erirerearr and sale nousing oyer broad elimarre ranges
sualegres such as warer srorage and wrndbreair modily
erlreme elieers. Many planr and animal speeres snow
rery wide cllmi|i( roleranees, and ioeal rrilrrrrars are
developed ior airnosi ail rmporlanl iood pianls Tire
vanely oi iood grown in irome gardens varies only
slrglrlly overa grear many srniarions

As designers, we are as rrrlereared in txlvtmts as in
means (averages) siren measures as average ralnlnfl“
lraye yery lirrle relevanse ro speeiire sires. oi more
yaioe are dara on seasonal fluuuallon, dependabiirry.
mrensrly, and in. irmrrs oi reeorded ranges oi any one
iaeror nus will decide rlre praerieai lrrnirs |hal need ro
lae ireluded in a design

People who are sailed on lo design or rrrsrrrrer Over
wide elrrnarre ranges would do well lo read in more
general lreaimenls suelr as Eyre ileum and James
(mil, or in modern brogeograplrirai rears. Tlrese
irearmenrs deal wirrr world yegerarron pairerns and
eliorarir laerors

Toral sire iaerors relalad lo land eoniigurarion will
impose specrne lirnirs ro any design; soil dara will alao
be speerire ro sire There is, inerelore, no siloslrrrrrs in
any one design ior local obseryarion, aneedores,
derailed maps oi ioeai iaelors, lrsrs oi locally sucra-sriul
planl and animal species, and analysrsol loeai so ,

lr is obligarory lor any designer lo srudy rlre regional
long—ierm lrriiaran and agrieulrural adaprarions ro
elimale Above all, we srroriid ayard inrrodurrng
lemperale lauropeanr leerrnioues and speeies ro
liopieal and and lands on any large sraie Aborigmai
peoples were neyer so -sirnple and priinirive" as we
irave been led lo believe by lire lrleralrrre oi rireir
rnyaders. Name agrreulrurai and pasroral rnanagemeni
pracriees are oilen liueiy luned ro survival, are
somerrmes very produeriye, and above all are
rndependenr or oulsrde aid

 

5.2

THE CLASSIFICATION OF BROAD
CLIMATIC ZONES

Mosr global Chmallc elassiiicariona are bored on
precipilarion-radrarion inreraslions as ioranrrlaled by
Vladinnr Koppen um), and subsequenrly anodiired
and ripdaled oy arirlrors srielr as Trewarrrra (195A)
figure 5.: rs lronr rlre larrer reierenee More
eloselyaienned pianl lrsrs ean be gryen by releaenee ro
rlre ~i_rre Znnz" marria developed by l-ioidridge (flan-r
5.2», wniclr has enabled James Duke and orlrers lo
annorale planr lrsrs willr eoneise elrrnarie keys Many
plani eornpendia allaerr 'mnes oi hardlilcss‘ lo planr
lirlings, commonly used rrre usA. As given in
Harms Third, lire zones are in male 5,:

Measures or cul—oi’i’ pornrs are usually crrosen rlrai
appioumale rlre limirlrrg boundaries iur liie lorms, and
are mainly good appmld‘nulimls oi ielrrai m uprimum
ranges. lire main qualilyrng iaerors on rrre uroad

 

 

rlassrlroarion oi elimarieraerurs are.

- spoemlrmruniaineondilions,

. lrre modriyrng eiiocrs oieoasrs land rlre earrenres oi
ronrinenrai in|encrs),

- local energy iransler by winds and oeeanre
errrrenrs, and

. Imigdeml eyelre laerors,

Some problems in rlus area are-

l Inslrumznts ior aeerrrare measuremenr are
expenslve, and often speeine re a narrow ionge oi lire
roral speelrririr lvf eiloers

z Aveugu in srielr areas as precipilarion and
radiarion oireir reier only lo one parr oi lire rural
rpeelrum We rraye iew long—lerm reeords oi log
preeipilarron. dew, longewaye radiarion, rilrrariuler
inerdenee, or gaseous almospirerie eomposrrron.

a We are aware lirai "in, sun, and mild rnleran in a
dynarrrre and eonrrnrrorrs iasrrion, so ilrar averages
mean lrlrle lo a planl or animal srilayesa lo lhr normally
rirangrable r//eris liral may eoyer wide ranges or
inreraeriye measures,

in inis clraprer, we are eoneenmd only wirlr lire very
broad eliinazrc zones (design speeiiias lor eaelr elrmarre
zone are giyeia in laler crisplersl lirese have been
grouped as Inflaws‘

- TROPICAL no monilr under IB‘C lwrl mean
lemperalrir and SUBTROPICAL: eoolesl monrirs
above nic (sz'n oul below mic 1609 mean in erieel,
lrosr—lree areas

. TEMPERATE oldesr monrirs below we iaz-rl,
warmesi aboye lu-c ism» mean lemperalrrre, lo
POLAR- warmesi monilr below I0"C (SPF! or in
perperual irosl we or lassl mean

. AKID. mean rainiall so em lie. rnelresl or less lo
DESERT mean rarniall 15 em (ID inelresl or less
ineludes subehumld, or any area wirere eyaporarron
eaeeeds pmpllanml

 

 

5i3

PATI'EKNING IN GLOBAL WEATHER

SYSTEMS;
THE ENGINES
OF THE ATMOSPHERE

Dense sold air rlows oonlarrually oil rlre polar roe eapa
nus hly‘»pl$sum or down-drauglrl arr spirals oul ol
lire polar regions as persislenl easlerlres wirielr arieer
lriglr larirudes loo-arm near rlre lee—cap rrrernrelyes.
Longspolras uirrrrs arr eurve oulward ru lalilrideacr

As rlre spiral rrseli is eauglrr up in land generared by)
earrlr spin, rlrese eoid eeils oi arr drrye a series ol
mnh’l—Mah’ng law—pressure sells irrirning eloelwrsein
rire surrllrern lremrsplrere and anli-eloelrwiae in rlre
rronlrerni Triese rn rurir ureslr willr roraling spirals of
Nyl-pressuu air which lraye risen al rlre aqufilur, and
are ialling al larrludes ls—«r

The highepressur: mrd-lalrrrrde sells rrirn anrr.
eioeirwrse in rrre sourlrerrr lremrspirere and clockwise in

107