Chapter 13

 

AQUACULTURE

wnoeyer dlaroms haw lo cumvalz lhe eel
sl-llnlld gel a Nnbel Pm. dnn'l yon flunk?
manna Morale. eel (Ml, Tokyo)

Cnmsh larmlrlg ll lmllg; eyerymlng aelore or
mar la lusl wllung.
(Don Carr, ultnpwnwr, Eagle Pass,Texas Quole m
Huke and snerwln, mm

The hlghcsl llall pmducuon per nectar: can unly
be olaulrled by ualng . mmhhuuon ofspccks or
dlllererll leedlrlg habits,

lawn-ye, 19m

Wmn eonsaryallarl and lrrlgauon la ule llleolmd
o1 agncullure. sealer can he laxen as me baalr
crop. and axnund ll dEvzloped lnduslry, anlmal
husbandry. lorealry. aquacullure. and amer
lnleg-aled oeeupauorls,

(Maolserllny

131

INTRODUCTION

nae lulu wnLANDs eoyels lxllll llalllral and a"-
lllelal lmpdundmenls a! waler \akzs, ponds, boas,
swamps. marshes, and me shallnw waler or lnlemdal
In: a! ssnlallel and mar-me malslles The empnasls
nele ls on lllose areas used by people lor fangmg and
nsllelannlns. Manse M me mplexizy ol lne wellands
envllnnmenl, and or me speells wllnln ll, an allelnpl is
made lo cove! some 0! lne deslgn and plannlng
pnmples and k‘ reslnsl desenpllons lo a relanyely lew
syslems rlle brudmg and Minn; plany one speeles ls
also omllled, as a eumprellenswe speelallsed llleranlle
exlsls ml llns aspeel or aquacullure

Extepl ln vary layoured areas, or on reeenlly
ghaalzd smelds. waler as ponds ls a "mum pm at llle

458

lalsl landscape, zflhmlgh we are (omlamly mousing
llle am at lmpdnndrnenls ln an allempl lo mpe wlln
llle enngy demands and warer supply lo ellres and
lndnslry. ln .mpollnded areas, on wex reruns. and ln
ranals and raseways, waler ceases to be a mzmly
emslve lnllllance and beeumes a very produdlve
mednlrn lor planl and anlmal rlllnlrl-s Amled wllll
walel are lnose spemllsed planls and annuals mm
are adaplod lo or seek out waler malglns, shallows, and
llle waler meadows lplnnsl wnlrn are lnnndaled ln
floods.

01 all existing syslems. leapleal rdlnldresl and
shallowewalel Iqflllu‘ :nvlmnmznki nave llle glealesl
nalnral ylelds. Mangrove swamps, marshcs, and
aslllarles pwduce somellrnes prodigious biomass or
greal complexlly. (ml allllndes lo llaese syslems has
nlsloeleally been imbwllem, and slnre lne .nyennon pl
lne buckm dndg: and bulldmr, lypleally dammve.
Many malshrs. esnlarles, sallllals and ponds have been
dralned or deeply flooded lo snll onr pnyale purposes,
allen ln disregard ell lllelr loul ylelds and villas Only
ln recenl runes have we begun loappleslale «rm a gym
many or our olhEr acllvllles, snell as salmonld and
lnslnlae llsllel-les, depend on me cansemllon ol llle
wmllnd hablhl

For mlllclua, we have peellpled llle sllolellnes and
lslands ol marshes, and devrloped (amplex elyllls-
allons on me lloodplalns and dellas al m-wr vivlrs.
Swamps have always ' ded a vanely ol foods lar
people One al the bases lar me mncrpl or bmmgmn ls
lllal ul WATEYSHED and llns loo l: an anrwnl namral
dlvlsion ul lnaes and languages cdoperanve
eamlmlnllles and bmmgmml demperaeles have be"
based on waler nghl§,zs have llydlanlle lyrannles, odlll
exl5| |oday.

There .s an lnlllnale and lndlssolnhle Ilnk Mum]!
me neallll 0! a nyer, and lne hallh ol me cilchmml:
nele we can some lno Ixural lrnlh a! me ransepl ell llle
~npslreaal and downslream cosh“ ol our Arlwitu's',