duodgmo lie downsrruarn loner nreoays also lul wxlh sand and link: a llal all bed all me edges ol wnren we planr large rrees (pecun. palm. avoeado, manga) —leeup are uponearn lures! Such [126 can elm dressesrwarer dam (um darn leresu. me barrler darn ls rand—ruled. several deep mouanes will grow mere, eg. aepemgns, 're pelms, cnlnese warer enesrnur, swamp a, elr. Full, me nrbble and sand an era buried reseyrrlrwnldn beeps lbe dam iull il kmw ol one film ural dropped only a rm m level nvtl a 7-year ), and also as a deep Ire-save ol nuroi sand [or me downsrearn loresl may erlrnd I—Z lrm rn me sandsomse rivetflola will only so in wide} Th! are hundmds or llrousands ol such sues a lew born lombllls in deserls, and llus sunple bul red sysiem rieaies oases wnere llrere were belore. me figure shaws a darn buili by r rallway al oddnadalia, Saudi Ausmlh, |l| ibe mas; k sail lunrnonlng well in lire lame. Iduw roosr nees around such dune, ibe guano lronr ids-en buds may be guinered as sham ol pnospnare lesrlllgr, and lbese are or greal yalue ln esiablislung issue or roelr wlndrow irees lss a dlluie soluilon or used wlrlr and pans af damp sand). 0n rlie srlr dam, .elorogrow vrly well as m! rusl swampy eondmon reader. and a good rrbp ol legumes and melons ean be yhnld ar rlnl ome. A lew suen dams snpperrl a ebong rlllage popula on. and will keep seuur nules downsrreern reenargod wlrn waierlor swlmmlng holes. MI elearwarer dams should be 5.9 m deep and di redueel surlree area, railier man shallow end wrde DAMS barrier dams aeross sue-ms ur wooded and sraole lulls an be erpeered n) have a long lile ol loo-dob years or more, belere sale and humus lill lne ralenmenl, end evul belore Glen a wellvdeslgned darn ean be Illt-fillslltd lrom lire base but barrier dame in and arersnurel be planned lrbrn |M oursei lo lill in me brun wxlh slli and rubble ln ine lusi lew years nre waler rliey bold wlll beslorednr sands and rubble Thus, dam-m dams ur desens slrould be bull! well Iwa from suen valley sues, and RI: iorbelenl now lnun wadir or lorulull sandebed and boulder sneams unoi be bled all lnlo almpsHtl/d enanneLr llilcd wlrn sand naps, and only alier um lo a darn nus dam sbrruld IIM inellbesued so am lasr walnuxl run in lo lr over loosesurlrre rnalenal || snrmld be (reused, and me margin; planied io rurnes and shrubs. rlgure ms some lrelplul landrs lor an elleuire and darn an be ebeelred belrue rensburoen begins, Ideally, ine rubble and sllr m are dry ereelr bed slould be very open and permeable, ol slones, pebbles, and coarse sends mus wlll alrnosl eerlarnly mean rner lne dam is near rlre looanllls or In a valley elose in me neadwaier roelrsl. Sewlldly, rbe lloorol elredam rs ldully day or massive nxk, and benre Ink-pm, Huwcvu. even If neither ol inese lanors are rdeal, sand dame will roll be good growing iiis, as we wll] be slowing down llood waler on a long "1de rue, An errenslve srlr darn ol 9—12 m in neigm n alwaye buill in IE or z rn mges. and rbe wall nosed ar ibe earlier sages srll up belund badl wall, gabions allow warer rd filler down lo e bare p pe, wlueb eanbe led lo .eulernenl. me wbole Am el siren alebrnenl needs m be proieeled lrom sprays, lenllrsers. and browsing rnrmals (o plmxl lie-mun selllnnznfi. RDCKHOLES AND CNAMMAS lek basun, ollen filled wlur waver, adse lrdm a senes nfudgns; some are - koek seounng ln snearn llow losrroeloni on stream beds. . preeoeunw and welslry rwelllng and snrlnlrlng plor roelr nunenl bydrellon - Salmoded ponds |l| roams nearrliesea. there are many ways ro assisi mm eonseryanon m roelrnoles,e.g, - Flll lrole wllh pebbla to lower eraporeuon; some waler ls losi, . Thakh or eoyer lrole. . build guners lo bole . Ereri a melal mesb lenee io direei dew rondensauen rd hole, . Deepen bole, and plssier n wlllr eenreni ll u lens. EVAPORAHON AND EVAPUFRANSI'IRAHON As we baye defined the rllmaoe nope ol nus cbaprer, Wye" eraperauon iparo ol wrber exposed la arr) will alwayr erreed or equal predpanon over me year. ln leer, I|nws| all ol lire sub—nurmd rd and areas reeled have a polenbal evaporaden well abone deal 0! enual ramlall. This means manor mos! oldie year, were ls no longer any rree waler lo eraporale ereepl lor lbe waier in drum or nlber upen—waler slareges A iypreal gram eropsuenar mruerneedssoernolweierromamre liis dnlrrely ro obraln enough were. unless waler srorage lrom run—o" is available, or unless run