plaee rnosi of rhe eleanenis or sueh a succession in one planlrng, so am lhe pioneers, ground covers. mdmroryspedes, nee legumu, herbage erop, inuleh species, rhe long-renn wllldbl-uk and are oee erop are all ser our al onee so inany species and lndiVlduals ol eaeh speeies are needed lo do lhis llral rr is usually neeessary re hrsr ereare a small planr nursery ro supply rhe mmmm planrs dla| an be plaecd on a heerare. While rheaeare growing in ilreir pols, we sari lenre and prepare lhe soil, and lhen planl lheni our re a eaielullydesigned longelenn plan. Where rhis appruash rs used, as ii has ban by rnany perniarulhiralisis on rheir propenies, ouile reinarxe able rhanges oecur over rwo ro ihree years. Muleh is produoed on sile lor rhe longeierni rrop, while weed eernperirran, mud and lrosr elleels are nullilied or inoderared Cropping ean be conrinuous as lhe annuals or herbaeeous perennials elleerively mum] unwanoed 51.35:! and weed species. For rnsiance, radisli or rurnip planied wiih nee seed ngs eonlrol grasses unlil rhe srnall lree provrdes irs own grass eonlrol by shading. Figure 3.13 grvea an indiearion or how a syslein can accepl dilieienr specres ril planls and ol ardinalbrowsers as ii evolves. 115 THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF SYSTEMS Every design is an assembly ol eoinponenrs. The lrrsr prioriry is ro loeare and eosi ihoee eornponenrs Where our resources are lew, we look rloeely al lhe sire irsell, (hmklng of everyihrng as a poienrial resouree (day, Mk, weeds, anlnials, rnseersl, We can ihinls oi labour, skill, iirne, eash, and sile resources as our inrer- ehangeable energies whal we lack in one we ean make up lor by exehange lor anorher (e g Clolhzvmaldng in exchange ror roof nlesl, The besi souree 0! seed and planls is always nughbnuvi, publie nurserres, or loresery depanurenrs rruni lhe early planning slages. rr pays re eellecl seed, pots, and hardy eumngs lor lhe sire, just as ir pays lo iorage ror wonddland brkks, wood, and rooling The planning srage is enhcal A: we draw up plans, we needle ralre are evoluiion rn slages, ro break up the job mm easily—achieyed parrs, and re plaee rams ponenls in ilrese pans ihal be needed early in dereloyrnenl laecess ways, sheller, plant nursery, waler supply, perhaps an Hui-5y soursel. Thus, we desrgn. assess resouiees, loeaie rornponeuis, decide pnnrihn, and plaee eriireal sysierns Because rrnpulsive sideiraelss are usually expensive, rl rs besr ro rully plan rhe sire and iis developmeni, changmg plans and designs only llie sile and snbseqnem rnlarrnalion lorees us lo do so. an a rural land soinerinies urbanl sue, FENCING or hedgerow. sane REHABILITATION by inulch lor loosening by ioolsr, swarm CONTROL, and WATER SUPPLY are ilie esseueial precursors ro suoeessrul planr esrabllslunenr, lor we ran wasre nine and money purring mu seaiiered planrs rn eonipaeied, unpraeoeal, and dry sixes Any soil shaping lor roads, darns, swales, lerraees, or parhs needs to be linalised belore planring eornrnenees, ror pi-iuriry in lnealion, we need ro lirsr alrend lo zone l and Zone 2; lhese supporr rhe hnusdmld and rave lhe nrosr expense. Whai is perhaps ol greaiesi iinporlanee, and eannol be are highly suessed, is ihe need re develop wry ronpari syslens. ln rhe Philip pines, Fenple are encouraged to planl lan nl yegerab 5—: any plmfind lroni lhis garden ihey gel «Hm oliheir lood! Weean all inaloea very good Iirur nrenes square garden, where we may all lo do so low square rneires Similarly, we planr and eare ior ren enueal rrees ('0! oils, cirrus, nurs, and srorable lruiir. We ean lalre good eare ol lhese, whereas il we planr one hundred or one rhousand, we can lose up lo 60% of lhe oees lioin Iark or sire preparariun and care Thus, len irees and lour rnerres square , well proleered, rnanured, and wareied, will slarr rheZonei syslern. Sumng wirh a nucleus and errpan ng ourwaids is lhe inosr sueeesslul, mnralhbuildlngr and easily arhieved way lo proeeed Bmadstale sysieens have broadseale losses and inellieieneies. As l have inade every possible nilslalre in my long lrle, lhe advice above is based on real—hie exptdenm Tu suin up - Design ihesire rhoroughlyon paper, . Set prionnes based on eeonoinie realiry. - Loeale and irade ior eoinponenls locally or eheaply, . Develupa nueleirs eornplerely - Expand on inlui-rnarion and area using rpeeres proved to be surred io sire preersely lhe saine sorl ol piannrng lnueleus developmenil applies be any syslern or erosion ronirol, rehabiliraiion ol wildlile or plane, wnnng books, and erearing muons Break up lhe yob inro senall, easily aehieyed, oasis srages and eoinplere ihese one ar a one, Bevel draw up long lisrs ol raslrs, rusr rhe near srage. ll is only in lhe design phase lhai we plan rhe sysleni as a whole, so ihnr our srnaller nueleus plans arealways in relaiion roa larger plan. lnslead ol leaping rowards sorne rinaginary end poinr, we need lo prepare rhe groundwork, ro lllak! modest rnals, and lo evolve [mm srnall beginnings A proeess oi eonslanr iransiiiun train lhe presenl \u lhe eihrre slaie rs an rneyirable proeess, 1110116! in i loeal elleer and impressive only ii widespread Thus, we seek liisl lo gain a loorhold, nerrl lo srabrlise a sinall area, lhen nr develop sell-relranee, and only aher lhis is achieved bu lools lor exporrable yields or eoininereial gain Eyen ina eonrrnereral planling ir is wrseroresrrrer lhe ioial eoinrnereial speeres lo 340 reliable planrs and irees, so ihai easier harvesling and mukding is sehievable, alihough rhe huine garden and orchard can rnainrain lar grealer direisrry oi horn 7575 species or 65