6. TROPICS
Beaches, Islands, and Windbreaks

  
  

  
  

31. OAHU, HAWAII. 32. MAUI, HAWAII.
Profile of a stable sand beach with beach convolvulus, and casuarina. Once—stable coast eroding due to beach vegetation destruction:
This shore can withstand severe storms. "recreation“ can destroy coasts, destabilize snowtields. and erode

dunes (sand buggies).

     

A, a: k « 1 « r

33. NAITAUBA, FIJI. 33. MOLOKA‘I, HAWAII.

A hurricane has almost out this island in hall, iollowing deforestation of At the Moloka‘i Plant Research Centre tropical windbreak trials indicate
the shore—line. Atringe oi mangroves (Rhizopora) is re—stabilising the the importance of windbreaks in reducing stresses on plants and
sea edges; on low coral islands and shores. the removal of coastal animals especially on islands with salt laden winds, and consistent

vegetation can destroy the island quickly in cyclones. monsoons and trades.

 

1 36. CHITWAN,
’5 NEPAL
Traditional low Eu-
phurbia hedge provides
windbreak, a habitat for
spiders. a section oi ..
bamboo, and demarcates ’
a cattle lane-way irom
mustard crop; Eu—
pharbia ant/quorum is
often so used, and E.
tiruca/li' in Botswana; all
need goggles when
cuttings are taken to
prevent eye injury from
the milky sap.

 

35. MOLOKA‘I, HAWAII,

A "liveset" (cuttings) hedge oi Erythn‘na (”Willi—Willi“) and Danna grass
(Pennisetum) shelters crop against coastal winds; the grass is cut for
mulch, and can later be removed as the Erythrina bushes out;
Casuarina. Leucaena, or Grevillea is often used as permanent
hedgerow,