ruslres used ior mud. and lnarring, . Legumes ins gram or pisluw legumes, cloyers, yelelres, loprns. ralos, and bulbous or deeprooled legumes, same 0! use ior loods as rubers. some rwlnrng - magnum perennrai ilowerlrlg plans as bulbs, rnraornes, ur ruberolrs loor masses, many are dug as land rn wrnrer. Suntan! inellanrlrlls s l, breadroor lpsnlnlln spl. eloeus, earrrass, nlalrposa or sego llly, and a yanery ill nrelrlds, are oi llrrs group All use flmun group belong ill illlsriassrileanon . Hub eeous and relennlal Fulbs neilles, domes, and speeres ul rlre iamllres Urrrbelll/erue liennel, dllll lrr Cl'mpusllat generally, as well as many iluwerlng planrs oi meaows (pnppres. Iorgzkmc—nms. walerrress, burreleupsi all belong here A law are annuals, and many have a wrde range or uses - W sad. as dandellon, rlllsries generally planralns. dllells. and (hlmry iall high- value browse and some used as salad planrs and yegelablesl are iearules nl rnrred pasrures, meadows, and grasslands. wneilrer we are dasigning llr eonsrnrdrrlg a "widow, llr lenabrlrralrng one, ll ls nectsslry lo srully a low oi me errlreal ellararrerlslres oi eaen planl group suen iaerorsale . Mgugnu wnerlrer rbe spesres orsurs as clumps, or are solllary in rbosysreln Somespeeres need ru be ser our as parrlses m slumps lo pelslsi, orlrels do well alone . Mernod oi l-romalron Comiley, narsrssos, and sunruol are all nalurally propagated yegelalryely by belng lrarrrsled, srored, and lorgorlen by burlnwrng ammals Halwudi surn as rlrisrle and planraln seed on bunow sporls, lasrsl elose pralrng and lllerelore oesur near burrow nlourlrs or on cropped areas wrrlr sorl dlsmxbame Drsrurbnnee also surrs annuals and wlndblovwn spears r Prelened Souls and sues. Dralnage illom boggy in lreedlarnrd grayels or sands) rs one rnlrral larlor ior meadow sbesres balance, as rs soil molslure reserve, Ar‘ iry/alllal‘ ' la a second primary iaeior, so sin n inrrlal pleparalion and plarelneni ol meadow srles. some vanahml ln suelr [idols ean be buxlkm so rlrar ebosen speeres buys a nrene or srie lo myy Although meadow planrs preier iree drainage, rnosl sodges preier poorly drained areas, while rlneory wlll eolonrse eolnpaered ground As a meadow is a perennlal or seliseedrng sysiem, ground preparairon musi rnyolye an rnrrral earrlrsnaplng and weed rernoyal ellorr 1-rreeolleerlorl oi meadow speerer involves searelres oi seed and planl raialogues, roadsldes, and reierenee boolo, bur rlre end resull ol rneadow reerealron is a llery uselul and pleasing assembly bl planls wrlb a val-red prrrdurl base, pmduong heallhy anrrnals on range Up lo ilrls pornl, we have eonsrdelad only lire needs and yalues or meadow planrs, bura meadow rs as murb nlauliarrled by rrs pollinalols. browsers, bllnowers, and lbor pndlk‘us as ll ls by pinnr glowln ln lael, many plans only malnrarn ri llrelr anlrnal assurares are presenl so |hi( owls, ireld rrrrre, burrerilles, bees, and worms are all pan ol a mudow assembly, and have specrllr iunerlons rn meadow deeeloprnenr and malnienanee REVH’AUSATION 0F CDMPALTED soils AND WORNOUT PASTURB Dan on sorl rellabllrralron ls gryerl rn cnaprer 3 ul bunk, bur any soll or eolnpaeled paslure ean be reyllallsed by perrodle sodseedrng, using a hmadrllanged rlusel pornl al old ran deplll and n5 lo no lrl spaeing lo cul lne roars nierlsirng grasses and lo pmwde a seed lurrow lor more vigorous, dupvkudl lnoro nurnrlous, or drouglrrresrslanl grasses ol wosaiy iorages Early sprang and irorn mld aurllnrn lo early wlnler are llre usual pasnrle speelas sowing perrods. erlr rbe seed, rraee elemenls, mayor null-lenls, and waler-relarning gels can be rrrelrled lnlo ilre shallow iunowssodeleloped by llle dnesorenrsel pornrs rn rlre old or degraded pasrure, Sam lyprral seed IIHXG tor sod seedan may ulrlude a vaneey oi slouers, ebosen ior rrre, pH. and dralnage, splkemli suen as dandelron, planraln, and enrrory, woody browse speeans and lrredrranal speeies iudl as wormwood, lagasssre, zlnrugnrrs, prnes, wrllows, or poplars, and grasses elrosan ias lor eloyersl lor rlre speolnr slie and sorl iaerols li labour or roolser planlers are available, roor eulrrngs, bulbs, and planr cumngs oi woody browse, eolnirey, willow. or poplar ran be ser our rn detprrlpped lulrow, erllrer as a palrule browse cornblnallon, or as proneers lor larrn loreslly operabons A speaal useolsodeeedrng rs ln sowlng down lands wnere mundvmsh ilunensl ‘II grow ll llre land ls normally plougbed and enliiyaled Here, minllnal lrllage prewenls rlre spread and vam oi ruslres and llre andrnearlon oi soil. Ibis eslablrslres clover and wit pasiule ol erop wlrlloul ruslr eornpellrron, or wrrlr lnrnlmal nrsb growlb (olren browsed all by rarlle ll clover ls presenrl Ben Fivquhar oi Wyarrlbl lTasnranial glues rbrs dara (or eoarlal pasnrre esrablrlnmenl As rnany roasrs and beams are eopper and sobalr denoenl, inrs is also added clover ar 07 Ira/ma rs sod—seeded airer a slash oi brush and ruslres, and an aururnn burn Tne sawlng rs eompleled rn are rllsi lnonrn oi wlnler in can be earlier ll «be ground was preylously ialluwl. Aboul a ion oi dolomlre per year is added nougned rnarslly eossls oilen resull rn a pH so low rlrar unecmmmlnl arnolrnrs oi dolomrre need io be ussd so eorreer ilre sbll eondrllon—anorber lnslanee oi how lrlglr energy use eauses coal and walk laler, Th: lowland so ploughed also bugs vebleies, pus: badly ln wlnier, and may ourelrly 5n our oi use. lrs besr usage. lben, lsae wildlik marshal full ponds, and a souroe or Typha browse or reed lbabclr lor erairs, wbere aerd boggy ground has been srealed by plblerrlng and Mm! 441