enrieal lo prorern produeiron in lire oopres rhai rapid proeessing ol lish rs oehrered m ew ol rhe porennal lor spoilage More everyday rrranularrure or elear plasirr dryrng renis or boxes is aeeded rarher rhan emphasis on immismg lrshrng ellrereney or produe- rion. as up ra «we oi a rareh ran be insl lu spoilage and damage by rodenrs and birds Fermeni ul lrsh wasies las praeireed in lndonesrai Produm a pmhemrnth, sairsiabilised lraoid sauee oi grea- value to people on rise rims, and sueh |Khnlq|lzs are an essenoal pan olsnlvaging lash wastes lor rnarlrer dispersal. proeessrng also rnereases ulHarm eeonomus and rural ernployrnenr Pakmiafl For non-rarnivorous sp , ,earrh-and-reslock sysrerns an grearly lmease yields over bareh or soral removal alrhe speeres Marry pemranenr ponds are run an rhis basrs, or rhar ol naroral breeding in she ease or naylrsh lwhen a mxlmllm srre lrmrr rs used in reiurn large, fasxrgmwmg breeders io ihe pond or breeding areal. [l is always rose lo eonarder renaming or keeping lhe larger: fish, and earring lire slighily smaller gmdes lunloriunarely nor a srraiegy wellrapplled in sea loner-res). Ahhnugh a greal emphasrs is pui on lrsh, irue aquacullunl planning should always Include diverse plani produers, wlrh ernphasrs on loral sraples rrslr are llren aseassory la a broad prodoer base, and la nee erops The disease problems ihal burld up rn aqua- eulnrres are due ro ayerernpnasrs on one speeres or dis ol load and hrgh yields, and also lo a neglecr ol shade, wild loo-is, and ihe benelreral elleers ol planrs on waieroualiiy 13.10 TRADITIONAL AND NEW WATER POLYCULTURES The very anlroalry al sarne ierraee nd rryerslde eulrurea dernonsiraies rheir sosiainab iiy 'n human rerrua The wet ierraees ol rhe lhrgaa people al rhe l-hlllpprnes have been rn use do! or lersi am) yelrs', ihe llood eulrures or line Nile innw sadly bur perhaps remporarily endedl is probably mm years old: she rhinarnpa sysrern ol Merreu rs also arrooue, as are rhe flood-phin, Iakriidt, and rivzr enlruresouisla. Harold Conkhn in "Ekhnoguphir Ciiics ol liugm‘, Srlenn/ir Amnl‘aln «Review» February i952, rairulsres rhai lam years oi roll neared ihese reoaee «mums, He rrralres a rorrurrenrary an warer eulrures ihar For lwm rnalres on ihe lndonesran palm euliurer—ihai lirese peoples reeogmse no external iulhonly. Nor only is ii an rnappropriaie and rnrerlering eoneepi rn sell—susiained sysierus, bur rhe erearors or soon sysrerns have learned a sell- governanee nova! developed by any eeniral aurhoory rn hrslory the eonsirueiron ol earnrnon ranal sysreras and shared rrrrgarron neeessrraies eammunrry rrrganrsarrnn and selleanrrol Hydraulre desporism, as round rn eolonised areas, predisposes soereires in erploriairon and eenrralrsed gnvernmnu Warer is. in all sane nr dernorraire 500 marries, regarded as a yulrlre resourse. meing as heeiares ol padr nee, and 015 ha ol swan pours as smples, w“)! 1 ha ol woodlai and grove rnrp, doraesrie pigs and (hickens led horn gleanrngs and rrop, rhe lhigao lnmrly nl s spend we person days ol produeirre labour per year, or all days per able individual Ramlall is an incredible 3 lo 6 arr/year, “meimiking consul“ rerraee orarnrenanee The rer-raees have 2 cm ol sori, and hail rhe mass ol rhe bands is in srone Canal and am mainlenarree naessiraie annual earrh and srone Icpnlrs: ihe eourraleni value or abreeove rosi is one day ol rue lor one hour nl work There are a good rnany usdul planr species nl rhe marine and sauna: environmenr, only some 2mm spews ol warer planrs are ur ronsrani euloire or have been srrbyeei m rarreral seleerran. Many species are srrll wildrgamemd or iii eoliuredl are derrved lrom onseleeird wild sroek yer mm is an obuluns Wendi] ror werland loresrry. erali prisoner, and specialised lorage erop assembles lor splzclrs such as bees, ducks or wareriowl, and lish Pigs unlrse mnal swamps and warer margins lor a rariely ol ladders. Came enrer lagoons and shallow warers In browse, while speeres like are Soay sheep, rurrles, and ihe Galapagos iguana browse lhe large seaweed: ol rhe seashore, and seagrasses ln sarnph re paslulrs gese, swan, and loh speeres browse or varying nde levels Anyone rnreresied in speone planr assemblies ran evolve a iarrly romplea array ol lorbs, shrubs, ones, and has re surr speeilre or speeralrsed purposes Thule is an obvious role lor seed, regerairre. and general aquairr nurseries and suppliers, which are undeveloped in mosreoonrnss. Rather lhan enumeraie all die eolrured spedes, l have rhasen ra deal who a low seleeied pniyeuliores al planrs, lo bnelly lreai lire marginal planrings, and lo suggesr plani assemblies ior speeilre sure I wlll desenbe bmh a cold area and subrroprr plans sysrern lo rllusirare rhe aquarre poieniral. selerring M ld riee manna) lor rool areas, and rare. lColaras' l lor lhe noples Riee (Bryn) risell is grown horn iernperare ro iropreal areas, and is nol dealr wllh here, bar rs very well desenbed by Moolrauv. WILD RICE CULTURE lzlaerrrr laensrnsr Minnesoia, very rold winiers and nor summers wild riee rs a rail annual grass no 2.5 m) will. several perennial species in ihe same genus, ii has been gaihered as a grain lor eenrories by Amzrilldian lnbes ol Canada and rhe varied sures, lrorn Mrnnesoia in Florida. Species or seed eolleered lor eulnne rnals should be garnered lrorrr seleered piano or rhe elirnaire and warer provenanee surred lo lhe euilure srle. Some lew enrps hive been grown in lhe Souihern hernrsphere, hm ior lhe mosr parr rlre 3 rnrllron k5 produced are grown in ihe Mlnnesoun region. 01 rhe lava! pnrduenon. abooi soul is sirll mid—gaihered rn iradrironal lash n by Amenndians who bear oul rhe grams rnra a eauoe, and