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How to Feed a Human P= owered Building

How to Feed a Human Powered Building

Posted: 24 Sep 2017 05:54 AM PDT

3D"Human

The human po= wered student building is self-sufficient in terms of energy use and pr= oduces no CO2. However, humans need extra food when they produce power= , and producing this food also requires energy.

Assuming a typical Dutch diet, o= ne kilowatt-hour of human generated electr= icity produces up to 30 times more greenhouse gases than one kilowatt-hour = of grid electricity. How do we keep= the human powered community carbon neutral?

***

Humans need energy -- food -- to surviv= e. Moderately active adults require 2,000 to 2,200 Calories per day, which = equals 2.4 kilowatt-hour of energy, or an average of 100 watts of power. Mo= st of this energy (70-90 watts, depending on the person) is used to maintai= n basic functions such as breathing, digesting, pumping blood, regenerating= cells and thinking. [1] 

Daily activities typically increase pow= er usage by 30%, which brings the total roughly to between 90 and 120 watts= . [1] However, the students in the human powered community are more active = than average people, because they generate power for several hours per day.=  

Students produce energy in their private rooms and on the communal power generating f= loors. They also need to climb stairs, pedal their was= hing machine, pump the water for their shower, and do the di= shes.

If we assume a student to produce 100 w= atts of power for four hours per day (room energy use + work duties on the = communal energy floors), how much extra food is needed? 

= How Much Food Do We Need?

The human body is not very efficient: t= he production of 100 watts of power requires 300 to 500 watts of energy in = the form of food -- similar to the conversion efficiency of a combustion en= gine. [1] This comes down to roughly 300 to 500 Calories per hour above the= basal metabolism, or a total of 1,200 to 2,000 extra Calories for 4 hours.=

3D"Human=

For a daily intake of 2,000 to 2,200 Ca= lories, the typical western diet (including more than 100g of meat per day)= generates about 5 to 7 kg of CO2-equivalents per day. A vegetarian di= et causes roughly 4 kg of CO2-equivalents, while a vegan diet produces the = least greenhouse gas emissions, less than 3 kg of CO2-equivalents. [2] Note= that these are averages: the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions depen= d on the ingredients and the location. 

= CO2-Emissions of Human Power

If a meat eater produces 100 watt of po= wer for four hours per day, he or she would generate 2.5 to 5 kg extra CO2-= emissions. On the other hand, if 400 watt-hour of electricity would be take= n from the Dutch electricity grid, the CO2-emissions would be only 0.148 kg= . That's 16 to 32 times less. = A switch to a vegan diet can lower the carbon emissions of human power to 1= .5 to 3 kg, but this is still much higher (10 to 20 times) than the CO2-emi= ssions of grid electricity.

However, because students generate thei= r own power, they have a strong incentive to use less power than students i= n other buildings. Energy use in the human powered building is at least 10 to 20 times lower than in a common student building. In combination= with a vegan diet, the CO2-emissions of human powered electricity would th= us be similar to those of grid electricity.

The Dutch eat too much: they could produce power for 2 to 3 hour= s without extra food intake.

But many people in the Netherlands alre= ady consume much more than 2,000 Calories per day, even if they=E2=80=99re = not generating energy. The average daily food intake in the Netherlands is = 3,000 Calories, which means that the Dutch have a surplus of 1,000 Calories= , sufficient for two to three hours of power production.

Some people do sports to burn this extr= a energy, while others don=E2=80=99t =E2=80=93 obesity has become a major h= ealth issue in the Netherlands, just like in other industrialised societies= . This 'excess' energy could be used to produce power without raising the C= O2-emissions of food production.

= Cheese, Protein Shakes, and Dumpster Food

To further limit the CO2-emissions of f= ood, and because we are in the Netherlands, the students have opted to prod= uce their own cheese. The waste product of that process -- the whey -- is u= sed to make protein shakes. 

3D"Human=

Protein shakes, which are popular in he= alth clubs, are convenient because they allow active people to ingest suffi= cient proteins without grilling steaks and steaming vegetables almost conti= nuously. This saves time eating and cooking. Protein shakes are purely nutritional and are not to be confused = with steroids.

Protein sh= akes allow active people to ingest sufficient proteins without grilling ste= aks and steaming vegetables almost continuously.

To add surprises to the diet, students = on cooking duty go dumpster diving in the city, mainly at the big supermark= ets. This can bring food on the table that has a large CO2-footprint, howev= er rescuing it from the garbage is obviously a good thing.

The making of cheese and protein shakes= requires thermal energy, which is supplied by the biogas power plant. Th= is means that cheese and protein shake production happens on days that the = kitchen -- which depends on the biogas power plant for cooking -- serves ra= w foods.

***

[1] "The Human-Powered Home: Choosing Muscles Over Motors3D""", Tamara Dean, New Society Publishers, 2008.=

[2] Sc= arborough, Peter, et al. "Dietar= y greenhouse gas emissions of meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and veg= ans in the UK." Climatic change 125.2 (2014): 179-192. Abeliot= is, Konstadinos, Vassiliki Costarelli, and Konstadinos Anagnostopoulos. "The effect of different types of di= et on greenhouse gas emissions in Greece." International Journal on= Food System Dynamics 7.1 (2016): 36-49.
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