. Do anal slash ai or alsour I5 oioiiihs. and iheii ml
or roll ldjurtu srnpsriseeieiid ihesysieni

. Use early pioneers le 5, Anna) as iriiileii ior
seleded hlsMilue species as pnviuufly planned.

iheshadingeaurallaniaiia takes rrooi 245 years, and
only rernnaiii and wear shoois reinaiii under
produnive ioiesi

in all eaieieive hill areas ol some or Laniariii. oenches
or ioads cm on eoniour every mum in is a pie-i aid
|n vegenemlivv ioreai proeesses and subsequem
harvafling or sbshmg oi new planiaiion These an be
kepl inowed and cleared, and eyenrually siaoilise as
iiees gmw Rind borders eari he ol dense, evergreen,
wide—crowned irees ior kink shading and subimy
Such deep shade also keeps lenses elear oi grasses and
weed eipp

PIONEERJNG 0N DIFFICULT 112me
On minrmid: and naiural landslide or Volta)“: areas
ol ihe iiopies i is hisi nmry lo poem ihe area wllh
soil—muleh ores lnui husks lroiri eororiui and
inaeadainia are rrcelleni |o esiaolish any pioneer
speciesi Thereaiaer, speeies such as Inga idiilis,
Leuraen. leiiearrplirla, irarioua A ms (A mearnsiil,
Scalrsm peduiieiinaia, prosapu pallida, and like legumes
iDulirlios, Drsrriodiiiiiil will prepare ihe aiea lor palms,
um, llgs, and ihe nioie useiul lruri rises, lay pmidini;
shelier and rniilrh lor subsequeni plimmgs. ii is beiier
In plani srnail assemblies ihan io space out a Iol oi
species on iheir own ii is oeiier lo plani sinall
aeernblies ihan I0 spaee oui a loi oi speeies on iheir
own,

A heavy spiked roller rrushes new «‘0 lava ian
Hawar ii ierin ior lava which is soliisli, noi lar
reoiored horn punuee eriished Luv: is both amiblu
and easily roared lo soils, Sod pociieis ran he provided
mih iraee elerneiiis (boron, manganese, a e, copper.
niolyodenuinl ii noi analysed as pieserii in any speeiiic
loeaiion

Near ihe sea and on islands, ihe mgm air condenses
on ihe 59.343ng side oi ihe sroiiis, which have a firm
mnsyalglhllthen iiora ihan rhe- inland side, and
packs” oi vegcllnoll aei in a similar rnaiiner In
ooiidense sea vapours ior iheir use, Thus, islam and
sea eoasis Will have dry and wei sides soiled lo
dilreieni plaiu species. in such eoiidinuns, a ragged or
ipiky roiesr canopy. where palins and rail pines or iruii
irees liii above ihe general eanopy layer. will ensure
more (undlnsdllan rroin sea air ihan will a level and
ielahyely closed ranopy

The saiuraied winds ihai sweep oil iinpie seas rarry a
hznvy inoisiuie load which is available as dew oii
yisldnds, hui is inueh iiioie elieeauely moped on ihe
iiiyi-iad leal suriaees oi an unrvtn canopy oi irees,
henee, ihe ioiesied slaps oi sea—iaeing iriounlaiiu in
nopie nadewind areas Even small garden iiee parehes
“min“ solily on clear nxghts when a seaewiiid is
Mowing, and lei down drips iii a sieady sneain ro swell
dned~mfl lava and in channel down leai mldrlbs lo

 

 

29B

ihe fibmus Inmks oi palms and rieeierns Dare planis
aie cleared, ihe eliesove precipirairaon ialls, rivers cease
lo iiow, and ihe land mm rruly dry.

SAVANNAH Fokrsm
wherever overgrulng plus lire or cul-Ind-bum
ioiesiry has ruined “alive loie-sis in pariicular rowards
ihe wekdry iropics. closed grassland specks oi
rue~pmnn and laugh grasslands dew/day, donng our
ihe iree seedbed and pieycnrini; good managemeni
pracriees Furrher burning ar Culklvalion inay iesuii in a
depauperaie grassland iii law leKk (irrying capaeiry
aver ihe dry period, and paiehes oi balv and eroded
soils, low in riuirieni siaies and ar rinies acidie l H
H sl inay develop, alady grass (Imprrlln ryliiidriral
and oiher oopical Iorage giasses aie smbbum, (bush
and alinrisi inpeneiraole barriers in gardeners and
slack, :Ilhongh ihey pmvid: good inuleh

Gwen rains oi 50-150 ein, a sei ol mugh pioneer
\Egumu are aval‘ablr lor ihe rehaoiiiia on oi axe
hausied Sltes lintludins inine spoils and road
einbanlrinenisl l'rnvldmg enough seed ran he
ub iied, direci seeding in seraieh holes or ehiselled
arrips wl|l resuli iri ihe lasi esiahlishnieni oi some, or
all. ai ihe species lisied belaw. In which can be added
leuraeiii and Allan. speoes. Tropical grasses, acyihed
or mown H nines annually, make good inuleh lar
aces and garden;

When uslng legumes, leaidiop and nodulaiion will
re-esiahlish soil levuli‘y Yho canopies oi Atom:
auriraliyorrriis or A, maiioiiini wrll shade oui arid kill dig
grasses, so ihai lire inhuisiiy is iedueed or ererihially
eluninaled Using ihese pioneer legumes as noise crop.
iirewood. pulp ilirioer, mulch, and honey sourees.
highevalue iiinber surh as rosewood, mahogany, Ind
rbnny can be iniipdueed in lines or (leanings in ihe iiisi
crop, and ihe gradanun rnade lu cilher hrghevalue
ioiosiry or so seiisiole suip nilriuaiiori on a susiainaole
oasis

 

 

    

Flaunt nut
10st nr winner" INVENslTV AROUND A nice new:
unison will diiiiisa lien iria sail or rain 5 years iiiara In: is an
area. .a or wear ms hm; airei ihe Me oi ihe rise inirreiry ai
niiniiisn aaiiianiraiuri rails in in. arm rooi rains