Then, we draw up a eceamon tnatrttt on a pieee ol
paper, with the 'apple- store at the top and other
trees" down the lelt side (Table m. Tally the seores by
walkinghoin yard to yard

We quiddy see that where there aie walnuts, apples
are sielr or absent (tel However, healthy apple trees
eoettist wlth both mulberries and duties («it and tool
ldeally, we use a strrular seoie ior earl. sperier ol other
tree to that our 59—: n results some the same
ss-itena lot walnut, mulberry, and man ttrrt we more
(unpple,

Additronal lield notes aie uselul. l-lealthy, untended
apple trees ohen have quite s speeihe understory ot
spring bulbs, mmlwyr clover, ii-s, naaturtium, ete This
too should be noted as wego I have, in last, earned
out sueh snalyses, and some or the iesults will be used
are real erasnple iii the netrt seen-on.

 

bulmlNc uP GUILDS mom caAcnON
ANALysls

li we wish to eoiotruet a guild, then we need to being
two or more species tnto elose proxiiruty where we ean
rudge the em oi one on the other li we hsve a ti
result anywhere, we might be able to intervene with .
thud or lourth party whieh we can call an arbitrator, a
butter, or an intervenor

- Apple nest to walnut ptodtises l—st- not desirable,
the apple sseltens or dies

r Apple nettt to mulberry produees (sot: a good
result.

- Mulberry next to walnut produees tool mutual
inaetion,

Thus, apple then mulberry lltrri walnut gtyes us
(ML By this interpentlori strategy, we hire, in eltmo
saneelled out the (u) and have a netl bmrfil in a three
three~specizs asray. That is, we ean use several
two-species results to achieve a betterreault with three
species, which goes beyond aeeepttng tta lsrtieallyt
the primary mnllm Here, a mulberry ts Hm intertierior
or eriheal spedes or element rn (vnflln sesolunon We
can take this turther agatn by examintng yet other
m—adions‘

. Aroma next to walnut pm in»)
. Adieu netrt to mulberry gives lott

Now, aplenu|berryTAmrfix~walnm gives us (teat),
whieh is mueh better again so we ptoreed to tsolattng
and arranging guilds to mattimite benelits and
eliminate eonlliets Tlus is part ol the skill or planning
strip or zone plaeementt a! snured species

THE nous or CONFIGURA’HONS IN GUILDS
Here, we have to eonstder ploserrieril ol interaetive
elements. obviously, these is a commonsense elose
spaeirrg tor many plants and nrashtneeomponents, but
as the distanee berwem lnrirtp eomponents widens, we
ean never be quite sure thst ehernioal or behavtttural
inteiaenon eeasea Constder the ease oi two tn-i-ttorial

64

birds, deplaying or mlhng a nule or more apart, To us,
they appear as tndtviduals, to eaeh bird, the other u in
elear tnteiaetion There is distant interaetton, too, vta
pollen or spore ' plants, and perhaps even by
gaseous or ehemteal "messenszrs' This is certainly
true or some nrammalr, so that elteets ol one on the
other ean be passed on by a tense ol srnell, even
though they are not nearby at that time, e g urine
mirkmg territory. The great whales may well be
eomrnuniorung by sound around the whole globe.

Configuration in planning r guild with intervening
species between hostile () species, eoines tn assessing
the distanrte most the tnteeietion boundary that the
eileet ialres plate, and in then trranging the guild
spedes to obtain a mixlmum ol (art, (no), or (out
etteets Fm etrasnple, we tind a t») eondition with
legume/grain or tniit—tsse/me legume inter-plants We
ltnow that the :flxl, lot grains, extends tsoin l 5.2 in
title the eiop; thus tor a eonitguiational design, we east
tpiral or strip—plank these two speetes tor a total
pasture edge inky-(Han (”at in onp Such oaretul guild
analyses and sonligurations are the basis a! species
plasuring tn posnaeulhaie.

For more entteal geomett-ie analyses, see such texts as
RolieA Leary-s inter-stunt Geometry An Ewlaglml
perspeelnrr , usDA Forest Servtee, Gererrl Teehnrerl
hepon N022, two Thistert has a usettil ieleienee list
and is issued by theNorth Central Fans! apenmental
Station, rulweu Ave,5t Paul, MN, isms, USA.

 

 

EVOLUTION OF A SYSTEM

Nature shows us thata mumzvu/ymmes arise ‘n the
establishment oi "new' systems on sueh devastated
landseapes as basalt llows and irerplaned or
nood—swept sites. The tirrt living eomponents are
hardy pioneer spears, whieh establish on these damaged
at impoverished enylronrnents. Thus we see “weeds"
(thirties, lanmu) oeeupytng overgrazed, eroded, or
tired mas, These pioneer species assist the area try
stabilising water Hm in the landstape, and later they
give shelter, piortde muleh, or improve soil quallty tor
their suesestors lthe huger-lenn torest or tree cmp
spedesl.

To enable a eultiyated system to evolve towards a
longrberm stable state, we mn eonstruet a system oi
mixed tree, shrub, and vegetable esop, utilrstng live
stoelt to aet as loragers, and esrelully planning the
succession pt plants and animals so thrt we ieeeive
shone, mediunh, and longererrn benefits For esample,
a loiest wi|l yiud hrst eoppiee, then pole timbers, and
eventually honey, lruit, nuts, bark, and planlr timber as
it evolves lsom a ploneer and young, or cmwded,
plantation toa welt—spared mature stand ever a period
ot l&50 years

unltlte the proresses or nature, however, we ean