أزمتنا و الراجل بص لي باحتقار و قال لي انت بتعمل ايه ؟ قلت له : أنا ما باعرفش اعزف على العود أصلا , و بعدين بص لنهى : و انتي بتعملي ايه أصلا ؟ - كان مستفز جدا كأنه أول مرة يشوفنا , لكنه برضه ما عبرش هيثم خالص , و هيثم كان متضايق جدا من الموضوع ده . الراجل قام و حط الجيتار في شنطة و مشي و سابنا في نص أغنية مش فاكرها , و بعدين أنا سبت العود مكانه و هيثم ساب الطبلة الافريقية بتاعته و نهى قامت من قدام الميكروفون و رحنا كلنا نشرب حمص شام - ده بيؤكد مرة تانية ان المكان هو نادي الترسانة - و قعدنا نسأل نفسنا مين الراجل ده و احنا ايه اللي جابنا هنا و كنا بنعمل ايه ؟ أنا و نهى كنا بنسأل أسئلة كثيرة و متعجبين و بنضحك , لكن هيثم كان متضايق جدا و مقريف و كل شوية يشتم و يقول لنا ان الراجل ما كانش بيقول له على اسم الأغنية !
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ramy KA متهيألي لو قريت الحلم من الآخر للأوّل جايز يتضح المعنى أكثر
|
||||
|
||||
Ramy KA وكمان ما كانش معااك رضوى.. إنت مش هاتجيبها لبر شكلك :)
|
||||
|
||||
Mohammad Rabie
|
||||
|
||||
غالبا رضوى بره الحلم عشان تحلله<br />يا راجل و الله ضحكت كما لم أضحك من قبل ، خصوصا التضاد بين الشخصية و الشكل ، و على فكرة انا أول واحد تخيلت غربية أقرع ، بس كان بيحرض على الثورة
|
||||
|
||||
Haisam Yehia
|
||||
|
||||
ههههههههههه <br />..<br /> بس كون ان نهى تبقى المغنية الأولى للفرقه و كمان بتغني زي نشيد الصباح فدي قمة الملهاة و المسخرة !! .. الظريف ان من الحاجات القليلة اللي مش باعرف العب عليها بتاتا هي الطبلة و الايقاع بشكل عام .. بس مين الراجل ابن الجزمة ده .. قال يطنشني قال .. و حياة امي لو كنت معاكم لكنت طلعت ديكه !! هههههه
|
||||
|
||||
Shaher H.Ayad
|
||||
|
||||
متأكد إن هيثم كان بيلعب جيتار على أغاني الشيخ إمام؟ Mahammad Fathi
|
||||
|
||||
Shimaa Samir
|
||||
|
||||
كفايه ياعمرو انا مش قادره ابطل ضحك<br />انما موضوع ان نهي تغني دا شيء عادي لانها علطول بتغني وبتعلي صوتها بالغنا<br />وبعدين ايه الراجل الرزل اللي منفض لهيثم دا غايظني قوي انا كمان<br />:-D<br />و الضفيره الزرقاء بتاعتك دي صعب قوي اتخيلك بضفيره بصراحه<br />:-D<br />انا كمان بحلم بناس بتاخد مكان بعضها زي جاين ومنال كده وببقي طول الحلم بكلمهم وانا مستغربه جدااا الوش وش بني ادم والاسم اسم بني ادم تاني خالص<br />عاوزين نشوف تفسير وتحليل للموضوع اللخبطه بين الشخصيات دا يارفيق
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/فريدة نور الدين.org
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/فريدة نور الدين.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 8aa125eb-dd55-4909-9116-91fcb1539f4c
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Farida Noureldin"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+TITLE: فريدة نور الدين
|
||||
|
||||
2325
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش.org
Normal file
2325
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش.org
Normal file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
20
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش/2009-09-27-لبنى.org
Normal file
20
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش/2009-09-27-لبنى.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
||||
* لبنى
|
||||
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 1c680339-a38e-468a-a3f7-b9af72039436
|
||||
:CREATED: [2009-09-27 14:45:36]
|
||||
:CATEGORY: Lobna
|
||||
:IMPORTED: [2023-02-08 19:22:48-0500]
|
||||
:MODIFIED: [2009-09-27 14:45:48]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
لبنى
|
||||
|
||||
1. انت بتقولي احنا مش مع بعض (حتى لو جواك مش قصدك إننا مش مع بعض)،
|
||||
|
||||
2. و في وقت انت سيئة أنا مش هينفع ابقى معك و انت سيئة (بالذات لأنك متضايقة مني أنا).
|
||||
|
||||
3. مش المفروض أعمل حساب انت بتغيري من إيه و انت سايباني، و انت قلت لي روح نام مع ناس، بمن فيهم رندة و سلمى (مع إن فيه فرق بين الاثنين) و انت بتغيري من الاثنين (مع إن فيه فرق بين الاثنين)
|
||||
|
||||
4. مش عدل إنك علشان بتتضايقي يبقى تزعلي من حاجة انت نفسك بتعمليها
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
|
||||
* If you neither of you orgasmed, then you have not really slept with each other
|
||||
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 8673f57c-cf07-46be-91d2-5aed79633e2f
|
||||
:CREATED: [2010-03-30 07:26:38]
|
||||
:CATEGORY: Lobna
|
||||
:IMPORTED: [2023-02-08 19:22:45-0500]
|
||||
:MODIFIED: [2010-03-30 07:32:46]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you neither of you orgasmed, then you have not really slept with each
|
||||
other
|
||||
|
||||
(06:49:12) Amr Gharbeia: انت نمت معه؟
|
||||
|
||||
(06:49:22) Lobna Darwish: يعني
|
||||
|
||||
(06:49:27) Amr Gharbeia: يعني إيه؟
|
||||
|
||||
(06:49:44) Lobna Darwish: تقريبا اه
|
||||
|
||||
(06:49:48) Amr Gharbeia: إزاي؟
|
||||
|
||||
(06:50:11) Lobna Darwish: يعني لعبنا بس ما كملناش تماما
|
||||
|
||||
(06:50:18) Amr Gharbeia: يعني لحد فين كدا؟
|
||||
|
||||
(06:50:44) Lobna Darwish: يعني ماحدش فينا orgasmed
|
||||
|
||||
(06:50:56) Amr Gharbeia: بس دخلتم جوا بعض؟
|
||||
|
||||
(06:51:09) Lobna Darwish: اه
|
||||
16
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش/2010-06-06-Ten-years-from-now.org
Normal file
16
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش/2010-06-06-Ten-years-from-now.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
|
||||
* Ten years from now
|
||||
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 10e558c9-cade-4320-8759-fb7bfbae0e45
|
||||
:CREATED: [2010-06-06 08:35:42]
|
||||
:CATEGORY: Lobna
|
||||
:IMPORTED: [2023-02-08 19:22:50-0500]
|
||||
:MODIFIED: [2010-06-06 08:35:54]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ten years from now
|
||||
|
||||
ten years from now i can see it happening, you, me and probably an after conference dinner, maybe one of those ones that you hate.
|
||||
|
||||
you'll smile at me and pronounce my name in you funny way. Then i'm sure they'll be a kitchen, angry kisses and hurried fondles. And outdoor, it will be raining in the city, it will be raining in das capital. like that day. and like that day we will run into a corridor and hide between two pages, say 258-60 penguin print? and there we will smile once more, fondle much more, take our time this time. there we will debug c-m-c'. will you be there? i promise i'll wait near the city of capital just to cross your road again, i'm sure one day we'll debug it together. just like that night when it was raining in the city, in the city of das capital
|
||||
240
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش/2010-06-16-Lobna-chat.org
Normal file
240
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش/2010-06-16-Lobna-chat.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
|
||||
* Lobna chat
|
||||
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 39a6e1c4-4d13-4cfb-b35a-9fedbd5ff1f0
|
||||
:CREATED: [2010-06-16 09:46:02]
|
||||
:CATEGORY: Lobna
|
||||
:IMPORTED: [2023-02-08 19:22:47-0500]
|
||||
:MODIFIED: [2010-06-16 09:46:02]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Lobna chat
|
||||
|
||||
Me
|
||||
|
||||
Hi Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
Plane tickets to where?
|
||||
|
||||
12:01Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
to london and to cairo
|
||||
|
||||
12:02Me
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, they are expensive. I am sure the cross into Africa is even more expensive
|
||||
|
||||
12:03Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
yes but the bulk is in crossing the ocean
|
||||
|
||||
12:03Me
|
||||
|
||||
I am sure there are cheap last minute things
|
||||
|
||||
12:04Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
no
|
||||
|
||||
12:04Me
|
||||
|
||||
OK
|
||||
|
||||
And there is still money for the stay. You spend average 25K each summer in Egypt
|
||||
|
||||
12:05Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
yes, and the calender you gave ma is impossible
|
||||
|
||||
12:06Me
|
||||
|
||||
I am sure it can be organised if everything else is there
|
||||
|
||||
12:07Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
no but anyway nomoney
|
||||
|
||||
12:08Me
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, so what are you going to do?
|
||||
|
||||
12:09Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
no way out
|
||||
|
||||
12:09Me
|
||||
|
||||
Out of what?
|
||||
|
||||
12:09Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
of davis
|
||||
|
||||
12:10Me
|
||||
|
||||
So you are going to stay in Davis for the summer
|
||||
|
||||
12:10Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
i don't have choices
|
||||
|
||||
12:11Me
|
||||
|
||||
Are you going to work, study, or take a break?
|
||||
|
||||
12:12Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
i don't know, i'm tired and ready to break down
|
||||
|
||||
12:15Me
|
||||
|
||||
I feel I have been treated unjustly the last couple of days. I would like to discuss this at one point
|
||||
|
||||
12:15Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
:):)
|
||||
|
||||
12:16Me
|
||||
|
||||
I do not understand the smile
|
||||
|
||||
12:17Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
i'm smiling that i'm telling you that i'm ready to break down and you still want to te2leb el tarabiza
|
||||
|
||||
12:19Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
i'm smiling that i'm telling you that i'm ready to break down and you still want to te2leb el tarabiza
|
||||
|
||||
12:19Me
|
||||
|
||||
I take care of my emotional burden as I did yesterday when you were pressing on and despite it, so I am not dumping anything on you here. I am saying I want to talk.
|
||||
|
||||
فما فيش قلب ترابيزة لأن ما فيش خناق، زي ما ما كانش فيه خناق امبارح
|
||||
|
||||
12:21Me
|
||||
|
||||
How did you get money the last two years? Savings? Hasan?
|
||||
|
||||
12:21Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
ok. i was just telling you that i can't make it to anywhere because of the money
|
||||
|
||||
12:23Me
|
||||
|
||||
I know you were telling me that. I have been wondering where the money will come from all winter. How did you manage the previous years?
|
||||
|
||||
12:24Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
you never asked about my finance before, you shouldn't now
|
||||
|
||||
12:24Me
|
||||
|
||||
I did ask. Of course I did
|
||||
|
||||
and there is no reason to tell me not to ask now, even if I did not, but of course I did
|
||||
|
||||
12:25Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
no you didn't ask
|
||||
|
||||
even in the worst times
|
||||
|
||||
whatever
|
||||
|
||||
the end line is that i can't make it
|
||||
|
||||
12:26Me
|
||||
|
||||
Of course I did a lot, and each time I got the same answer: not now because it makes you tense
|
||||
|
||||
What is the plan for the summer then?
|
||||
|
||||
12:27Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
i don't know
|
||||
|
||||
12:28Me
|
||||
|
||||
Is this a final decision you are not going anywhere?
|
||||
|
||||
12:29Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
if i found money in the street it may change
|
||||
|
||||
12:30Me
|
||||
|
||||
Yes of course it will. No need to the sarcasm though
|
||||
|
||||
12:30Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
anyway it was going to be a very sad time
|
||||
|
||||
12:30Me
|
||||
|
||||
And now? Will it be a happy time?
|
||||
|
||||
12:31Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
no but it least you wont break my heart again which is the hardest for me
|
||||
|
||||
12:33Me
|
||||
|
||||
I can say the same thing about you, and it does not need us to be in the same place to do this
|
||||
|
||||
There is a good side to this. you can make some money or get on with school
|
||||
|
||||
12:34Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
for you it doesn't matter for me it does, each time i was trapped in you space, you were home and around you family and friends
|
||||
|
||||
i can't afford school and there is no jobs in summer around here
|
||||
|
||||
12:36Me
|
||||
|
||||
I know very well what matters to me and what does not, and you are wrong. You are talking as if you did not want to come to Egypt and as if it is possible I leave Egypt or the UK and live a few months in Cali, and as if you say I am welcome in Cali
|
||||
|
||||
12:38Me
|
||||
|
||||
Why can't you afford school? Hasan is going to afford it anyway next fall. Did he tell you he does not have the money now?
|
||||
|
||||
12:38Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
i'm just respeonding to you saying that it doesn't matter if we're together or apart because anyway we hurt.
|
||||
|
||||
i know he doesn't have the money now and there is other details
|
||||
|
||||
12:38Me
|
||||
|
||||
What other details?
|
||||
|
||||
12:39Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
the course offerings and other stuff
|
||||
|
||||
you don't give a shit about my education so don't come now to ask about all the details
|
||||
|
||||
12:40Me
|
||||
|
||||
The courses you need are not there? What other stuff?
|
||||
|
||||
12:40Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
yes, please stop stressing me
|
||||
|
||||
i can't
|
||||
|
||||
i'm about to break
|
||||
|
||||
12:41Me
|
||||
|
||||
I am not stressing you Lobna. Relax. You started talking about the money, so I am talking about the money
|
||||
|
||||
12:42Lobna
|
||||
|
||||
i'm a grown up, i can decide if i have the money or not, and if i had it i should pay the thousands that i owe to the fuckin bank
|
||||
|
||||
12:44Me
|
||||
|
||||
I am not trying to decide anything for you. You started talking and I showed interest. I think you like it when I show genuine interest. The bank debt is a problem, yes
|
||||
1786
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش/2010-07-19-Chat-with-Lobna.org
Normal file
1786
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش/2010-07-19-Chat-with-Lobna.org
Normal file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
260
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش/2010-08-23-Lobna-chat-on-rape.org
Normal file
260
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش/2010-08-23-Lobna-chat-on-rape.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
|
||||
* Lobna chat on rape
|
||||
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 15f47ead-16c8-4fa3-9f86-597ec556bb43
|
||||
:CREATED: [2010-08-23 08:49:43]
|
||||
:CATEGORY: Lobna
|
||||
:IMPORTED: [2023-02-08 19:22:52-0500]
|
||||
:MODIFIED: [2011-07-18 09:19:41]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Lobna chat on rape
|
||||
|
||||
[21/08/2010 00:18:41] Lobna Darwish: :)
|
||||
|
||||
[10:05:14] Gharbeia: :) :)
|
||||
|
||||
[10:06:09] Lobna Darwish: hi
|
||||
|
||||
[10:07:38] Lobna Darwish: how are you?
|
||||
|
||||
[10:13:44] Gharbeia: I am good. I miss you
|
||||
|
||||
[10:13:52] Gharbeia: How are you, beautiful eyes?
|
||||
|
||||
[10:14:24] Lobna Darwish: just back from outside and 7 men yelling at me
|
||||
|
||||
[10:16:18] Gharbeia: Yelling at you at home?
|
||||
|
||||
[10:16:37] Lobna Darwish: at a meeting
|
||||
|
||||
[10:16:52] Gharbeia: I see
|
||||
|
||||
[10:17:52] Lobna Darwish: i was yellign too tab3an:)
|
||||
|
||||
[10:18:33] Gharbeia: But of course
|
||||
|
||||
[10:19:54] Lobna Darwish: and nat went crazy when i mentioned in front of everybody what he has been telling everybody for months about us sleeping together
|
||||
|
||||
[10:20:57] Gharbeia: انت مصيبة برضع
|
||||
|
||||
[10:2100] Gharbeia: برضه
|
||||
|
||||
[10:22:10] Lobna Darwish: i was talking about consent and they kept going in cricles so i used us as an example and he went crazy, it's my first time to talk about and he has been with his wife bad mouthing me for months
|
||||
|
||||
[10:22:52] Gharbeia: I do not understand the context. Sorry
|
||||
|
||||
[10:23:21] Lobna Darwish: we are talking about the rape and violent action that took place in NY and i told you about
|
||||
|
||||
[10:23:33] Gharbeia: Oh, that
|
||||
|
||||
[10:23:34] Lobna Darwish: and consent is consent :)
|
||||
|
||||
[10:24:51] Gharbeia: See? You skipped the most important fact about the discussion: NY incident. Sometime we will install free software inside your head!
|
||||
|
||||
[10:25:09] Gharbeia: Speaking of which, I'd like to get your take on this talk
|
||||
|
||||
[10:25:46] Gharbeia: http://www.softwarefreedom.org/news/2010/feb/08/audio-and-video-eben-moglens-talk-freedom-cloud-no/
|
||||
|
||||
[10:26:23] Gharbeia: Eben Moglen is the lawyer behind PGP, FSF, Asterisk and many other things
|
||||
|
||||
[10:27:05] Lobna Darwish: i don't feel like listening to this now
|
||||
|
||||
[10:27:48] Gharbeia: When/if you want dear
|
||||
|
||||
[10:28:04] Lobna Darwish: and they went crazy when i refused to apologize for the sentence where we said that a guy who rapes will be punished and may not be able to have sex another time
|
||||
|
||||
[10:28:39] Lobna Darwish: really deep down most men do not think that rape is that big, specially when it's not a dark ally kind of rape
|
||||
|
||||
[10:34:44] Gharbeia: I do not take their stand of course, but I also think your argument is weak and need a bit of work on it
|
||||
|
||||
[10:35:20] Lobna Darwish: what argument?
|
||||
|
||||
[10:36:16] Lobna Darwish: my argument isn't weak, id on't think it's worth arguing about aslan, a person in power who abuse another person should be resisted in all forms including vioence
|
||||
|
||||
[10:36:53] Gharbeia: The argument that we should always believe a woman against a man like we believe a torture victim against a police officer
|
||||
|
||||
[10:38:18] Lobna Darwish: i didn't say that, what i'm saying i would always beleive a rape victim against their abuser when the abuser had exhibited previous anti-women actions and he actually talked to other people confesing that he raped her
|
||||
|
||||
[10:38:54] Gharbeia: That makes more sense, and a bit more clear now
|
||||
|
||||
[10:39:09] Gharbeia: So you ended up having another rundown with Nathan
|
||||
|
||||
[10:39:14] Lobna Darwish: nad yes i would beleive any woman accusing a man of raping her, we have no other way, a waoman loses so much when acussing a man of a rape that it doesn't happen if it's not true
|
||||
|
||||
[10:39:40] Gharbeia: That's wrong
|
||||
|
||||
[10:40:18] Lobna Darwish: and i actually recognize POWER, i beleive the opressed against the opresser, we know how frequent rape is and we know that women do not report it because they have to himuliate themselves and nobody believes them
|
||||
|
||||
[10:40:42] Lobna Darwish: just like marital rape, you can never prove it. I CHOOSE to beleive the woman
|
||||
|
||||
[10:41:03] Lobna Darwish: and i ethically bare the consequences of my position
|
||||
|
||||
[10:42:17] Lobna Darwish: otherwise one is telling men just to rape women as much as they want but just make sure nobody sees them
|
||||
|
||||
[10:43:01] Lobna Darwish: Amr i was on a table with 10 strong radical women, 6 of them were raped before in the most classical sense of the word
|
||||
|
||||
[10:43:27] Lobna Darwish: wake up, rape is everywhere and nobody says it because of this attitude, they can not prove it
|
||||
|
||||
[10:44:28] Gharbeia: Wake up. Your male comrades can be victims for this line of thought. If you are aware of this and are willing to accept it, then make a clear statement
|
||||
|
||||
[10:44:55] Lobna Darwish: what do you mean?
|
||||
|
||||
[10:45:38] Lobna Darwish: yes i know that my male comarades can be rapists, i try my best to be around men that i respect and trust but it's not easy to know what people realy do
|
||||
|
||||
[10:45:44] Gharbeia: I mean if you are consistent, you will have to beat me up if some woman said I raped her, regardless if I did or not
|
||||
|
||||
[10:46:01] Gharbeia: REGARDLESS if I did it or not
|
||||
|
||||
[10:46:29] Lobna Darwish: it's not automatic, but yes if she said so and i think it's logical i'd beat you
|
||||
|
||||
[10:46:43] Lobna Darwish: i would beat you if i think it happened
|
||||
|
||||
[10:47:15] Lobna Darwish: and yes my kind of evidence are not "beyoung reasonable doubt" but reasonable doubt of being guilty
|
||||
|
||||
[10:47:51] Lobna Darwish: rape happened in bedrooms, and i would prefer beating a man who didn't do it than making more and more women afraid to speak up and victims of rape
|
||||
|
||||
[10:48:12] Gharbeia: There is no 'I think' here. You say in this situation a woman's word is always worth more than a man's word, there is no room for 'I think'
|
||||
|
||||
[10:48:48] Lobna Darwish: no there is a story
|
||||
|
||||
[10:49:02] Lobna Darwish: i choose to act or not based on how convinced i am
|
||||
|
||||
[10:49:39] Lobna Darwish: and yes if it's down to a probable story without any evidence and a man and a woman's word, i'll stand by her side
|
||||
|
||||
[10:50:16] Lobna Darwish: unfortuantly most men do not film the rape like Islam nabih did with emad el kebir
|
||||
|
||||
[10:50:20] Gharbeia: Hmm. What you are saying now empties the previous argument of its meaning. The whole thing does not seem clear enough for me
|
||||
|
||||
[10:51:25] Lobna Darwish: it doesn't have to sound clear to anybody but the people who decide to take the action
|
||||
|
||||
[10:51:51] Lobna Darwish: i'm not "convincing" anybody, it's just a warning that this how we will deal with rapists
|
||||
|
||||
[10:52:08] Gharbeia: I do not mean clarity in the particular case, but the coherence of your argument
|
||||
|
||||
[10:53:05] Lobna Darwish: i don't care to make an argument this isn't about convincing men, we even refused to take men in such actions, and till now we didn't need to "convince" one woman that this is the right thing to do, they all know it's right
|
||||
|
||||
[10:53:27] Lobna Darwish: this is a statement not an argument, we do not care what men think
|
||||
|
||||
[10:54:58] Gharbeia: I am not asking to be convinced. I am just telling you how I see it. I can see more problems coming up, since you are beginning to hint to men-thinking and women-thinking
|
||||
|
||||
[10:55:15] Lobna Darwish: what?
|
||||
|
||||
[10:55:20] Lobna Darwish: mesh fahma
|
||||
|
||||
[10:55:56] Lobna Darwish: i don't think that women and men think differently, i just happen to think that palestinians and Israelis happen to think differently
|
||||
|
||||
[10:56:03] Lobna Darwish: it's a position not a nature
|
||||
|
||||
[10:58:30] Gharbeia: The discussion is dragging now. To come out with anything useful here, I think we can agree that you do not care what men think or if your comrades will be hurt if your line of thought becomes action
|
||||
|
||||
[10:59:11] Lobna Darwish: my line of thought is action and my comarades are being hurt by rape and sexual assault right now
|
||||
|
||||
[10:59:54] Lobna Darwish: next time you see a woman in cairo yelling at a man for grabbing her boobs or slapping him, go ask her for a video tape of the young inocent men groppin her
|
||||
|
||||
[11:01:15] Gharbeia: That's an incomplete way of presenting it, and it makes no sense to tell me what I already know. This is not where we disagree. I am not sure if this last sentence has any attitude in it, so I will assume it does not
|
||||
|
||||
[11:02:59] Lobna Darwish: it's exactly the same, the only difference is that the posibility of someone seeign the man grabbing her boobs is much higher than someone seeing him raping her on a date as his house
|
||||
|
||||
[11:04:49] Gharbeia: You are not telling me something I do not know dear. This is not where we disagree. Actually, I am not sure if we disagree because what you said ealier was emptied by what you said later, and there is some attitude in between, so I am not entirely sure what you mean, if you mean one thing in particular
|
||||
|
||||
[11:05:19] Lobna Darwish: ok
|
||||
|
||||
[11:06:47] Lobna Darwish: i'm just tired of men not thinking twice out of fear, think of those women
|
||||
|
||||
[11:09:20] Gharbeia: Yes, I have been assuming that throughout this discussion you have been not happy because somehow you think I am not thinking twice out of fear, which is not what I am doing. I am thinking twice obviously, and I am aware of the status of women, and I am actually interested in developing your argument because it does not hold. You are not interested because your assumption is I am afraid and I cannot be part of a solution because I am a man
|
||||
|
||||
[11:10:57] Lobna Darwish: no my position is that i don't care to have an argument, i don't care to see men joining this, and i think a man can be part of the solution, do not rape woman, interevene for woman and give them a safe space to come out
|
||||
|
||||
[11:12:11] Gharbeia: And what you do not say to be part of a solution, a man has to accept a broken back if some woman said he raped her, even if he did not
|
||||
|
||||
[11:13:41] Lobna Darwish: no, nobody gonna break his back, and yes i think he got enough privelege to pay off a beat up. I can't risk all women living in fear of rape and rape itself and not telling becuse they do not have DNA evidence and we do not have DNA labs
|
||||
|
||||
[11:14:40] Gharbeia: So you will beat him nicely out of his ability to have sex, and that's a price of being a comrade
|
||||
|
||||
[11:15:06] Lobna Darwish: no that's a price of raping a woman
|
||||
|
||||
[11:16:02] Gharbeia: But we are talking here about a man who did not rape a woman
|
||||
|
||||
[11:16:34] Lobna Darwish: no we're talking about a man a woman is accusing of raping her
|
||||
|
||||
[11:16:48] Gharbeia: But he did not
|
||||
|
||||
[11:17:20] Lobna Darwish: we don't know
|
||||
|
||||
[11:17:41] Lobna Darwish: let's stop taling about it, it will be a fight
|
||||
|
||||
[11:17:54] Lobna Darwish: this is my position and this is yours
|
||||
|
||||
[11:19:33] Gharbeia: There are no two conflicting positions here. I am trying to turn your position into something better by asking if there is a way to remove that fraction of men who will end up beaten because some woman said he raped her, while he did not
|
||||
|
||||
[11:20:06] Lobna Darwish: no there is no way, other than being god
|
||||
|
||||
[11:20:12] Lobna Darwish: and i'm ok with that
|
||||
|
||||
[11:20:28] Gharbeia: You are OK with bieng god :)
|
||||
|
||||
[11:21:14] Lobna Darwish: no, i'm ok with taking the risk
|
||||
|
||||
[11:21:55] Gharbeia: You are not taking any risk. Your comrades are
|
||||
|
||||
[11:22:19] Lobna Darwish: no i'm tab3an
|
||||
|
||||
[11:23:14] Gharbeia: No you are not. You are taking the ethical risk. That's like going to a war and knowing it will be messy
|
||||
|
||||
[11:23:58] Lobna Darwish: yes it will
|
||||
|
||||
[11:2500] Gharbeia: Yes, and that's a warrior's dilemma. OK. But this is very different than the people who end up caught in between, especially if they want to be on your side
|
||||
|
||||
[11:25:32] Lobna Darwish: if they really want to be on our side they'd understand
|
||||
|
||||
[11:25:50] Gharbeia: They'd understand being beaten up?
|
||||
|
||||
[11:26:12] Lobna Darwish: yes, if they really want to be on our side
|
||||
|
||||
[11:28:40] Gharbeia: This is a bit problematic. I can see the argument making some sense if you are working class and I am middle class. At one point I have will have to make a choice and join the revolution. I can see the relevance if you are Palestinian and I am a Jew born in Israel and have radical politics. I can leave or actually join your ranks with my family. I cannot see this logic with males and females, because there is nothing you or I can do about the fact that we have the sexes we have
|
||||
|
||||
[11:29:47] Lobna Darwish: yes and there is nothing you and I can do about you having all the priveleges, it's like being black and being whitew
|
||||
|
||||
[11:30:33] Gharbeia: So what I am saying is that the logic is one, but it is a good stretch of the logic when it comes to gender and race
|
||||
|
||||
[11:30:56] Lobna Darwish: i don;'t think so
|
||||
|
||||
[11:31:10] Lobna Darwish: let's not fight, i fought with 7 friends today
|
||||
|
||||
[11:31:39] Gharbeia: I am not saying it is necessarily an over-stretch, just to be clear. I am looking into this with you, not against you
|
||||
|
||||
[11:32:57] Gharbeia: So the question is really, what to do of innocent victims from the previliged group when people have no power whatsoever deciding which group they are born into
|
||||
|
||||
[11:33:50] Lobna Darwish: yes and they get all the priveleges regarding being feminsit or not
|
||||
|
||||
[11:34:01] Lobna Darwish: amr please stop it i cna't fight anymore
|
||||
|
||||
[11:34:13] Lobna Darwish: ebough men yelling at me for the day
|
||||
|
||||
[11:39:52] Gharbeia: I am not fighting at all Lobna, or yelling at all. Cool-minded discussion. You can stop if you want. To me, there seems to be a difference of choice between class and similar almost solved social issues (old-style slavery for example), and issues like gender and race. Class, gender and race are the main three social problems we are facing now, and we will face two more in the future which are even more complex than gender: children and then animals and living creatures. At present, however, I think we need to work more on the difference between class from one end and race and gender from another.
|
||||
|
||||
I am saying this realising how a real-world issue these problems are, so please no flames
|
||||
|
||||
[11:41:41] Lobna Darwish: ok i just can't fight with you again about these stuff
|
||||
|
||||
[11:41:50] Gharbeia: We are not fighting
|
||||
|
||||
[11:42:47] Gharbeia: I see you are not talking. Let's close it here dear
|
||||
|
||||
[11:43:34] Lobna Darwish: i'm sorry i'm so tired and feeling abused out of all thus yelling today
|
||||
|
||||
[11:44:22] Gharbeia: I am sorry you are tired. Please do not feel abused. What were they saying?
|
||||
|
||||
[11:45:23] Lobna Darwish: 5 hours meeting and ltos of shouting mainly towards me and soem nathan hestaria
|
||||
|
||||
[11:45:39] Gharbeia: Shouting saying what?
|
||||
|
||||
[11:46:24] Lobna Darwish: stuff about the feminist block and the NY incident and about a communique we were writing
|
||||
|
||||
[11:46:26] Lobna Darwish: i'm too tired
|
||||
|
||||
[11:46:47] Gharbeia: I can see this. You do not want to talk about it
|
||||
|
||||
[11:46:52] Gharbeia: Go get rest dear
|
||||
30
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش/2012-07-04-حد-صاحبي.org
Normal file
30
6_areas/people/لبنى درويش/2012-07-04-حد-صاحبي.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
|
||||
* حد صاحبي
|
||||
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 6eea5176-f770-41b6-98a1-ddce6a236256
|
||||
:CREATED: [2012-07-04 08:33:36]
|
||||
:CATEGORY: Lobna
|
||||
:IMPORTED: [2023-02-08 19:22:45-0500]
|
||||
:MODIFIED: [2012-07-04 08:33:45]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
حد صاحبي
|
||||
|
||||
عندي مشاكل حقيقية مع الستات و how I related لهم. باحبك و انت ضعيفة
|
||||
|
||||
و دا مش انت بس
|
||||
|
||||
باعوزك. ما كنتش باعوزك
|
||||
|
||||
عمري ما كنت باحس بPASSION دايما الموضوع نظري و ما فيش حاجة special. كل حاجة عادي. ما فيش حاجة تستاهل كل حاجة
|
||||
|
||||
أنا و ليلى موضوع ممثل جدا جدا لعلاقتنا. عدم اهتمام فظيع. الموضوع بالنسبة للبنى مش emotional.
|
||||
|
||||
قالت لي كل مرة و أنا مش فاهم قد إيه هي مش مهمة. بتنبهر. مش بتنبهر، بتتخض
|
||||
|
||||
باحاول أفكر أن الوقت كان لطيف، و عموما يستاهل و فيه potential، لكن الحقيقة هو ما فيهوش أي حاجة من دا
|
||||
|
||||
هي لسة مش عارفة أنا موجوع أو لأ
|
||||
|
||||
عملت حاجات جنان تماما.
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/ليل زهرة-مرتضى.org
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/ليل زهرة-مرتضى.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: a9304475-c20e-4e1a-a5e7-93163f0d35d7
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Imad Mortada" "Leil Zahra-Mortada"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: ليل زهرة-مرتضى
|
||||
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/محمد العجاتي.org
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/محمد العجاتي.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 86022835-a398-41cb-947f-14ed3d2a0b72
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Mohamed El Agati"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: محمد العجاتي
|
||||
|
||||
7
6_areas/people/محمد فتحي كلفت.org
Normal file
7
6_areas/people/محمد فتحي كلفت.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 04a05025-6ce4-47c6-8138-207704a47c17
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+TITLE: محمد فتحي كلفت
|
||||
#+DATE: [2023-07-25 Tue 17:56]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
7
6_areas/people/مصطفى حسين.org
Normal file
7
6_areas/people/مصطفى حسين.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: d8ab8b36-da86-472e-af34-98a1be118871
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: Moftasa "Mostafa Hussein"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+TITLE: مصطفى حسين
|
||||
#+DATE: [2023-08-02 Wed 00:39]
|
||||
|
||||
15
6_areas/people/ناريمان يوسف.org
Normal file
15
6_areas/people/ناريمان يوسف.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: fe56f2f1-d8b3-4610-acf3-279fd6ed54f1
|
||||
:CREATED: [2023-02-19 Sun 14:08]
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Nariman Youssef"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: ناريمان يوسف
|
||||
|
||||
- [X] Gin story (you said, but is there one I don’t know?
|
||||
- [X] Note-taking system
|
||||
- [ ] AI & translation
|
||||
- [ ] Nails
|
||||
- [X] Nari always wanting to be somewhere else
|
||||
- [ ] Retirement home
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
17
6_areas/people/نانسي عقيل.org
Normal file
17
6_areas/people/نانسي عقيل.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 5e9f6e6a-86c2-4f41-a9f1-3909dc82de29
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Nancy Okail"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: نانسي عقيل
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people egypt
|
||||
|
||||
* Measurements
|
||||
|
||||
| | 2020 | | 2021 |
|
||||
| Nancy | inch | cm | |
|
||||
| bust | 37 | 94 | 37 |
|
||||
| chest | 31 | 80 | 30 |
|
||||
| waist | 27.5 | 70 | 27.5 |
|
||||
| hips | 36.5 | | 37 |
|
||||
| shoes | 37.5 | | |
|
||||
| | | | |
|
||||
22
6_areas/people/نجلاء رزق.org
Normal file
22
6_areas/people/نجلاء رزق.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ORIGINAL-FILENAME: /home/amr/.local/share/gnote/51c546b3-8755-4e74-b89f-eaf8b74dac5e.note
|
||||
:IMPORTED: 2023-02-08 19:22:49 -0500
|
||||
:MODIFIED: 2012-11-25T16:25:03.120540Z
|
||||
:CREATED: 2012-11-25T16:20:54.756293Z
|
||||
:ID: 6b6a0cca-2841-4792-8e25-cbe36564f49f
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Nagla Rizk"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: نجلاء رزق
|
||||
|
||||
* Nagla Rizk
|
||||
|
||||
Berkman Center fellowship
|
||||
|
||||
A2K4D membership
|
||||
|
||||
Telecom infrastructure
|
||||
|
||||
FOIA laws comparison
|
||||
|
||||
IP clause in the constitution
|
||||
|
||||
13
6_areas/people/نرمين نزار سرحان.org
Normal file
13
6_areas/people/نرمين نزار سرحان.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 3c12d53d-94d0-4dc2-9866-6f079191c4a4
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Nermin Nizar Serhan"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: نرمين نزار سرحان
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people egypt lebanon
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
** نرمين نزار عن وائل خليل
|
||||
|
||||
وائل
|
||||
اتفقت انا وعمرو غربية اني اكتب عنك بس بصراحة مش عارفة اكتب اقول ايه. كان المفروض اكتب انك من المؤسسين للمجموعة المصرية لمناهضة العولمة وانك ابو احمد الي عنده حوالي سبع سنين وانك جوز لمياء وانك مهندس بس الحقيقة اني لما جيت اكتب عنك او لما بفتكرك عموما كل الي بيجي في بالي حاجات تانية. بيجي في بالي كلمتك ليا لما بتكسف اروح اي حتة عامة بأبني "زقي الباب برجلك وادخلي" انت مش عارف قد ايه الكلمة دي فرقت في اني اتحول من كوني حد مشلول بوجود طفل في مسؤوليته لوحده طول الوقت لحد فاعل في الدنيا على قد ما يقدر. بفتكر وانت بتتكلم مع حد بشكل هادي قوي بس صارم وبعدين تتدور وتعبير الصرامة الجامد الي على وشك يتحول بسرعة شبه افلام الكارتون لضحكة كأنك بتسأل كانوا كويسيين الكلمتين دول؟
|
||||
بفتكر نظرات تشجيعك ليا لما اقول رأي وتقول انك موافقني عليه وانت مش فاهم قبل كده كنت قد ايه بتكسف اقول رأيي في امور عامة. بفتكر قدرتك المذهلة على التعامل مع كل اشكال البشر. بفتكر اخلاصك لأجيج الي بيحسسني اني عليا مسؤولية انه كل حاجة حتعملها اجيج لغاية ما انت تطلع من السجن تكون ناجحة وعلى المستوى الي كان ممكن تكون عليه لو انت معانا. لما تطلع وتقرا الكلام ده حتستغرب اكيد. انا عارفة اني مرات بسلم ببرود وانك يمكن مش وصلاك مشاعري دي كلها علشان كده، بس الي انت مش عارفه انه ده بس لأني شخص شديد الخجل مع الناس الي يهموني بجد. انت مش متخيل انت قد ايه كنت حد من الناس الي انا بسمع لهم بشغف وبتعلم منهم وقد ايه كان بيفرق معايا في كل حاجة عامة بعملها انت رأيك وموقفك ايه مش بس لأني بعتبرك استاذ بس كمان لأن رأيك عمره ما بيبقى خالي من فكرة العامل الأنساني. الناس الي حيمسها الكلام ده محتاجة ايه وبتعمل ده من غير كلام كتير وجعجعة ودعاية. انت بتصدق في البني ادمين قوي وفي امكانية انهم يتغيروا ويغيروا علشان كده انا متأكده انك متصدق قوي كمان. كلنا مستنينك
|
||||
6
6_areas/people/هدى الصدة.org
Normal file
6
6_areas/people/هدى الصدة.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 27b6e9e3-a350-4756-895f-0a954f3111f7
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Hoda El Sadda"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: هدى الصدة
|
||||
|
||||
22
6_areas/people/يارا سلام.org
Normal file
22
6_areas/people/يارا سلام.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 3941ce01-5696-4ce4-a678-0eb948b0d067
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Yara Sallam"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: يارا سلام
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people egypt
|
||||
|
||||
*** عزيزتي يارا
|
||||
|
||||
عزيزتي يارا
|
||||
|
||||
الرسالة دي وقفت عند "عزيزتي يارا" و رجعت أكملها ثاني بعد سنة من ما بدأتها، و مدة السنة كانت صدفة. أنا بدأتها لما كنت باسمع أغنية Weave me the sunshine لبيتر و بول و ماري يوم ما وصلت أنت القناطر، و باكملها دا الوقت بعد لما طلعت لي ثاني من 23,870 أغنية.
|
||||
|
||||
وقفت المشروع ال كنا هنشتغل عليه مع بعض، لأن الوقت مش مناسب و الظروف كمان، و لأني حاولت أبدأ حاجة ثانية. كنت مخطط أبدأ مزرعة بعد ما قعدت سنين أذاكر و أتعلم. ببساطة هي تجربة لحياة مستقلة باطراد في الظروف دي: إحياء التربة و إثراء دورة الماية و الكربون، نباتات و حيوانات أكثر تدريجيا، و بيت يبنيه أهله بنفسهم و يقدر يوفر احتياجاتهم من غير أي مواسير داخلة أو خارجة، و فرصة علشان كل دا يكبر و يوسع و ينفع ناس أكثر و يحقق الزفت الاستقرار. لكن، قبل ما أنقل لحتة الصحرا ال ملك العيلة من عشرات السنين، اكتشفت أن حد احتلها و بدأ يستغلها، و المفاوضات مستمرة معه من ساعتها. و زهقت! بس لغاية ما المشكلة دي تتحل، أنا باجرب على مقاس أصغر: باتعلم أعمل كومبوست من بقايا الأكل و ورق الشجر (ما فيش زبالة بتترمي!) و باصلح بيه جنينة ييت الأهل المهملة، و باتفرج على النباتات و هي بتكبر.
|
||||
|
||||
الناس، زي ما أنت غالبا متابعة، كل يوم مشغولين بحاجة غير اليوم ال قبله، و فيه تعاطف empathy جماعي على إنترنت، و هيستيريا جماعية كمان. لكن معروف أن ظروفنا كلنا صعبة. أنا شخصيا، و للمفاجأة، في كل العشر سنين ال فاتوا ما فيش حاجة أثرت علي قد حبستك.
|
||||
|
||||
باختصار، مش فايتك حاجة كبيرة. كلها حاجات صغيرة كثيرة، كلها مهمة و أغلبها متأجل. مكتبك بيتنقل زي ما هو من عمارة أنت عارفاها لعمارة ثانية أنت برضه عارفاها. و هتطلعي تلاقينا كلنا على حطة يدك، لكن أعقل شوية (بيتهيأ لك؟) و يمكن كمان حالنا أحسن. و لغاية ما دا يحصل (لغاية ما تطلعي، مش لغاية ما نعقل)، راوية واخدة مكانك في الأفراح و الأتراح.
|
||||
|
||||
الأغنية خلصت و بدأت 500 miles بعدها. Lord I am five hundred miles from my home.
|
||||
|
||||
عمرو. 19 يونيو 2015. في أول خطاب مكتوب بخط اليد من أكثر من عشرين سنة.
|
||||
24
6_areas/people/ياسر الهواري.org
Normal file
24
6_areas/people/ياسر الهواري.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: 9d227dad-9569-42c4-852d-abfe8916f22b
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Yasser El Hawary"
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+TITLE: ياسر الهواري
|
||||
#+DATE: [2023-07-22 Sat 14:22]
|
||||
|
||||
طبقا [[id:d501b267-7f10-49a9-94a1-e83c06ba7ca8][لبلال فضل]]، قد يكون [[id:9d227dad-9569-42c4-852d-abfe8916f22b][ياسر الهواري]] و [[id:59610e07-ab34-4053-865e-c17ec6094768][عمرو حمزاوي]] يعملان حاليا سويا ضمن مشروع وثيقة صورة مصر و مستقبل النظام
|
||||
|
||||
** [[https://m.facebook.com/yasser.elhawary1?mibextid=LQQJ4d][Yasser El Hawary | Facebook]]
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:TITLE: Yasser El Hawary | Facebook
|
||||
:URI: https://m.facebook.com/yasser.elhawary1?mibextid=LQQJ4d
|
||||
:CREATED: [2023-07-22 Sat 14:19]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
** [[https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid0aGVf4Z7U2vxCExDx6mAGfjkfs5ZpPgjqy2w5bwq5FdL2BRGpcN274HrnaqZ3uZVUl&id=100081977918195&mibextid=qC1gEa][فيه ناس موجودين في الحياة مش بيعرفو... - Abdelrahman Tarek | Facebook]]
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:TITLE: فيه ناس موجودين في الحياة مش بيعرفو... - Abdelrahman Tarek | Facebook
|
||||
:URI: https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid0aGVf4Z7U2vxCExDx6mAGfjkfs5ZpPgjqy2w5bwq5FdL2BRGpcN274HrnaqZ3uZVUl&id=100081977918195&mibextid=qC1gEa
|
||||
:CREATED: [2023-07-22 Sat 14:18]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
موكا عن ياسر الهواري
|
||||
17
6_areas/people/يسري خليل.org
Normal file
17
6_areas/people/يسري خليل.org
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: f55f797f-04e8-4694-80eb-cafd8e01c8a3
|
||||
:ROAM_ALIASES: "Youssri Khalil"
|
||||
:CREATED: [2009-05-16 Sat 02:28]
|
||||
:MODIFIED: [2009-05-16 Sat 02:28]
|
||||
:IMPORTED: [2023-02-08 Wed 19:22]
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
#+title: يسري خليل
|
||||
#+FILETAGS: !private people egypt
|
||||
|
||||
** سفسطة
|
||||
|
||||
كدا أنا بدأت أفهم. أنت تتحدث عن دولة مستقلة ذات سيادة اسمها لبنان، ولها جيش موحد اسمه الجيش اللبناني. لبنان بلد عربي وبالتالي لا ينبغي أن تكون له علاقة مباشرة بالصراح المسلح الدائر على أرض فلسطين، وينبغي أن يترك ذلك للحركات المسلحة الإرهابية الأخرى داخل فلسطين، إسلامية ويسارية وقومية، على الرغم من أن تلك الحركات تدمر عملية السلام في الشرق الأوسط.
|
||||
|
||||
الاستيطان عملية طبيعية في تاريخ المنطقة والبشرية، ولا فارق نوعي بينها وبين معركة اليرموك التي قتل فيها 36 ألفا من العرب المسلمين بقيادة خالد بن الوليد 130 ألفا من الروم.
|
||||
|
||||
صح، حزب الله دولة داخل دولة وتحاول إلحاق أكبر أذى ممكن بإسرائيل وتهدف إلى تحرير القدس وإعادة اللاجئين، الذين قد لا يكونون فعلا لاجئين نشد على أيديهم وندعو لهم بالنصر.
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user