ends or armrgms oleeenrs lhar. a pasre nmerron ol rhe eeehlre (onus rhar pervade hr g namral sysmns and arch phenomena as rners nr lara nous 4.16 ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE IN BRANCHES srreams lake up many gmund pallerns dependmg on the processes lhar have harmed rhe undu‘ymg land. scape (block raulung, loldrng, vokanlsm) and rhe erosron and permeaorlrly rharaclerrslres nl lhe underlvrng rnclr .lsell llrmesrone. rnudsmne, sandsrone, day} That rhe ulrrmare panern 0! a snearn nelwork m landscape depends on pmress and arlolrnle, or we emrld can lhese process and more m hamsnlaurmodel We can eaerly see rhal slream pauerns are rhe sum 0! precedrng evenls lhar gave rrse \n lhe geologreal pm and luck rypes, so lhal slreanrs have a lat lo lell us aboul such processes, a sklll learnl rn phoro rnrerpreralron figure demonslrales some ol rhe rnlorrnalron soclearly rold by slream pallerns alone However, rl we ahslracr a lairly nnrrnal dendrnle lrreelrlrer slream branchlng parrern as m rlgure us, we ran hnd pm lhese lhmgs horn lhe parrern alone « lhe omen 0' channels. lhc rnlurrre. or sle. nl branches - The NUMBER or BRANCHES m eaeh order. . The TOIAL CHANNEL LENGTH in each nrder. . The MEANDER mqumczs m each order. or lhe behavmux More in me orders ol branches Streams usuzlly have lrnrn one lo seven orders, depen g on may age, srae, or gradrenl «all over drslaneel. An easy gradienr develops as srrearns enl hack lherr headwnlers and ran in laggradel rherr lower reaches, rneanders mcrease, and lhe velecrrv 0! (low decreases These older sneams, lrlre a marure lree, have developed all merrpranerres (is has an old (ampany or an old armyl Unless slrearrr cnndrlrnns lhemselves change (by a process 0! srream eapmre, arr mcrease m rarnlall, or a enange m landscapel, slrearns land ouslnessesr mnmlam an coorlrpnum nl order Looking or our dendrmr. peacelul srream, we ma_v llnd somelhrng as can be seen m table 4.1 As rhe branches win up lo make ever larger orders ol channels, lnen dboul 3 rames as many smaller lyranshes 10m up an make eaeh larger group, and so on However, rhe rndrvrdual lengrhs (ol any one branch m eaeh orderh rnerease by z runes as the order morass lrorn led. nus rs a very general rule 0! slream branehmg, even m nondendrrlre pallerns, and holds rrue [or rnany slmams Slmllarly, meanders or pends also occur m a predrelaole way dependrng on lhe volume and gradienr mom Regular meanders depend on renarn velocures and slream wldm lasdo slaplhry of Von Karman roden reads, rlgnre ml The rarro tor meanders or lrarls lsaoom 13.9 lVogel, WEI), Sueh regular )1 m pranenmg may remmd us ol mLsElzs lwave lronrsl, and rndeed as each srae order enanges, so does lhe oeharrour nol only 0! lhe waler llnw, mu at us assoeraled llora and hum and men shapes ln lhe rrlls and runnels, srreamlrnes and luroulenl now rs observed l-llgn m the slream gradients lrhe llalrened ;eurve ol lhe slream oed m prolrlel we lrnd rnaecls and fish wrlh sudunal parls alale ro suck on melee, nallened (ms Io press rhem "no lhe srream bed, narrened hodrer and very sneamlrned prolrle ln lhe rnrddle orders, we ger lees (nlbulem water flow, more sprralhng, less oxygenauan, and more ”a 0’5! mmslca :owrrva (Mm FIGURE 4.2: 5mm Pmmrls Amman lhe man Writs m mers m onm denued by me anvslaal sumlurrs ol lanflsciue, \nl mare M rrre and ornmhes n4- Assvnsme err/raps ram mews m an, ra-rreeu m2» (mum. Wm B‘l JDIM'UNAN xxx lm) mum hm Wm M Renews: mmnulhl: ha lhe denamrc mem 91