are dug pul lp base and clayeblkd pr lalpeked by verpeal plasllr parrrers sp lhal lherrwaler lar Mad) alsp llows rnlp rhe rnlereeplpr drlehes, rrrd lherree lp slrearns, ur lrprn uphrll drrrh areas VI: prpes lp dams pr slprapes Waler rs then avarlable la slprk and wrldllle as waledlples where np sueh souree pl lreslrwaler al head preyrpusly ekrsled lvrpsl seepage npws perur al less lhan 1 rn depth. her deep sand searns lo ll rn depth ean be dug cm by paek—hpe and lllpelred by uerlleal plasrrs sheels purred in a day hnkfill Sand rearns are deleeled by backhoe dlggms, radar [mm salellue, pr lpeally by dowimg. WM" banks are rpnslnreled, as rnany pl these deeper seepages as ppssrhle are hlpeked. lzssumls surlaee Revise lawer ln lhe ealehrnenl where lrre shafluw aqurlers drsclurge ln elleel, seepage eprnes lap slandsllll. peep sands pr pld dunes dp npl rpllapre lllley are, aller all, up rp m. srlrea sand eralasl bul lrrsread ael as nesllwaler lanks", saline an lne landseape and seeprng slowly l-rprn llrerr laase. lnlereeprpr d ns dpwnslrrpe h-mn smh sandy areas rernarn walrr- led wrln l-resh warer as eanals all year, and are very aflnuwa lp wmariawl, srnall lrsh, and waler planls The rnreresplpr hanks rul all lresnwaler seepage warer lrprrr lhese, and also lrpnr sall lakes pr danrs lhal lre above valley larner, direelrng rl harmlessly la strum and "ms prevenlrng l.ne wlrrler flooding pl surlaee splls SIR lakes ean have early wel.seaspn llppds dryerred arpund lnern, and pnly laler l-reslr mm)” walers are druerled lp lrll lllenr ln lhrs way lhey beeprnesurled lp nsh and walrrlrrwl The penelrml elleels pl rnrerreplpr banks are rapldly eyrdenr dewnslppe Wlnd erpsrpn and llbpdrnrr ln rnlns (eases on ennslnrelrpn Craps regarn healrh, lerrrlrsers are no lpneer washed away, dying rrees muVeL and new rrees ean esuhlnll lllrey pllen appear an lhe banks sppn aller mnslmumm Lnngdeml srrrl remvery and gnuy ellnnnarrpn ran, however, lake up ln in years pl earelul husbandry Treelrnes 5-8 nees wrde Maw each bank slpps lhe dryingvm ellesl pl rhe deserl wrnds, and elrrrunales wrnd erpslpn an llre fields The uphrll srde pl drlelres are lell Inc 0! bus ur ease nrarnlenarrre rs needed l rannpl m'elsm‘ss me rrnpprranee, lo every rppnlry, nl llns melldesmd peesenl apprparh lp sell and warer epnserualrpn. and lhe mMequem reversal plsall scalds, gulhes, and desenifimnflm ln hard easn rerrns, lhe larrners l spoke wrln rn Wesr Auslnlxa esbrrrare lhal m 57 years, (ash relurns lrprn rnrreased llvealpek and rrpp yrelds pay lar all llle earlhwprk We epuld all help by rnveslrng rn sueh peneneral and rernedral wprk lhar salkalfllned larrners lhernselurs may nrrl be able to allprd We might also rnsrsr llnar prrr gnvemmenl (Duh/(SB rn llns work. as rnurll purre land has been lasl re sall lnan we ran ever replare, ll we are ever lp pal prrr eepnrrrnre pnprrlres nghl, lnrs ard ln prerenung sall rnusl lake pmcdme aver \houghlless rnvesrrnenls rn lhe srpek rnarkel and real rsrare lrelds lhal deslrpy real weallh merely lp rnake money We rn sl rplleue lhe pressure on lhe land lhal eauaed lne rpllapseplmlr rural sprls rn lhelrral plaee rRls Dryland salfing rs alrrlhuled lp rlsIIIg grpundwalers dernred l-rrrrn delprerled aquxkts rn Vlduna; spnle pl lhe deep rand aqurlera sampled epnlalned very ralry waler (ammo—42,000 ppm), rreh rn iron, and uldles Where rlrese eyenlually surlaee, lsllxloo pprn sall rs passublr in llgmns pr creek ”(pips Alluhm him- slune aqulkls may have less spdrurrr sall lpns law-sow pprnl and ran supply domefllt prslpek when ln nrany areas pl Vrelpna and inland Auslraha, waler lables are ln any ease high, and rl lhese deep leads drsellarse lrrrp lherrl, sall L5 npl lar belpw lhe surlase Here, ll» answer rs lp veskne lpresls ln lhe hrlls and plarns wnrle lrle drains and pnmpm; pan kdnu wellarld sakmg, dryland sallrng yla aqurler drsellaree ls lbp Inge a prpplern la salve by rnesllanlral purnplne l( ls clearly eyrdenl lhal country under lures: (m rhe sarne areasl ls nnl ralled, ll ls rhe agnruhural elearrns and wppd4hrpprng, ur nel lpresl loss, lhar ereales sall desens ln Vrelprra, rnlereeplpr banks have npl been wrdely ' led, and sell eallapse ls npl rnvbked as an expl-nihm lpr lhe hrpadseale sall mpasu llral are phvrpps abpve lhe sealed pr rernenled 'B' horimns pl «he sprls, and lhal ereale sunken pllslrearn sall lakes al lhe lppl pl slopes ln drylands, any rrse ln waler lalale pr eprnpaerrnrl pl so“ ean he laken as a warnrng pl sdlhng danger Suva laee rrldreaurrs are brpwnlslr palehes pl sea barley prasslllnrdernl murmumm} and pueklhprn planlarn llwlrrrlrxp rprnpprrsl Cnrps lpse vigor. and lhe subsprl rs salurared and anrembre M a gmndwaler level pl l a rn 0! so, raprllary soll aeupn lakes peer, and suelace rvapprallpn pl sprl warer ereales sall tms|s relllpreseeneesl Silled areas rhen spread uplnll. rushes evalve rlrrru- l. and bare sprl areas rnereare ln Wesr Auslnha. lhe uphrll spread rs allrrpuled lp lhe dammmg pl grpundwaler flow by lnwer areas pl callapred sprls We: years eearerlrale llne prpblern. wllrrll does npl neeessarrly reeede rn dry years. n ls pbylpus ural evrlgmn rrees, lransprnne mare waler llran erpps, keep llre warer uble dawn and pee per leaner rarn rnlrllrarlpn and sprl pore spaee A! lhe sarne rrnre. rpresls rn drylands exerele sal:s which aeeuanalale rn surlare sprls. and u as lnese salls rlral are lurlher reneenlrared by sarl epllapse ln llre Wesl Aeslralran sprls, pyer granlles and gums“: areas, sall reserves lp 20 m deep are mu lrl lmxl l/ha, and rnpsl bl rhrs lres belpvv 2 an, pr heldw lhe lpresl rppl eprle ln Vlrulrra, basall eap solls are 50nd lnhllrauon alpas Rarnlall rpnrarns sln pprn sall, derlved lrprn llre mm pprn pl seawaler San Lonkm lalls oll rnland. and rarn deppsus 274w kglha/yux rn Vrelpna ll wnuld lake 100,000 years al 59 kg/h; lp llnrld up rhe sprl sall levels npled [or vvesl Aush’allm Sale lpss by srreanr flow (mnmng rp seal dbom equals llral (Dining in as rarn llrenre " yclK‘ salel. hue where areas are tar-erred, sall levels rn sueaprs ean be 20 hrnes nrgner as epnnale sall rs rnoprlraed by groundwalers and sprl 407