poolo hog. and nsl. appear lroen mud—peeked .eueals.
or .nvade rrom me me pormaoenl pools Flsh msy
breed and gmw in. low rnonllo. and seadslmsmlgale
.nland and nes. lo lake advaneare 0! nos nooks ol
pelleans, flimmgos, Mums, lems, guns, waders, and
ducks ooeupy else walers, and lo. a lew mourns lue rs
nolous, and breedm; unoonlnurd.

Anklope, klngam, and ll.e deser. quad, plgeoni
finches, and parrols noek lo walerllolos and spread
men ranges over new «orage areas, and animal
numbers bland rap.dly. The lemma-m eouapse ol nus
eaploslor. ol lire is slower bue usually lneviulale Some
new lree gellenurms may have eslalrlrslled, one ll.e
warers lurn sally dry up, and lrle seaerers, d.es, or
mums .o ml or mud and sand, seeds are blown and
bur-sad, and dudeserr ovals 25in lludsdlsperse, as do
me mlgralory inim-hy and me deserr fringe;
ekpeoenoe a sudden .rruplmr. ol mlgaflng sperms. 1?»
parry L. over.

ll la pan ol our strategy lo capmu some of use
eslinraled ml of waler lhel ehhu evaporales or rushes
unused aeroes llle land a. .l.ese llmes, and lo salsly
slore .l below gmnd lor a pmlongihan at are 5mm
period. and a llhumldlfinlion ol IM deserl alr llsellyo
xranspirallon lrom lrees and shrubs ln nimril
eondllloro, as lulle as do». 01 lolal rarnlall .nolrrales lo
reelorge desed aqurlers

ll 3
TEMPERATURE

Th: arr lemperalnre (up lo on m h glul over deserls
approalmales me darly palleer. glven rn Fleure m. I
has-e no. glven llro b an. lemperalures, wlueli ean
range lroo. s-zn-c, our show a generalued graph
wlricl. holds oue lo. mos. eases, and ...doeales a dse ol
abonr ln-c lo 73c over me day. wul. a peak a. ham
lzss p.m

Soil laarperalures lollow ems genial eurve, our peak
aboul an haul earlier. he sod is also (uldrr ins! beloru
dawn, a. aboul 5-6 am. and me sneer ol lemperaeure
bus was we go deeper .n use sail. Thu: ls lime eflm
ol darly ellanges a. 30 em llz .nches) deplll, and me
peak suflm lempeeaeure .oduees aboul 2-c lorevery 5
ondepllllorlslc moonlsoulalsollsalaaemdeep
may have laldy eonrlanl darly lemperalnrss some s-c
or so leghrr lllan OM Inwes| surraee leruperalure, and
I5‘C or so lawn llran are highnl surf-c: ltmpelalun

Amlhzr way lo look a. dds .s lllal soll evens our llre
hulillg llaal alleels alr lo. a eonsrderable dlslance above
me gullmd Bnfll an and soil lollow a slower eyele ol
annual range depend-no on lalleudo and radlallon
mud ... season, 11“."!de sous loaooulz n. deplll,
wlll. mm 5-: annual lluerualrori al ears deplll, or
aboul llle same Hucmanun lllul wo experrenee .n
undqumund nouns and cellars

Sous also an gain and hold mIKh lush?! levels ol
near laan arr, and a. 5 em deplu, .n lavuuralale sun

311

slopes and .r. poorly eonduelm, soils, also... «not
ear. be .esrlled al peakl wnlle ll... ellee. ls guad lor
solar ool waler .olleerors, .l .s lethal to. yum; planls.
Surlaee a.r lemperaenres lreduenlly reach 3m: lr.
desens, and were are oolared .eeords olSZ‘C (IZ'S'FL
Layers or super-healed alr iuil above ll.e soil may
oeoome unsuble, and (um raprd eonveellorul erarrenrs.
espeelally on inn-hang slopes Cumulllorrn elsuds
ean arrse lrorn nus erree. as mermals or strong
updraugus. or as (learmlr eurbulenee .n very l.ol dry
pen/dds.

In order m espcape lllo eklreme surlaoe soll near,
desere annuals commonly burrow lo below so an in
deplll, or .n some cases seek our lush relueas .r. low
shnlbs or an sruorps or pools ln no. wesarer. nle nthu
way rllal anurrals eseape soil and on near ummb ls lo
seek shade, mun: noelurrul, and lo develop £115de
eoollng seralegses and waler eeonomy. In lurgerspedes,
shade may be me |ilnlmlg laelor m survival leg. It»!
amounl ol cave shenm .n me deserr may larnil me
numbers so: large deserr rnarsup.alsi,

Consequenely, deaerls have a la. gamer proporo-oe. ol
rlrelr launa as sublerranean and noerurnal speqes Sod
lnarnrduy also mes sreeply, upeclally in dm sands
clrer. an “(use 49. D! waler .n rlre lop one melee. we
ean read. lmm'le waler ronlen. al 2<6 merits, and a.
2m m, were may be oulre sarurared solls. For bulh
planls and anrmals, n .s pmleraole lo draw hum lllese
deeper, eooler, and more l.urr..d layers olsoll

11.4
SOILS

We normally ekpee. lo find domrnanely alkaline solo .n
.l.e walerways oldeserls, wllll areasolsurlaeesales and
earbonales. l| rs ... mere alkallne aaeus mar we usually
loeale our selllemenls, lo lake advantage ol wiler
runasd. pH levels ol 3.5 and 90 are no. alypreal, and
drying walerlsoles ean resell pH values or men. sous
may have hlgh nulrionl polenoal ll pH is adjuned and
u waler lor lmgallon .s avnlalsle. Addi: sandy sorls
lorrn around areas o1 deeply weeluered grarules, and
may domlr.ale lug: areas uf loose landseapoo

my. and low pH areas lrave (as a eonsequenoel low
available minml lraee elemenrs. and u. my. pll, une.
.ron, eopper, and nunynue dofieienesas are eommon,
.nd.ealed ln erops and troll lrees by suel. laerors (in
films) as manual eolour loss and lea! morning, will.
lip all .n severe eases (Hangman z.ne definmy
eauses more severe leal yellowmg, and rs ollen
asso aled wrlu manganese delrerenoy Copper
deficizncy causes glam leaves. gum poems in euros
mulls, and muldple budding or hulking .n noes or
erlrus. Falnr sprays, elemenlal sulphur, and olodss or
sulpoales olure deileienrelemenrs ranbe used.

Specral problems may be eaused by nomwullns
sands la tongus s IISponslblz), and my. sale levels ...
warer or so.ls aenlorule or llumus wlfl amelrorale KM