memex/0_inbox/books/PDM/Bill Mollison - Permaculture A Designer's Manual text/472.txt

do railed glasshouses whieh aer as iishing shacks.
These ean be lowed ashore in spring or used lo grew
suberopie waler olanls in lhe shallows

lee, ireren inside insolaled boxes in winler, and
stared insulaled irom lhe ground, will lasi lor a
summer in very shaded plaees, and iorrn an ieebor
slore lor summer use Thick slraw or sawdusl lids
preserve underground ire inr summer, Uninruialed iee
pun inlo whieli winler snow was paeired and lhen
earlhed over, were lhe basis oi ehiiled drinks in lhis
lype oi elimale beiore ism. and beioie ilie advenl oi
medianicnl or evaporariye ieirigeralors

ICE
neplli is lhe mlioai iaslor in eold waleis, espesially in
soiiporids ll ponds beere lo I5 sin—aorm (bezoinrhes),
inen ihai depih of waver is unavailable in winler ior
house use, so lhal where and areas rnusi ealeuiale
depih oi slorage on evaporarion, ooid areas musi
eaieulaie lhe amounl "Ins!" by winier liming. Freezing
expands waler, so lhai slorages need be left unniied,
slwded, or open—lapped lo rope wilh expanding
ire irigure um.

Smularly, pipes musi be buried rol inelie lo prevenl
bursting, or allowed io lrioide eonliriuonsly al hall I
Iday ror domeslie use, lhere is no snbsiiiule rbr
plaeing lhe waler slorage williiri lhe house rellar
seniebiie, as n well or eislem below floor level the
same is eiue oi waler dined in barns classiiouses and
houses boiii can use ihis waler as a heal sioie wilh gieal
gains in eilirieney. ire, like ploughs. may produce a
plough—sol or haidpan by pressure on soils due ro ire
weiglil Weighi is lhe iarlor iliai mosl dllklulmhs lhe
snow and lee which aeeumulalas liom inmn waler

ire is, like glass and waler, a iranspareni mlraeiing
medium suilable ler lens eonsiruaian, so lhal very rold
areas can runslruel yery elieap ice lenses ior solar
energy runeeiilraiors lee lenses poured as waler in
moulds an be iumed mil cheaply, and foam lodiied
heal lei slorapes or machines during dayl ghl hours
Componenls oi eornpleir lenses ean be glued wilh waler
irigoie lull

As ireean be moulded in any shape lhai waier ran he
poured, and remioreemeiil as bars or libres added lo
lhe mould, a greal vanery oi userul ise almds ean be
made, or lee so moulded around axles ran be lowed in
summer sioragisasan ise buggy lriguse lusl

Snow is a handy lorin oi preopiiaoon, as ii is more
durable in Iandsaye lhan iausi or rain, ihns easier lo
slore, Compared, ii sloies as a solid, and enduies indie
riian one season As a send—solid, il ean be slmed ihree
dunensioriaiiy, eauglli and heaped an lenoes arid planl
barriers These ran be lenses or hedgerows. or one
replacing llie olher over li e, The varielres oi
eaiehmerir aie obviou- irom sludying lhe way lrees
siore snow. Some snow is siored as sheeis, nlhers as
dumps or drills, Thus, snow driving amiss landsrape
om be direeled iii heap in mounds ior nielldowri inlo
surh sloi—agesas swabs or eisrei-ns in spring

 

 

“B

When ii snows, lhe wealher is rold, bul snow bolli
insulales and reiieeis, lhus ednh seulpluriug around
eilner (he lac-II landseape, dwellings, or dnils ran
pioduie veneered heal oi garoi inleiisily isunglassas are
mquimd in all reileelive landseapes: while beaches,
quimnfi, slili waieis, hayiields, and snow iieldsi.

lusl as we can build mnczfl bowls, dieuses, arenas,
and ioeusing dishes, so we ean build earlh srruauies
whieh snow ooveis lo give wmler heal coneeniraeion. in
summer, ihese suriares ean be oi while gravel or sand
or elay, bul in winier snow is belles 50, hausfi buill in
earlhiormed ieiledois, or lhal are lhemselyes Rumors.
can use snow iorlieal and insulaiion irigure lwl.

lzelleeled arid mnclmxaled iighl, even ior shori
periods, gives iniense heal whirl. ran be slnred as iiiil
waver, molien meiai, sleamhealad earih, or healed sail
solul-ions

shiow
Curiously, snow is almosl a ”blicll body" lor fldlflunn,
losing heal rapidly wilh radiaiion values oi iiom om
io um idirly snowl. Thus, snow eools very rapidly M
iughi, arid ihin snow raver chills soil lo are below air
lemperahire, Snow iliiolier llian I5 rm, however, ads as
an insulalor ior soils, buildings. and permainisi. As inr
reilerrion or albedo lziws ior muddy slu<h, rinse lo
im lor iresli dry snowl, is ii mosl eileeiiye al lhe low
sun angles oi dawn, evening, and winier Kadnlmn
ilighll peneeraies snow “LIE em, when midi oi ii is
absorbed by lhe wales in lhe snow mass, bul in lhe
hollow iee cryslals oi hmrth. and in dry anuw, lighl
peneirales m abeou em. Abmn 3w iii uuigriing
radiaiion is as beal ilong wavelenplhl. bul lhe snow
iisell is eninpleiely non-lranspareni lo inooming longs
wave radialion, so lhal meliing moie commonly oreurs
irom below due io earlh isoill heel ii is lliis basal
rneliing lhal causes poor snow—mass roliesion, and lhal
may li-igger snow deep or avalanche

AVALANCHE AND sNow INSTABILITY
oil slaps oi mnie lhan 5‘ and in ibe valleys ni seeep
loolhilis, wherever snow builds up id is em or more in
deolh, lhere is a irslr oiavalenehe. Snow wrli avaianrlie
whereier (he erusl is biolien by siiong winds imore
lhan IS-IS km/see, sudden lrreae is lullnwzd by
lliaw. warm winds eause snowmen, or normal spring
ihaw nerurs The salumiinn iii deeper unslable snow
layers by meliwaler over layers oi bur-red hoarinisl. or
overlying lbs or earlh layers, weaieii ine whole snow
mass unhl slides (in mi Al lhis erilioally unsiable
poini, s gunshoi. lhe collapse iii a snow eornier
loverhangl or a sbong wind ran nigger an avalanshe,
as an a skier anieiope, or nbbil

Avalanehes pieli up or lrigger oii lhe movemeni oi
even more malerial as snow, mud. boulder and slay, or
yegdalion. Evul so, ii is less lhe mass ilseli ihan lhe
high—pressure air wave whieh presides, and advarwes
beyond, lhe ayalanehe isomenrnes earrying on up ilie