planningand hinrre land rodrsenhulron Than- are slvw m in preaenr gayernnrenr enrles Io rnrnlure some sanily inns lite and landseape. as llrlre agrlmlluxr) governmenl musr (hange inwards an environmenrauy imnld polrry. 108 ELEMENTS OF A VILLAGE COMPLEX IN THE HUMID TROPICS bared on rraduianal and mude villages, a eomplei ran bebuill lrorn rhe lollowing eherlrlrsl - A wellrarnnged array or housing, alren grouped around a eompound - The eurnponnd has praressmg and siorage areas, rhreshrng lloors, danemg areas. meenng house, moperarive or rerarl slore, bulk luel depors, hewood and mulch depoe. - A well, piped waler. ranks, a! darn muss be SIM and rnregrared for elnn warer ldepends an loral slrills, raaourees, warer available, and she shamrorislirsi. - A plan nursery m sene gardens and (arosr. - M earn house, 025m ha nl home garden and orehard, based on sell_.elianre - A| borders ul gardens, ranges lor dameslre species. e.g. rhirlrens, guinea pigs. duels, rabblls. small pigs. pigeons, lhese are a manure resourre lnr rhe home garden - in areas ol plenmul malcr, lrsh ponds over whrelr some animals are housed . Senor or zone ol luelwood planlauon, polenlrally inregraled with wmdbrealr - A strong yard and sheds (or ram. and pigs al a mmrnenial Iml. - A earehrl znmnun ol neepolyrulrureas per name in :9, - Speeral larrlihes sum as a lagsrnrnming or beak building area, llsh Ml drying racks, canoe ar small boar landing whanl, neem, solar pond insrallalron, powcr house, large eommumry drying shed, rrah work areas, and yehrele or dranghr-anrmal park area, 10.9 EVOLVING A POLYCULTURE ll, as rs ollcn lhe case. we srarr lo r-vnlyr a permae enlnrre on grasslands or eornpaered soils, rhen lhe very hm slep is in rhorouphly plan lhe sire. and rip, awale, pil, or dam every area ro be planred, rhus ensuring maximum wed—season soil wikv slorage ro earry (we! ro dry perrodr,1'hrs process should rommenee ar rhe highesl poim at "up properry, and alumni lhe house or village sr e. an lheselmned soils and m mulehed swales, a flux oi rree legumes, l . bananas, papayar. arrowroor (Carma), easaava. sweer poralo, and eomrrey an be to» planted There shmlld be one sueh plane every l4 5 rn, wrrh Amie II a x 3 rn spaalng. banana ar 2 x 2 m, lnnls 5 x i m, palms lo x lo rn,nnd rhesrnallerspeeres asgap lrllers As well, all larger plannng holes should be seeded wnh nasrnmurn, nalrrlras, llarla elover, broad bean (lava), buelrwhear, Umbrlli/rmz (dlll. lennel), lupin, vereh (hairy m woolly), dun peas, ehrhes, pigeon pea. or any useful mamas mix .wmlabk and snnable bu elimaie and landscape The and aim is so eomplerely earper and oyershads lire ground rn lhe lirsr lino mnnrhs ol growrh. ideally, dense planrings or rhis iype should be grass or hay mulehed, usrng monsoon grasses swamp grasses, and laier rhe rops ol arrowroor, comirey, banana, Arms, and green snip larar roll, shade—loving speoes sueh as rule. and dry raro can he plaeed rn any open spars Parhs los am, openings tor annual erop, bee planis on ihe edges, llawers, and flm—lrslslam -wei- ground {oven sueh as eomlrey, Tradasrrmm, lrnmlrrrri. and sumileurs ran beplaeed as rirne goes on, whll: are lruii rrees are bepr nee of pass and rnulehed by euinng our enywded Aeneia and banana as mulrh lr ls larbener tv mpy a quaner hmare ihnrnughly man In seaner nees awr 1 ha as produeuun 's higher and mxmm less, moishue is conserved, and lrusr eaeluded. As lar spades richness, or speqes per hreiare, ihis an be vny (omplex and dense near the village or home, and simplify ro wtlHeslnd spears nl high yields as drsranae horn rhe home increases. Any lrellrs crop should be hrsl plaeed |u shade ihe home, Iivrsmck, or lo nuke lenees and only laler plaeed ml Arum mother legumes as they age The number of produenve, managed and etleduvelyrharvested speeies m a polyeullure is deeided bya mmplex plurase raenns; I. 11!: number ol people responsrble lor nranagrng one or rwn omen mp: or animal sperms llabourl. 2. The pmximlly oi ihe eomplex |u vrllage or serrlemenr (arming) a The ninth: cushhenem balanee on rnrreasrng rnpurs in ophmunl levels tfiml «ononrresl l. we need lor elleedve plani guilds lnannonrous aeologial assemblies) 5. The melhod ol nurkulng and proerssing lwheiher lhese ran rope wnh enmplex pmdum. s The roral area whreh rs eonrrolled larger areas dernand muzzsmg simplieuy. ar a rosl m laclor A abuve 7 The rnalnnry or siage ol evoluunn 0| rhe piani sysrem, older sysrems provide more nrelres, younger syslmu more regular proouei ln praenee, lhe gardens, walls, mo! areas, lrellis svsleins, and eornpoonds or villages are ihe mosr eom- plex and rleh areas ol eulrrvaied sperles We ean rnanage, and (and uses iorsame zmspeeies in sneh silurlions, ol whieh lhe [allowing usage elaases are donunanl borne very uselul speeies lail inlo a or more 179