and ilashy or inueilaginous harbours. Desen snails (an
be callakd horn posl lops in males or grasses, where
lhey garher lo aveid sml heal.

mg gnlrron
Warer lleas, cyclops, nsrraebds, nnrlers, and so on ean
be euliuied in snrall ponds or lanks supplied wilh
lerruee. pahm sliees, crushed sugar eane. mimDC
leassayal Dr legume leayes. A shallow bay oh ihe rry
ponds an be screened all liar rhis purpose, and rhe
planidon wlll swim eul inle ihe iry ponds. Condlilnns
in ihe enriched area may um suir lirh, bur pruduse
ample lood

Midge larvae and lubilen worm enlrures in rich,
shallow, arganre ponds supply essennal iry ioud. as do
ihe brine shrimps Mnmlm pl sall pans Arlrmuz rulniie
is one ol rhe very lew prbdnmye uses ol saline iruand
ponds.

  

ir llies will "blow" wnsie meals or eaisasses
suspended dyer ponds, and ne- puirld shallows
supplied wiih lriiehen slnk waier wrll breed ~geniles-
llaryae pl mailer. irnar rliesl in ihe muddy base (dzpfli
oi waler l4 ernl,

h is in ihe deie opnienl olsueh hig’kpmcm loods as
areessory is lish ponds ihai we slv: rhe grealesl
eonlinuing eesi ol lish ruHunilond, in our sire
planning suelr areas are as imparranl as ilre ponds
lhzmsdvcs. For herbivorous species, semknmpagmus
planls sueh as Nasrurinim, detsunlm, Delrrhus, and
ebririrey supply hardy and palarable loods lo lish surh
as Trlunia lrr ehannel eulnires, ihe hanks iheinselves
iwhen planied lo sueh speeresl are a romplele hand
supply-

Aguane ino hiss
Species nl ihe genera Physa, Linnaea, EyI/mla, Vieipiira,

pisidiun $yhn£rlum and so all oculpy mosr alkaline
walers l-ney harm a large pan er ihe load at inn and
are easily errlriyared on regeranon in organie ooze rn
shallows and on slreain hunks, or in pools,

wiiriris.

srnall rir largeseale win-in beds are invaluable scum
ol lood ler [ism worms are eolleeied by needing ihe
beds al iniervals mm a sourre of hay, loud snaps. or
manure. wurrnegrdwing ran be a irraior Iish leod
pmducvr The htsslan lburlapl mvu bl worm beds ean

be immersed in or suspended aver pends alln llpoding
rhe beds.

mnnen pom; SEQUENCE
As eaeh small pond ialls lluiaugh a pipe lo rhe near,
upsnenrn inigralioir is preemled while downslream
inigrauon is possible or even aided Funds l have buill
were organised as per igure ms

The erueria ler upsrream speeies are simple, in
planls, ii is ihar rhey be non “wish/E. and in animals,

low on ihe hpphie ladder ll such pnnds are arranged
along sprion or vedrains. ser-eral origins and
deslinalions can be aehieyed, will. lorage lish or
xnvmthnm: migraring always dowrurrearn, and even
[hen a penned pond abere ihe rrour or pnrdaiursyslein
ean make a rrourdree lorageslish polyeulnire

From lhernrabg: Dam add manure; shrimp ear algae
prddueed by the manure Some shrimp lame esape ie
ihe nexl pond where a small rish breeds rraiuilursre liar
erainplel These (all again in mm or perrh in ihe lasi
lpollell pond, Snails eair be pan ol lhis driwrrllow i/a
separnre lmakc is arranged Speeies amiable hi earh
slageam’

A. ORIGIN:
Animus Manunal speeies surh as dutks, lreslrwaier
mussels, amphipods and phrulnclds (mud shnnipi.
small lreshwaier erabs llrlaheerrmusl, snarls, shrimp
(Alyl.Marrow-(mum),hoglirvie(Hyh,Runl,Cr-1ml

Elam Nonvflovwering or non-invalive speeaes nieli
as rare, and nianurial speries sueh as Awfla iriseees and
iheirlaruae will alsoberepiesenred, lilre ii or nnr

Sim mailed logs, reed beds, brush and small
rover Taro or olher userul erup ian also be planned in
any pond dnwnsheanr

edgg,Coinhe,-, eining legume-s, min,

5. NEXT row mWN:
Anlmils Any bl rhe abhfl’o plus more predarory
lmeflebrales and very small lish working al phnkmnlc
level, e g hurraccrlaedmg lish siirh as mmnowsi
paraguhrrds. Serrlaga in rlre mud

Plants Uselul edible speeies lhnnglmngmn mounds

5mm Reed bed, small pipesand logs

Edges Mulberry, berry lruu, legumes, eenihey.

c and n iollow inueh ihe saine sequenres as pvrn in
a produrls or yields ran be raken nfl' ai any level as
sruirnp, snail, ducks, hogs, lam, rilapua, pereh, or Imm
Even pH can be filmed in some rhalns m allon
diileieirrspeeies io enrer rhe chain, and niches arranged
far speeial plan or arrnnal gmps, so rhai high oxygen
and low oxygen demand spesies are armrnrnorlared
Such syslems can accept waler pelhued by phosphares
and nuraies as pan oi llrerr rnlalre, prnvrding planls
and erganisins ean he lound lo eope with ihal level 0'
pollursnl leigure 13,33).

there an‘ ar leasl lhrel: siralegies ra inerease ine
dii-ersiry oi ihe waters, all apply lo relauyely small
s|ill>pnnds, marshesor penned ponds We ran.

« local: ponds al neadwarer and rrdge loeaiions,
lhus creasing small eeologieal lsldwds:

- 5alr small ponds Inr ihe developmenr at
seianriianne speucs‘, and

- Manure small ponds and marshes wuh iraee
elemenrs, animal inanuies, and phosphaiie er nilmr
genous kfllllslrls in order ip produee large guaruiiies o1
lorage nsn algae, er erusrarsrans which will leed nrhil

Swingle mail proposes ihal up us 50% rd a eairnslr
pond ean be in snalinws; ihese are ro pnwide [nod lor
ihe inain lish las shrimp), riol ai a (061 ol redueing hsh

493