predauon by hummus ur large predarnrs, by diseases or parasnes earned in uy srrmm warer, as a resulr al eaueene near or eoid, and by amdenlal draining oi rne pond here are olvvious preenununs lu |ikz, mvoh'll‘g lenees, locks. aurornaue signalling or pumping sysrems, and predaroe eonrrul. me on. eulmeaiisl needs to lrve elose ro ur nverlmkmg rire pond area im all inese reasons. losses due ro sudden hnvy earns m aauarme ponds may be unavoidable in srmmp eunure, bur llood bye passes are a nurmal preeauunn Ill lresnwarer pond eulruee. As lisn densiry rneeeases, rlie upper irrmrs to yield may be derermrned by pond ware. qualny and a ser ol palhugens enmunglzd oy (mwdmg. nus larler laerur may be inn ulrrmare oamer ru yields, as n is in land llvasllxk S1OCKING Mm nus rs a aniul Victor, Some or lire sioeleme rares are Swen in HR above examples, and ilrey range lrom zoo-zoo lrsii/lra tor a predalar rn soon—mm lralr/ na lor plankion oarera and deli-nus leedees like rrlupra or earp. Trial is, rare-s depend on rlre aorirry ol line lxsh rn srand crowding, nnd luod, and use lood elneienily Very low sruekrng rares produee low yields nl large lrslr; urns beware ol early rnais widen snow a low yield rl lisrr were slockzd lalnner al less inan wool in Tun dense o rare wrli eesuir in a larger propoeuon ui unmarkelahlesmall lrsn Wynn rolerare some 549% or srunud nsn, our no more rlian thin Examplxé ol such laerors are- RATE/HA YIELD MARKETABLE chr m Tl—LAPIA (allowlng T2?! T3 sir ‘F markeranlel _ 5,600 3162 97 5 “1,000 403 2 5(7.‘ EuFFALDl-‘ISH lallpwing an average or 259 yams as markeublel 300 I52 ivuagmg we 5 Hrs» sou Z735aangingw3g/llah Law 6565 averaging 39!! 3 my. From me apove dala, wc have exceeded rne sensible sroexmg rah: Im nlrpra, and nor yer readied are rare film would reduee "marketable size“ lor unilaiorrsn lnerdenralry, Tllnpla at peiow maxkd siee luck 7 munrrrs more lo reaerr me lxmn or 200 g aenreued by rlre rasl growers in n monrn lSwrngle, was) Time is a seieenon laeror llwnlved hem. and we all sexeu lroun rrrelasr gmwels lur lurure bmod nsrr Mlmgemam nelps. in mm one heavy sidekrng ean be sold all as thry reaeir marker sue. or a predaror can pe added ro euli rlre smaller lisn. However, we need a Hand measure ol aynmum stinking rare fur every spccies used. and irris an only be aelireved ny oxpenmenr similarly, we need rd deride rlre raies ar wlnen poiyeulrures ol fish are sioelned by assessing rne 472 propomun pl roe-small fish in any one speeres in me pnlyeulrure al hawks! nme Manda risn smoked as llngerhny lose a lor ol lood uniees a lad-breeding loraee fish unlrses i|. Fingerlmg numbers ran all rapidly as rlrey glow lrn predaiory lisn, by eanmoalrsmr. bun wilh supplemeniaey laod. muer. largee numbers eanbe stocked, saved, and inereloreean use rne namrai loods better, Alsn, rney reaelr alarm sire muen lasler, e s wrrn blown rmnlrnad lail asn led wmie warer was above lavcl See Table in, MILE “.1 STOCKING RATES m FER'nLISED FUNDS no. STOCKED Flsll PRODUCED L06! numeral hlogllms 1llapla alone 2,500 sal 7 5,090 um 7500 lm l .5- isaooo i new "upl- ulrrr emu-n (III lisn led al we Musl 550 302 2.50m i we 7 mm 7 2,646.6 ‘Abovll rs raid rln spawning Damned m mow-n 135 FISH POND CONFIGURATIONS AND FOOD SUPPLY POND CONSTRUCTION pond or lorraee eonsrruenon on rne small seaie no 01 hi) can he lrand-luned lar damage. levdhng, and spxllways, pur lareee ermsiruerrnns arise eirner as a resulr or many years of nand labour, and are liren builr ro sun rlre Iindicape, or are min in modern timer by survey and maelune Snl|~ponds love an resennal need lor a eompace elay pare, wlrrle rrdal and diversion ponds aan roleraie some losses lrom seepage New ponds need earelul assessmem and survey lor laeiors ol evaporarion. secpasrr waree spines, sealing, and stability. As low fish ponds eaeeed 2—3 m m depin, eaelir. clay, and alone—laud eaearr walls sumee in bold waree (Figure uni Many noun ponds and lasi-llow eirannels are eonoeresealed in rnrensrve syslems, iaur by lar lne mosl produenve, eommon and eeonomieal ponds are elayeuased ronds can evolve Imm low—walled padr ra deeper peemaneni or seasonal nan sysrems, or lravea dry eyeie m summer seams Th! enapler on warer deals will. in. essennals ol eonsrrueoon ol dams me elay eore or seal rs eereerive m numalurem fisli ponds A build-up olorpanie muleir and algae in ponds assisrs Seallng, so ml even ponds