solid iludge led lo worms, which eonveri ii in rich hordelillural WIL Founh|yr ihe wan‘M lhemselvls oan beusedloleed hahorpouliry, llireh siaies six principles oi nalural sysleois. I. -Nolhing ui namre grows loiever - mereisalonslam cycle oldeeay and rebiriiii z ~Cernlinualron oiliie depends on ihe rnainrenariee oi ihe global biosgeoehernieal eysles oi esienlral ele- menls, in panreular carbon. oxygen, nllrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus, mm we need lo eyele ihese and olher mlnor nulr nls lo slrmulrle growlh, and is keep ihe amiosprrere and walers o1 earrh unpolluoed l 3. "Die probabiliry or exlrncrion o1 populalions or a species is grealesl when ihe densiry ii very high or very 10w," lboih crowding and loo iew individuals oi a species may resull in reaching lhresholds oi exiinelieni a, The chance ihal species have lo survive and reproduce is dependenl prlmanly upon one or rwo key lesions in ille complex web oi relarrons oi ihe organism la ils environmen - lli we can deieianme whai ihese eddeal [mars are, we can exclude, by design some lilaullng laciors, eg. lrosr, and increase orhers, e g shelter, nesi silesl 5. Our abiliry lo drange ihe tree bl ihe eanh inereases or a lasier rare lilan our abiliiy lo loresee the eonsequenee oi such ehange: lHence rho lolly ol desiroying lile syslems lor shon-ienn prolir.l rig organisms are mil only means bul ends ln lo lheir inslrumenlal value lo humans and olher ving organisms, iheyliave aniriirins wonh- mus is ihe lr/e ruin lhesrs so ollen missing lroiai oiherwise flhlnl sysiems.) Allhnngh ihese principles are basic and inescapable. wlrar we as designers have lo deal wiih is survival on a pilmculir sire, here and now Thus, we rnusl siudy whenler lire resourves and energy consumed can be derived iiom renewable or non—renewable resourees, and how non—renewable resollrees can besa be used in conserve and generale energy in living lrenewablel syslems Famnulely lor us, ihe long-leern energy derived from lire sun is available on earlh, and can be used lo renew our resources illilerysielais are oarehllly eonsiruned and preserved. 'niere are lhur several praerical design eonsidera- lions lo observe - The sysiems we eonslrusi should lasi as long as possible, and lake leasl rnainlenaiiee. . Th5: sysrems, hreled by the sun, should produce nol only lhelr own needs, bur «he needs oi ihe people clearing or cenrrolling rheln. 1hus, lhey are susrarn- able, as ihey susrarn boih lbeniselves and ihose who what! lherri. - We can use energy lo conslruel irreso syslerns, providing lhal in iheir lilelmie, mey slore or eonserve more energy lhan we use in eonslruer rhem or lo mamiain lhern. nre lollowlng are some design prineiples lhar have been drslilled ior “x in pennaeullure- l. WORK wmi NATURE, RATHER THAN AGAINST rr. We can assisl Ill-her lhan impede narural elernene, nines, pressures, processes, agencies, and evoluiions ln namral sureessions, grasses slowly give way io shrubs, which evenmally give way lo liees We can aclively assrsl (his nalural succession nol by slashing oiil weeds and pioneers, Inn by using iliem lo provide microclimale, nulrienis, and wind proleerron lor ihe exolle or naiive speeaes we wanl |o eslablrsh "I! we lhrow naiure our ihe window, she comes been in ihe door wilh a plkhiork" lMasanobu ruxuoxal. For example, it we spray lor pesl iidesiaiions, we end up desiroyirig bmh pesls and ihe predalors lhal leed on lhzm, so lhe lollowing year we gel an explosion ol pesis because lhere are no pmdabols lo c0nlm| irrerri Consequenlly, we spray more heavily, pulling lhrngs runner our oi balanee. Unlorrunalely, all ihe pesrs are never lulled, and ihe survivors breed rnore resislenl pnigeny lnarure's ynchlark!) 2 ma PROBLEM IS THE soumow :veryihing wurki bolh ways ll B only how we see ihings lhal makes «hem advanlageous or nor, li ihe wind blows cold, lei us use boil. in slrengrh and ils coolness lo advaniage llor example, lunneling wind lo a wind generilor, or drreelirig cold winier wind lo a cool cupboard in a healed housel A corollary oi rhis principle is lhal everylhing is a posilrve resourse, ii is up lo as m worle oul haw we may use ii as such, A designer laiay reeognlse a speerlie sire eharaderisiie as errher a problem or as a unique leaiure capable or several uses, e.g laggtd ioel oulerops siieh leaiures ean only beeome problems when we have already derided on rrnporing a speeilrc silo panel-n lhal llie roels oulerup rnlerlerer wilh. ii is nor a problem, and may be an age il we ioeepl ii lor ihe niariy values ii possesses. The problem is lire solullnn" is a Molllsonism implying lhai only our need alliludes are problems when dealing wllh dungs lilre luck ouleiops! A lricnd has ineluded se‘vrral naluial boulders in her home wiih exielleni physual, lesihelie, and eeoriornre benelrr, ihe builder would have removed rhem u "pmblems", at yell expense 3 MAKE THE LEAST CHANGE FOR THE GREATEST possum EFFECT. For example, when choosing a darn sile. seleel ihe area where you gel ihe moss waxer ior rile leasl amounl oi earlh moved l, THE wall) OF A svsrzM IS THEOREIICALLY UNLIMITED monly lrmil on be number pluses or. resourse poslble williin a syslem is in ihe limir ul ihe iniormarion and ihe imaginalrori ol ihe designer I! you think you have Iufly planled an area, almosl any oilier rnnovalive designer earl see ways In add a wine, a lungus, a benefieisl mud, or eon see a yield polerinal lhai has been ignored, Cahan cilledder a! ihe Garden ol Eden in Auslmhi found an unsuspeeied niarlrel lor oneruiloya seed. required by nurseries as seed sloelc lor 15