:PROPERTIES: :ID: 872e5c8a-68b7-4bd4-8963-736c38b8139c :CREATED: [2018-05-31 Thu 13:54] :MODIFIED: [2018-05-31 Thu 14:11] :IMPORTED: [2023-02-08 Wed 19:22] :END: #+title: Harry Book This chapter looks at the technologies empowering the Arab Spring dynamic of 2011-2013. It argues that even though the movement in Egypt was essentially a protest and demand movement employing a single tactic of occupation of physical space with the intention of creating a political crisis, and rarely offered a coherent direction towards clear policies, the communication technologies used prior and following the uprisings were centralised and proprietary, giving more power to a smaller number of individuals with initiative, and hence easier to influence, corrupt or intimidate than potential decentralised alternatives with better functions of collective editing and reaching decisions. Amr Gharbeia is interested in the juncture between technology, politics and the law. Over 12 years, he has helped communities and civil society use ICT for social change, and as Technology and Human Rights officer in the Egyptian initiative for Personal Rights, he has written and advocated policies in the privacy and information rights domains. He is also a former staff member of Amnesty International. Gharbeia holds a degree in bank management and is currently pursuing another in science and technology studies, focusing on resilience and appropriate technologies in housing.