grass, hut iorussed by boliles or eurved glass. and welding, ellnpllre, and elgalerle aerldenrr. ln all, llghining and aelidenrs are perhaps only a or so oi ioral lrresl lhe vasl lnarorlry ale hr by lllisehieyious, psychoparhle, or even wellenleanlng people. A iew pyrolnanlael ilghl and allend rnany lires, and even enlisr ili yolunreer llreilghiing org. sakxons, m aborlglnal or rlloal peoples, an angry person will sorneonns burn oui asalnp or ioiesl FACIORS THAT INCREASE ms lN-rENsl'nr 0R SPREAD oilee inlrlaied, wlldlrre ean spread wr|h gleal speed. grass hles spread alrer hell am iarler ihe dew has dried om, lorelr oils horn rlildday or 3 pm. Alier .n inuial ilaleup, an hour or so surllees lo develop flmwrm wildxllons, alded by. . Lam hlels oi srlirller ihan o eili dlameler, grasses and silels, al less rhan m. wnler ronlelir is ehluilr ol 75 x so lnln pine, unpainied, ran be weighed to judge liuoiidiiy and wood drynesl, where saiuraled, rhis wood is lodged ar loom. l-ine woods erupr ae less rnan m, hurnidiiy or mouluie sonierri due ro iugh luln or oil eonrenl. . Wlnds olhorii I060 loll/h areeleralesplead, as ihe square oi lhe veloelly. Lg, ar 20 lliii/h, ll ihe spread is 2 lon squared per hour, rhen ai so lull/h, ihe rare ll 4 loll squared per hour. Al hlghrr wind speeds, rorlgues ol lire break up ihe Illeilonr A| lw ion/h, ground rues iroysell-exongulsh. a mud; "backmg" lshriilngl late in ihe day may blow our . ills flank “no a broad lroril, or even blow a (lie back on lisell and lnalre ll saler However, oaelnng winds are unpredirrable, and in wlldllre rhe best srlniegy is «o order an early eylrusliori or a broad area ereepl ior reanls lln sale lerugesl whose rob u ls ed pui our lnlnrrr huuu In: in ihe illsl lulflmux alier ihe rue has [used Fur lhrs reason, iolesied suburbs need loeal refuges (gravelled areas wlrll underground shelm), as do lsolaled hollleiieads. and long sllelehes oi roads thmugh irularriniable loiesis. Midfile will always oellil oil and borders; rhus we need lo hlsi oe able lo live wlih lire, and perhaps only wwmianly lover a period or yearsl design lo ellelirde [HE horn senled areas by a combination or: o Alrering lne yegeiarion ia ereaie lnlne ole—ilnniune sysiellis - Desrgning danls speeirlrally lo noodrlow over hillsldes subyeel lo rue . Mechanical or glazing removal or ruels ills: belore breadallgel penedklhls lneludes dead irrirsh, long dry grassesand ihe dead lower bunches ol lrees, ln noll—llrhabired rleas, bolh “tool” rues (damp .nd eool wellherl and "hill" riles idry periods) are some lirlies lii es a llianagelnenl lliosair io preserve VHF dependenr llola arid 1auna;ihisls unsale and dirllruli lo miml, and ollen muses hles Houses, dense surrounds, village surrounds, and 452 iruown plannng lol lrle lolesls al rhe base ol sellled slopesl should all be deslgned ro lnlnirnlse rile darnage and inorialrly File an be expeeled al wlldhle on a lnole or less regular senedule ln specilk yegelallon lypes al aboui so years in wel selelophyll loiesl, Ho years ln dry slyannah. and even annually ln unblowsed grassland. Thus, rile prouldes a speed-re ploblelii lor designers and landowners progressing oooi grassland io lolesl operarlonl, From 3.5 years, or uniil (areal esiablshrnenl, ihe sysleln has hlgh hre risk and we need lo programme plarihlig oiosails lo iedure dislrlo risk. mean“ is a way or decreasing llle rlilensily, loads ICI as Illebleal, as do ponds, lnarslies, livers. srony aiels, and sulnlneregreen or sappy plani props hedgerows. Horirorual hrebleah weakens or iedirles ihe lire hunk energy, Veroeal lirebluak, lo preronl fin ”auwmng" iri liees, re res on rhe relnoval or lower oranlhes, dead nee normal, and perhaps ml planllng sappy ground coral under ihe iolesr No rueoleah leyen in km or warerl ls eiieeilye in llleslorrns, as lire raniadoes, wllh aseeni yeloeicies ol up is 150 mm roll dr-Idup on ihe lee rrdge srde ol hills, iraselllng downhill and hhillg aloli large logs and braneher arid pieees oi houses, and clearing niassiye aerial gaseous explosions The ground winds near rhe base oi lhis rolurnli lsonle lens oi lnezies across) ean reaeh lno loll/boar and will roll people over and over The noise ls dealenlng ln lhese lornadoa, or in more nilnor whirlwinds. lMimitsflml riiaierlal is earl-red alon and dropped our ironl I40 kill dowliwuid ro srall ilesh lnes, and hesh nresiorln sequemfil igilre 5.2!.) in lowns, lire ll-slsranl desrgn (fur wildrirel has lhese Ieaiilles r a sllnple m0! and wall ouillne lno iniernal loor valleys or le—enrranr wall eorners io pile up lnrandese eenl ashl . No iarpaper ioor lining proreellng lnro guilers. loo! guuers should have erlher a leaI-rree prnllle, or can be plugged and waiel-hlled in ihe erenr oi lire (plugs are nandlly thinned ro ihe guriel near dowripipa) Rool spares olien alien alighl horn leaves ln ihe gulier - No unsereened windows. underfloor, or wall eairiry vull spares, all need nnernesh oieral screens io iudueesparlrsire Even beds ean enrrh ahghr wlrh large embers, and rellais or underfloor spares lliay have dry rilewood or lilel lloulds sioled lhere - No inflarriliiable dool lnars, nor wood piles or shrubs lgailrsi ihe house walls large earls ol perlol, or elplnslve rnaierlals, should be sioled in a shed away horn ihe housas, hghily hdded. SITING or HOUSE AND BUILDINGS ln sireprone areas, houses are ar lnosl danger irooi upslapr lire; lew houses suryioe wildllre on snarp rldgeiops, or ln hill saddles lhar have dlvrrgrlig i-ldgellnes nearing a wind lhlel rilnnel cflrd The sanie tunnelling nr illrensrllearlon oi lire ls ereaied by