and lruerivmnslnids

in sleep meisi valleys, rhere is gmd ieaiian la plani
palehes ei bamboo and ranan palm lsr larei “wild"
harveii, large nui rrees OI lieaivy waler demand
lmarudamia, seeiinui, peranl. wind—sensiiive large
iruiis (avoiadisl, and a seleclian oi higheiraiue rimlaer
rises lresewuud, luk, eedar, napieal ranilers, balsa.
malusganyl On more genile and assessilile siupes, a
mixiure ial pmduerive iree and palm erep an be
planred in me shriler pl pioneers, and an ridges a
pmieenve windbrelk o! hardy palms, Canmrmn, and
wmd.lasi legumes

Exrellenl nueieii rlumps i grassland are euiii up
km“ a elasepianied (1-2 m sparingl mi lure 0! Anti:
meamsn. A melanarylan, inya, clineidi Nimmrm,
Casuanna, V131”, Tlxzks, eomlrey, a pair in him ai
nasruriium ibux, sail, and all), a iew handiuii cl
leiriiiser, and a visii la slash grass and rail weeds
mainnaiiy. Ally shines, log, saidlauard, er aid rarpers
help it laid in ihe dump.

Naiurai aids are srumps lplani m ihesel and large
ruelssvlieep ihem eerinal Io einmp, i-ianr arriund laiiaes,
legs, or log piles ipiielrer sail and planr in ihe logs) ei
even old buildings and rock walls ii is wiihin and
mild mere pioneer nurleii ihar we ran eemmence re
allamlanan pr prpduerive nee amp, ieirig our nneleii
as mulch amines

 

A GENERAL N075 ON THE LEGUME

Mesi legumes, and aihee genera ol plams sueh asaider
and Casuarme have mvreliai mar assaeiaies whieh lir
almespherir miragen As ihese orgnnisms, arid ihe
rears is which rhey anach, are in a eonsranl prpress of
dealli and replaeeinenr ever a gnwmg seasen, much dl
rhe nitrogen is aisia released (or use by aiher plani
species, clever and nee legumes peilenri ihe same
belie!" fur pasiures. Sueh irees as ihe rain iree
(5mm sanum ean prim! green grass bdnw even in
dry seasons,

The amuunr ni ninogen hired has usually been under,
esiimaled, ai 754ml lrg el niiragen/ha/year, bur
ecneiem legumes such as lurerne (all-lie) may pmvlde
Lia-son kg olmlrrigen/ha/year, and rree legumes men
as Albiala as much in quire peer sandy soils liielry, D,
I951, Enzmmur Balany 36"” Every pari al sueh
legumes as ieuearna. Amcln, Alhzl'n, clineidu and
rephresi'ir may eaniam high nliregen levels; ane ean
aelually smell iiie ammania hum ihe has in rain or
wilm ihe mis lm crushed

Thus, all green maierial lmm sneh nees (green
muiehl lighuy ruined inia erep, wakr—mulched, or
even as inlerpiani, supplies much d4 ihe nilnigen liar
cmps ii is necessary la make sure ihe rises are me
oeulaled as seed willi ihe eaneei ml amxialcs. in she
nursery or in ihe field. Mesi agareulruiai deparrmeas
eari supply a he iii srrains pi immlanls, ui ihe HP
ocuhlm melt Many rirms supply Inoculum ier legume
and mm species, in sail lmm neduiaiing irees can ise
washed in around newly pianled eees, or mixed wirh

296

pmfmg rails

The ninogen is disrrilanied amuivd min vanes as per
Figure iim sdme shrubs and iiees lay down auaul a
9—year supply, and il em in ringiiarired, me slaw decay
ai ihe rears gives up nilrngen lor 5 years as se.
Nllragen, ii supplied arlilirially, quickly leaehes in
warm rains, sd legumes, vvirh lheir slew nliregen
release, an .i/enlual impariaiiri in any ins I enip
siruaruui,

The managemeni iii legumlmns iiee riiip musi ise
carefully assessed lei iseal eandilians Same
aanaidernpns are

- SPACIN ,wiih shrubs and small lrees, a 5 m apan
is rhe besl lin leiiage pindnriisn, and a irimmmg
nmghiell-mni oils. in is neammended

- SEASON OnLv in hose-hee nripiis can we li-im all
year lies enrsl. wherever mld is a seasanai pmlilem.
iwe mnnihs el gmwfli musi lae .ilawed la harden ihe
plani held-e winter or u will weaken as he shoeis are
mld»kill:d.11wslndmugmun he pan-lrimmed.

. pounce: There is same dang" ilial yaung
lmppieel shoals will have higher levels iii mlabollt
pdisdns ihan 2-3 year old shoals, and ii sleek do m|
ihrwe, ihis laneesheuld be am.

. SHELTER' ilees ean lae mine Mddy spared ipr reel
niimgen, seed pmdurlian (e g (or poulu'y and bees),
and (er in-rrap shelrer, as llowering and seed
prpdurnnn is belies ar an in spadng (depending en
nee sizel A full canepy may be needed iii rednre iir
eliminale irusi

- REPLACEMENT: Allhnugh many irees will
rappire fur A—m ynais, any sign at loss at viguiir sheuld
indicale llie need re replani Replaail lor small shrubs
may lse meessary every 2,, years, whlll same shrubs
and graund edveis are annuals ar sesame annuals in
raid—semen areas

in assess iural niiingen yield, we must assess sail
mlmgen iiem myeeha lsay 100 lig/ha/yearl and leal
and slash nitrogen/ha in such rmps as Tephvaria,
yielding 135 um in ( ems, leel nitwgen should he
abeur zo—sa “It, or! moo-i500 ig/lia/year, whieri is
some laelnrs hiyw flun lhe NM nilmgen yield. Thu is
rhe whale raiienale for avenue mapping and legume
mulch rhesphaleand pmarli levels in green muieh are
also sauslaelury lnr envp pwdunlnn

 

PIONEERING IN SECONDARY roam GROWTH
AND LANTANA
Laniana is analagaus to ihe rampaney of geese and
blackberry in rapier areas, and ihe essenlial pmeess
remains ihe same

. Ran dawnerush, ercul WI mnklux smps,

. piani advanced, vigorous mires el hraria,
ziiailyplas, vinssuch as rhayeie, gmund legumes, and
ideal pioneer speeies. Manure earn plani and mark
small planrs se rhey ean be easiiyseen

- slash every lew weeks in ihe wei seasen unrii ihe
hees are abuve ihe laminae eanopy, and nee any new
na-uraleeeseedlingrhaimmesup