lire many miles oi asbesius pipe used in publie waiei supply sysierns, more is a deliniie inieai oi holh srorriaeri and bladder cancer iioin asbesios pariiclos in waier supplies rerrie and aluminium sulpiiare, sail, and lime are all added lo waiei iu cause iinc pariieles lo niiecuiaie and seiiie aul as clay in England, as pH increases due in aeid rain, and in iaei wiieiever acid rain iiecurs, aluminium goes inio soluiinn, and wiiii lead and cadmium may bind iu proiein in vegelables and meal. zspccia‘lv mosc boiled ursieained Even ii sali is added lo kalng waler lo decrease inese oiiecls, levels iar meedlng ibe m ug/l allowable ior inoae wub kidney problems IN espeneneed Cooklng may inerease lire waior eonieni oi meials by a iaeror oi 5 due io ibis peoiein binding, and as well make me merals so bound easy |o assimilaie in ilie body. Choking acidic iubsianees in aluminium pm: simply worsens ibe problem. A|umxmum iroiri aeidie rain leacliing now riiouglii lo be a maior eause oi bee and lalce dealli. Eeirie sulpiiaie may be saier lo use, especially if waber is inilially or reasonably alliaime. obviously, iliese eiiecrs need more sludy and any inorganic sail or merallicsali diseives very raurious use, WATER TREATMEN'IS COMMON“ USED . AERATION (oxygzn-nun) by wind, meclianieal aeianori, or by meieasing rurbulenee in liow. Aeiaiion is also aebieved by trickle columns and vegerarion, phymplankm, ui inyeeied air. . sEn’LlNG spreading now in siiilewaior ponds or rusii beds lo allow pariieles lo iall Dul, iilier our, or iloeeuiaie. . SKIMMING and SIEVING lo remove large organie paroeies. - FILTRATION via sand beds or charcoaleiibre eulurnns, Sails, ilie iools niauuaiie pianis - COACULATION or noccuumoN by using eliemieal addiiiyes ilime, sail, ieiric sulpnares» oi uiganic ibaereriall gels - BIOLOGICAL REMOVAL by baeieiia, pnyio- plankiori. and higher pianrs. - pH ADJUSTMENT by adding calcium ias lime) or sulpliur compounds as needed, Fillnmu A (usual and widely-used iilber is sand. bmam and many dries use sand lilreis iollowed by sliloiiriaiion lo clean seirled and krgalnd raw sewage waier sedimemaiion Eiliraiion by slow drip diiuugii i,z in ii ieeil uisand iioo iiali one. boeiom lialicoarsel ' used even in iernpoiary rural camps ior water iillraiion, For cuios, find sand beds wiih bi-ick bases aie used, ilie iop l em (as incbl or so cal sand periodically swepi, remoyed. and dried oi roasied io remove oiganie parrieles beioie me sand is ieiuined Activated ciiareoal, oiien iioiri bones or planis sucli as willow or coeonui buslis, is also used as a fine lilier in bornes and when pu is oi ibe essence. rine dripsione iiinepored slonel used in waier cleaners and eooleis io supply (ml waiei in homes Tndde iilieis ilirougli sand and gravel columns aciually ieed resideni bacieria whkh remove ine surplus nuirieni. in less polluied environmenis, a similar iaslc is carried ouibyiiesnwaler mussels Carbon is esoenlial ior the removal oi nioogen or ior iis conversion by baeieria lo ilie gross eomposiiion Cgl-(yNOI, and ii is generally added as rarbohydnte, which can be liquids suclii as oieilianul, eilianol, or acetic acids, many or all o4 ibern derived iiooi planl residues This is a bii Elie “addmg a lime Wine ea [ht water" «I encourage me baeieiia iu work, Surplus nibogen is ieieased by beacria m air Unless bacieria are encouraged and allowed to work, nieraies move easily duriugb sub-oils in wliieii no piano or bmi‘ can iive, and oan emerge in wells and sham, in ponds iniended ior drinking liyii occlusion and suriaee waier siabilisaoon ieduee bnili iurln'diiy, and anus algae, lo a minimal uuaniiiy. Tire siabilisaiioin oi banks by grasses and elump plarils rielpa eonsiderably. Pond suriace slabilisers aie waier lilies, Awfln, and waiei liyaeinrii. Bank siabiliseis aie iuneus, Scirpus, various grasses and clovers, Phyln nadsaa iLippiiil, and bamboo and pampas grass eluirips. wicii rurbidiiy rnucli reduced, iiliraiion loads are likewise reduced Li rig will runliiei reduce iurbidiry iipi-i isaoor lusThisisassImpleu phdngaushdd marble or immune a. a layer in a ianli, or caning inamilimeoverapondbeioiemlingandiiinedessaryl alier iilling Cruslied shell: or even wriole snells in waeer ianks and ponds iiave iiie same eiieci, Eime iloeeulaiu pariieles, causing ibeui ro senle out oi lire waiei nieie are several ieebnroues ior rilo-ioon, some orali oi wiiicli can be used in series Eirsi, o-ielde rilbeis ul HEIIIE 1.32 SAND F‘LTER A basic oransei ibr miubbnwul oulium, Mint is uvwlm imm bmloiumoe Suriaoesammnbemnuimmiw chm"! asp-om IEDIWWW‘E-Ilmlm 173