digging, so lhere are large machines suiled lo speeral landseape tasks Any of iheae ran be supplanted by human labour where ii is pleniilul The basie earflkmmnng aliaehmeuls are lira: - BLADE (can be uiouniad on almosl any veluele, or lowed), insludes ”v" blades erdelvers - BUCKEI‘ llor lining and loading loose maleriali, narrow and loolhed lor hard ground, nr bl speeial shapes lordrains, - BUCKET Cl-ullN llor faundahons, pipelines, narrow deep dilehes, underwaler dredging) - scoop lean be horse or bul|o:k-duwn, or ariieulaled on an hydraulie or leleseopre arrnl . KIPI'FJI “or: breaking up eoinpaeied sods), usually lowed mmrrmuumed on lraelois - DELVER iioronepass drains; olien niounied on a grader, or lowed on a (nine belund a bulldozerl - SPINNER liear-inounied on a speeial lraelorl, a [askrvzvnlvmg dise ol aboul 2-: m diameler wl|h peripheral buelrels, . BORERS AND DRILLS iholas, lenees, explosives, pipes, wells,bo'ns, and rhe lilrel - in PUMPS ([0 pump oul sill and sand in wei plaeesl As well as lhese, lhere are explosives, whirh are ol speflal use in marshes and swamps, and some specials rsed lools ior rods and swamp work, lur mines, and lor massive iunnelhng. nlllllir ml ms Two—misc» SHWEL A 54mph nor-4mm mere-a synern or drain, Barnum. and males oilr sonsern here, however, is lor lhe rommon louls ol landseaping and waler slorage ar waler ehanneling Elch has appropriaie uses, alihough mosl ean do somelhing ol whal ihe elhers do To lake lhem one ar a lime Minna The blade Einhmm'ers are ihe maehrnes lor levelling and benehiug or lerraelng, and ideally lhey should be able io liil land dropi, angle, and lili They ran be mounled fumard lbulldoeerl. in ihe eenire igraderl or al ihe roar lwheel lraerors, lor levelling) Tilied, ihe blade ean malie shallow v dilehes, or pui eiowns on roads Angled. ii spills earih \0 one side as sieering walls, or makes long shallow drains blades are ideal lor levelling house siies, lor ierraees, lor benelies on hillside, iar side-euibug roads, and lor pushing up earlh walls Even a small iraelor ll7-25 h p.i, parienlly womad, ean male very large dams and leer—aees ar less hiel eon (bul greener lime eooil lhan a bulldozer, while large bulldozers are ihe ruosl eeonomieal of lime. They ran wm‘k diiliculi, sleep, or siony siles and move very large obieels sueh as boulders, The bulldom is a blade mashine, mainly lor pushing and plan ng eareh, ii is 0! greaiesl use in ioading and lor dams, l s an eneellenr machine lo poi up, roll solid, and spread earlh, lo dig large shallow holes, move small hills, and belieh The blade Tins lor road enrwn slopes and ANGLES lor easling aside windrows oi earlh. ir also Llrls lo spread and release loads, and mops ia delve our drains and diiehes Angled blades are used in long runs lo rasl earlh our ronrmuously lo one side leaned sideeasliugl Tilied blades are used lo eui ehannels or lo beuieh slopes, and lill is used mainly [or piling up or levelling loads blades are normally lorwardrmounled lor signl and eonlrol reasons, bui on lhal special road marhrne. ihe GRADEK, lhe blade i mrdernounied lo give esen spreading and on mull [arm or wheeled rraeiois are olien rear—moonled, Some small blades roiaie aboui lneiraiiis ”50‘ swrvell The grader can be used lo makz long drains,ol shallow angle, ihese are inrsralled spoon drains, bul are elleelively more angled ihan spooned in session. Thus, lor all normal bench work, a bulldaxu is uselul, and tin long liar load or levelhng runs a grader is belier A scum: is a large, sell—lining buelrel or land dredge whieh can boih ml and emply ilsell lo plane on or dig our large areas All large maehuies ean now be laseregurded io :«utalely level and grade helds or a presei slope lasers ran also aulomaiieally work his hydraulisa lo liii and drop earlh, bul land lorming is oiaurly iesirieled io large llailish irrigalron areas or eivrl worlrs, and is normally eoniraeled oul lo speeialrsis wirh large noelunes The PM my burlre Thia machine lsomelimes called a diolil combines all lulu molions ol Iill. dig, push, and pull, and is a 243