he.“ is iairiy rapidly radiated lmm s s or soil suriaees ripes buried in hoi solid mam have heai edndueied io iheu eonienis, or hm waier pipes eonduei heal io slali noors which ihey are hurled, sueh heating is mosi efiieieni in homes. lniense hear irapped in solids and liquids is RADIATED, whieh is “12th iiarismiired across spaee by the sun Radiani hearers sneer air iemperarure yery lime, bur iadiaiiou heais oiher solids and liquids (lik! our bodies) or dust in ihe air. Thus, we (in keep Vlry warm eyen in a dnughfiy or cool room by ihe use ol radiahi eleeirie, gnsr re, or wood-huted mas sioye rhese are very em eni spaee hearers As radiarion (M space, and is uoridireeiiorial, loeused iadiaiion sari produee very iniense heai loeally. "MINE 5.12 YHERMM. BELT l Amldslwl. mudvlllznm suiieuiu omens am Muxlnnr human: side oi ihe hills aserniiiair wld. law miimaiion and soil wry urn-rein spouts PLANTS A5 HEATEIG Mosi or all Arum lilies, and species sueh as Phllo- dendron selluum siose lais whieh are "burm‘ io ereaie hul, so ihai ihe flowers hut up P’nllodendmns may iegisier Ib‘C UIS'F! when ihe air is 4-c m-rl, and ooeuses heal up io :51 mm above ihe amblem air iemperaiure The warrriih glnmaled is probably used to aiiraei llies and hakiuklng inseeis lo ihe pollen. Some planis {skunk cabbage, synplordrpns faculties), however, may use iheir heal io meli a hole in ihe spring snow, and so pioieei ihe blooms horn eold [at 2mm nods-n enrra heail as well as so pmide a rosy ineuuaior lor ihe resi ol the phm‘s gmwm‘ (New Sereniisi, 9 May ’85) and lo seaiier odoious seems ihai airraei polllmung nies More maxingly, ihe shape 0! ihe iirsi leaf el ihis speeies eieaies a Vunex lhom windl ihai is eoniainrd wimm ihe Mr leal and carries pollen down in she unpolliriaied lower newers, ihus achieving leriilisaiion, in cold wrrids, wuhour ihe presenee 0! m! As an mess 'hulen“ may have unpleasani smells, we should use ihrrn wnh cannon, Undeisiorey dumps or sueh speeies may assisi lrosi-iender, flyrpollimkd, or hen—starved planis. hisi as «all inierplani sysienis may assrsi general heal iequiieirienis lor some gmund crops. RADIATION mu czmleoN or seen the elieei oi soil ierriperahiies alone on gmninanun ol a Wlde range ol vcgemble seeds can be prolourid. semen wearc law-mm ihe iune io eermiriaie (in daysi eari be redueed io unPlcmh or mien-nil ol ihai in (old soils by inereasing soil iemperaiures. At ihe zxmmts ol ihis iemperaiure range, howeyer, we find many planis have hm 5 [idols whkh resuli in no germinaiion while almofl all yegeiahle seed will gerruiuaie in soils or lszirc {SG-GG‘TL sueh oddihes as eelery refuse lo gerriunaie am we um, and many eueurbirs, beans, and suhiropieals do noi stimulant below io~c (scan 1hus, we are really Ialklng aboui waning uniil IO’C is ienehed, or warming up are soil in gmhmxses or wilh clear or olsek plasrie muleh in the held helore planting Sameiimes rusi ihe ekpvsul! ol bare errih io ihe sun helps A simple ihermomeier inserred 2 5 em ll iriehl in ihe soil sinners la measure (h: soil ieniperaruie, or a Warm] sml iherruomeier ran be purehased. For speeilie erops, we can eonsuli suL'h iahulaiions as nre laund in Maynard and Lorenz (Knoll; Handbook fav VlgembltGmwrs. WHO, wiley, N. i A seeond elleer on garminihon is liehi iirell, (.5. earrois need a deliruie quanllry why“, and are usually surfarrplamzd io eneei ihis. We ear. surface—«alter sueh seeds. or hrsi sank iheoi avemlgm and Lhzn subieei ihem lo a day under a low-waiiape lxgh| bulb or in ihe open beioie planhhg and eoverine ihem lighuy (ihey reaei m ihis light only i/ wrmd [ism Large! seeds usually aeeepi burial and germihaiiori in ihe dark, while some weed seed and deseri seed Will germiuaie deepelauried For a iew weed speeies such as wild iobareo, a mere nash ol Iighi as when we lurn over a elod o{ soil) suliiees |o siari gmninon erl we eome |o cold, and we speak ol ihe STRATIFICATION or vExNALlsmoN ol seeds, Cold-am: seed. and spedneally km and berry seeds lroni boreal or eold areas, should spend ihe period hum auiumn io spnng in a Keirigeniur when iakeri io warmer dima|es. Apple seeds szored in sand or eheshiuis iii peai sproui in ihis way, and can be poned oui as ihey shooi. This in run reproduees ihe exposun: lo cold lisi aboui nus-c (gr-«ml ihai ihey nomially expei-ienre ai m: hher leyel in mid loiesis or marshes Wild rise and an" "int‘ aouaiie seeds are sioied in open ponds, or under waier in an ordiruary ieirigeraior, seraoheahon ean olieri be accomplished by keeping such seeds in sand or peai (or waier ior aquaiiesi ln eold shaded valleys, or under open eool iiellis in Wlnn elimaies. They (an be eheeked bu laie m wrnier and spring lor signs or germlmuo‘n Th: opposiie ol line is heal ireaimehi, sueh as we ean give io many iree legume seeds, by heaiime m an oven ai as'c (200m lor a men: minuie period, or by pouring vvyy hoi {Mar-bailing) waterover ihem, or by bunung iherri iria lIgN siraw lire Many older givdznus Will also reed seeds io ihemselyes iin sandwiehesl, or iheir animals lehicker. or eamei. mum ihe manure, make a slurry ol ii, and sew sueh seeds as ioniaioes, berries, and nee legumes The "9