~ Gluing over eanals, rulugcs, nr buxlding rall
aalurnns lnsulaled lnrnl me null. and enlder walers, as
heal reluges Yovculd»luldu nsll (fig-In n.17l,

. I’mvidmg heal reluges as cinhrmvered plpea,
snaded eanals, ur Ranks 015 rn or so deep .n sha|klw
ponds

Adapled Ideal llsll generally need llllle assrsranee (o
survive. hm seleered sloels or male llfll ean requne
wings lar a weelr or rnnre nl sane-rue wealller, wnere
na local heal sourees are laund, pund waler pumped
um a dark 1001, rocks, or rcmflu areas vcw elllclenlly
ealraels salarneal ar elose [0 move Efllnnlzy seenansol
blmmfll mad can lse used .n llns way, orean have pxpfi
laurred under llleln ar l-s ern depll. as lllennnl
uphuning sysrenrs lor pond healing in mnler
Glasshouses lo nald srnall ponds, eolnpasl heal.
edlleemls and Hough reneelars are all srralegles ln
nlalnraln lleal for lngller pnaduellan Gains ln ylelds al
Iron 2 lo 5 lrnles are ealnnlon where ponds are
regulared w uplrnuae (coding aeuvny and (pod growl»,

Hauling devlees ean ralse waler levels a-c Dr m
lglaasnausesl, and inhough llus dnem‘l snund
specurulax, ll ean ealend lne gnawing penodaol Ash by
30-40% (New suenlnl, In June, 1977) Callaerors, pt
eaurse, depend on ms area 0! :0“an relallve |c me
pond Hear purnps lrurn eanals can dellver hut m
ponds ln llle same Wzy, snarlenlng nlalurauan “mm or
nsl. arplanls luabmfl 0119(th lllaldlenal, apen pand
areas Passive eulleelar syslenls are rdeal, and elleap ln
run by a syslern nl lllerrneslpllnn and “(m-whim
van/es ll heal saurws are plared belnw lne pond in be
hukd. as m Fig“: ull

SALINI‘I‘I

Fnsh waler conlarns \ery llllle sall cdaslal Iagnons
usually ronraln 7—4 rim per thousand lppll, lew lroes
ean breed above llns eonaenlralrun, Seven ppr rs llle
late upper hmi| Iur llulnan eansurnpllon, arackisll
waler ls dereelably sally ar \I— z w, and nysrers my
ue laund lruln llns ennrenlralian an. Tllese are llle
sallnnles nl eslnanes and bntklsh walers M about 27
ppr many shellfish and rnanne organisms are lnund,

 

and me sea llsell ls ar 33—15 ppl

In am: 0! hlgh evaporahon and Mlnded llde llnw,
hyyzrsalme mndnions ean develop, Mnnne organism:
aeldnrn spawn ibuvc dun ppl, and llfiih and nabs da
ueeur (MN, n :5 allen as line—vex pupulanoni, mirage
groups, ar glgannt Ianns Many desen ornanlsnls and
sarna dcsen llsh ean Iwe lam ppl sall,

Fish dune-l. live all "mi! llnes ln lnsnwaler Indy dn
well above 3 ppl A small many lrsl. and sun
lrnwever, mlgnu lresll lo sall and lvlee ver, ,same
spawnln; ln rrners llranll, some m lne sea leelsl
seeanse ol lnelr wrde nngu nl mkmnm, llrese gmups
are :allpd (my/m e Many nlullu, anlrnnnrds, and
some oysmu and slunnp ean be lepl .n [wall (a sallne
walers Sallwaler Ilsll rarely lnlerale salmltv below 23
Pvt

changes ln salrnny may klll pund lisrl not adapled In
esnlanes, sall nr lresnwaler ls alsu used lo lnll eelernal
parasrles and dlsease ln llsll asluanes and uraelelsll
walers genually eanlaln nlnre llsn species llrnn llle
fiver luell, or the sea nllslnare, alrlunaglr me aea ls lar
neller .n rnolluaes and elusueuns

ln esluarles and lagoons, a halucline {sillrlmsh
surlacel ear. dnclup. wlth lhe denser sall walee al
depth, or puahms up under me surlaee nl an esluiry as
a lldal wedge bell». llle lresn Wale! Haleellnes are
common ln deep lagmms llr rlvers with barwiys.
Manne lurens llve al drpm. and hrshwalel' nsll al me
§u1f3<:,50me|lm?s lnr many rnrles .nland As lldes
pusl. lnlnand leeede [mm large nvu esnranas, exhrm:
chulgns .n lernperalurl- lespeerally ln wrnrerl and
sallnlry can ell-cur, \o lnal al klw lrde a mndrllvmg
snellnsll an be m leesll waler a. l-c, and ar lnplr nde .n
aeawaler ar 204C Manv speeres ln ms rnne burrow,
lingual! wllh me llde, pr relurn la llre raver al hxgh ude

Thus, sal. \y ls a specllsvspwallc laerar ralner like
lelnperalnee, and salrnny regulaumn lual as much a
maller ul eaneern as lernperalues- regularlan, We
aeldnrn gel sudden rnereases .n salls ln ponds, bnl a
hand 0! Mann pond ulllure a! me lnslane hoplzs ls
umenaal raln. Even wllh flood dlvrrsmn dralns, m» sea
naell may mm: m dllule as la klll lobsms, prawns,
mmflkhsh ln rnanne lnlpaundrnenls

Verv nen brarklshswaler pnlyeullures nlalau, crabs.
rnuller, sea bass, nnlldrsn, eels, and “‘01.“ m posslble ln

 

 

   

 

e .7‘ e

     
 
 

mun: 1:."
saw POND muw HSN Pawn

Ally we 0! whicallzclm Below pond level will mlmmsmhan
heal m m wnfl ilslfl m winlll

 

 

 

469