wlnd, whlle per-rnanenl erop, lerlaelng lorurry, and (m lhe ease ol gulllesl diversion and spreader drum plus gablons help reduee or heal seoured areas Tunnel eroslon may eall lor de—sroelrlng, eonlour dralnage, and lhe eelabllshmenl ol deep—loosed planls, wlnle lhe problems ol desalling need lhe eomblned raelors cf runonslahen llo lower groundwaler lablesl lollowlng deep lnlereeplor dralns lo rlll on sall seepages m surlaee sorls (see chapler m Emsmn lollows deloreslarlon, soll eompaelron, dramrbed sollewaler balanee llnereased overland new and nslng waler lables or sall seepagesl, overgraalug plough agoellllllle on lhe broad seale, episodes ol lugh wlnds or ralns in droughl perrods, or severe dlseurbanee eaused by anlmal hacks. roaalng, and lll—advlsed earlhworle. Insofar as landicip: design ‘ls roneemed, soll eroslon reparr ls lhe pnoruy wherever sueh eroslon oeeurs Apln lrorn lhe physleal laelorr, no desrgrler, or llallon, ean rgnole lhe eeonomle or polr leal pressures rhal rnevrlably ereale erosion by requlrlng or permrlnng rnapproprlare land use and lorelng produelron or overeploduellon on In lhe fragxle slrusrure ol soils Thnd world debl and weslern world overeproduelron are boln primary laelors in sorl eollapse ln a eonservalrve soelely, lhe very basls el land use plannlng would enmmpnss lhe soneepr ol permrlled or reslrleled use 0) solls, rarelully plolled rn reglons lollowing analyses ol slope, soll slabrluy, rn nlmal loresl elearlng lor reallureslallonl, and permllled maarmum levels ol slop produellon, or Ilvesmck denslly, lollonlng lhe procedures or good sorl husbandry lh assesslng erosron rn lhe u.l< Charles Alden£larkl and Davrd Hodges (Nrw Srmmsl 12 Feb ‘87) polnl onl lhal ~many ol lhe leeenl oulhnaks ol severe erosion are elearly lmlred lo lalllng levels ol organle maller rn lhe so lhe more organre maller lherers ln lhe soll, lhe more slable ll rs ., rhls slablllly ls Minx m gm soll slnlelule and fillnmm ol waler, whereas an rnarganre sell may break down under raln. w h lhe lollowlng rnerease in overland llow, musk soils wrll lhen erode as nlls or gullres, or lhe deslreyed surlaee ran powder and blow away wuhoul orgame mallsr lo bond ll On many delreale sorls lover ehallrsl lhe only answer rs lo replaee erops wrlh pasmre or laresls. lnlenslve arable use and wmler erupplng bolh ereale more eroslon The very radreal mndusmn ls lhal mulching green manure. grass leys on rolnlran, hedgerows, and m1nim|mluvinnn are nor only urgenr bul lrnperallve Thus, "the lime lo eaamlne lhe organis llarmrngl appluarh has passed, lhe lune lo adopl ll has arnved ~ llbrd l Al long lasl. some sslenlrsls are saylng lhal enough evrdenee ls enough, we need lo mm lo known elleellve land managernenl based on pennanerwe and organle melhods Thls wlll rake rhe romblned good wlll ollanners, selenrlsls, hummus, and rereumers 9.19 SOIL REHABILITATION Careiul gardeners lalre rare nol lo break up, olerulrn, or eompael lhelr valunbk' rolls, u g mslead ralsed beds and reeessed palhs lo avord a deslrnellon ol enllnb srrnerure lzesponsrble larrners lry lo govern lhe speed and duct or lhelr lrnplemenls m order lo pre. serve lhe soll slnlelllre. and ran gel ouue enlhuslasllr about a dark. humus—neh, erumbly soll We seldom grye rarmers llrne or money lo ereale or preserve soll. bul exped lhenr to llve on |ow rneomes lo serve a eommodlly markel, whose commflus eare llllle lor sorl, numllon, er nanoual well-being Ne rnalleren whn| subslrale we sun, we can ereale rleh and welleslruelured soil in gardens, ollen wrlh some lnpul of labour, and always as a resulr ul addmg ergame marerlal or green mauures renl rropl No mm" haw neh a soil rs, ll (an be rulned by bad ruluyauon plaellees and by expusum lo lhe elemems, wind, sun and manual raln. Worms, lerrnrres, gmbs, and burrowels more sorl erumbs I: ma. bulus or manure piles, and lhey wlll evenlually recreate loose suds it we leave lhem lo ll ln paslure am we also have olher ml; lo help relleve eornpaelron, lhey ran be erploslves, speelal lmplemenls, or met; We use lhe expalelve and explouve rnelhod rarely, perhaps lo planr a lew valuable lrees ln non—hard ground by snarrerrng People llke Masanohu Fukuoharw are more pa l and elleenye, rasllng oul slrongerooled radlsh seed ldarlron varlellesl, nee legume seed, and deep—tooled planls sueh as eomlley, lueerrle, Asasvrs, and evenmally lolesl lrees Muen lhe sarne subsurlaee shallering oeeurs, bn| slowly and nolselessly. lhe sml regarns slruemre, aerallon, and pen-nus waler rnnllaanon A measure enne ehange wrouglu by green manure-s, rnuleh, and pernlanenl windmw ls reeolded by link Vin der Werl lprmveullnre Narnhour Nrrusll-llrr, Queensland. Dee. was and Mar/Apr "3367 Workmg in Chum al tn: Agomzda Agnenhural l'lvlecl, he lepdrls on lhe rmprovemenr ol saumb slauerule by measurrng lhe hulk densrly lwelghl per volume ralro lg/eel alsoll samplerl ls given ln 1able u um u lmnmvumam m crumb Sllvelllls Soil neallnenl Bulk 3/“ Densrly Annually burnl bush l as bush leh 1 years wllhoul llre l,27 Farmlandtulhvaltd 2 years l 29 Farmland, Pcmunzntly mulehed and cropped tor a years aw ~Even wrlh eropplng lhe mulshed solls show how humus alone resleres good aeranon, snll lernperalnres were lower by IO‘C, and berth erop graln ylelds and a mere llrnes lnelease lrl organre rnalrer ploduellon were noled. 215