memex/0_inbox/books/PDM/Bill Mollison - Permaculture A Designer's Manual text/560.txt

sranding is a public an, and relsrs ru rhe cornruiiniiy as
a whole However, unlike simple baner. a rnernbsr in
eredrl can spend over rho whole range ol serviees or
goods ollered

I’mdnmon, as on» spsnl by members in semen in
urhers, is ihus never lrniiled by rhe lack ol money.
Busxnmfi can charge lederal currency lor spare pares.
and green dollars lbr labour Price is agreed upon by
ihe individuals, and reporled in lo his in come. by
Ihe consumer. ”Foray!" goods are rhus more
expensive, and losal eomporienls increase, loeal
businesses lhrrue charilies and local larms benerrr
grearly, as rhai-uy donors can see iheir lunds as likely ro
renrrn ro rhem Anyune who warus work can oller
services, lhey need nor wail lor "yobs" As only
members can rrade wirli earh nrher, ihe eommunriy
aesoonr is or all runes balanred in ellesr, any member
lby working or sellingl issues iherr own currency, and
could rsrurn any rorurnoriiry ro lull employmenl An
ideal member has many naroaciionsi bui amimulares
modesl debirs and credirs see under Resources or ihe
erid nl ihis chapler lbr dddnsws

Finally, ihe rnlorrnal economy includes purely
volonreer labour, exchanges irl gins, and mkmg
respons ry lor a serum communiry propel or area
For examylc, convivial fleephmm‘ on eorrirnuniry
common area. Muld be a pm ol every household-s
responsibrlures This may well he arhreued by rlie
"Idophun" or a low aeres u! eornrnuriuy loresr by a
household orher communrry pmjefls can be helped
along by vnlunleer ehoris. grlis ol malerials and glfls
ol lime as advisers or enlerrarners

 

 

THE FORMAL ECONOMY
~ronual" nieans lhar goods or services are conduered
uridera legal umbrella, and are regulered by acrounirng
procedures Exchange can sirll ralre plaee. hm ii is
mauled [in in rerms or srocls or sen-ices. Such lormal
economies are neeessary where people lrnariagersl are
lar a group ol members or inveslors, and um ylut lor
rhernselves or lheir households Legal procedures rnnsl
also be lollowud by sellernployed people or larnrly
businesses, where cash is reeeived lor goods or servers
rendered urwfizrld publicly

A earninunriy may have ex leasl lhese lormal
snusrures-

- Coopeianves

. Communrry savings and loans

r small businesses servicv omee

- lnvesunenr iirndslrrrspesial proieers

- Lusmg company or sysvem

r lives
A eooperanve is a group bl people «ding rogelher lur
rhe benelir or members ll is a legal enrily wuh llmrred
liabilily, and perpernal suceessrrin lno dlwluhon lbr
individual garnl, lr has several printiples:

- Open membership (open lo all who an make use
ol rlie services and will aesepl lhe responsibilriies ol

536

rasrnbershipl

. DelemuL' orpinisirion lrnernbers panrcipaie in
decisions allecrinp rlie ciiopsrariee, wulr allaris id be
adminislered by people eleded by rhe members),

- srrierly limired mleresr cin shore eapual llair bur
lrmrled award lnr rapiial and resrrrcred innuenes oi
people holding share capilall.

- Surplus or savings our ol ihe aperariun ol rlie
conperarive belong or members lwrrh members is
deride on ihe use or rho surplus, whelher ro develop
ilie business, in pmvldh‘ summon servrees lor mmbersr
and/er ro disrnbule among members aeeording lo rhe
degrwol Invoh’emrm m lhe eoeperalirel

- Edmrmun ieooperaness should provide tdumhnn
lor menihers, omerrs. employees, and lhe Public on
principles and reeliniques 0f<mpcnhnnL

- Coopernoon belween eooperarrves lensnurages ilie
develnprnsnr or more sooperauursi

The worlrersoopsrarive moved around Moridragsnr.
in rhe Bavque region olSpain, are wonhy ol runs in
less lhan m Venn «n Wivrkokwperahv employing
moo workrrrmL-mbcfi, haw emerged Each person o
n>qulmd io invesl abour ssma when Mums. This ran
be borrowed horn |hc bank or obrauied by rnsrallrrwrils
dcdudnd lrom wagfi aver a lwwvflr period 0! ihia
imresiineni, m is a reinli-ibulion rn rnlleclriely owned
lunds. and m is lor ihr purchist ol an individual
shareholding or raprlal .wciiiini Much is normally um
drawn upon by rlir worker snap! on reoremeur, denlh,
in in cases or errrenie hardshipl ln lliis way, a (0—0};
ran parr Hy lurid rrsell, wilh generous help lrom lliie
roeperauve bank.

The Mondragiin nope-relives have several lezlum

1 IN} ol rhe prolirs musi he relurned lo lhe
cemmunrry lnr publrr services we or rhs prollrs are
held as capual reserves. and 70'7- are disrribuied lo
workers, alihough nor all bl lhrs is available lor
w drawal mm! a worleer leaves lhe eooperauve, ar
w ch pflinl all at ilielr financial inreresr in lhe business
musl be wuhdrawn lhe warker is, in elleel, "loinlng'
ihe eooperarive lhe money, and sorecs-ives inreresr,

1 A eooperaliiely run bank ore-sees ihe luneuorurg
a! all new cooperalrv-es in rhe group, linanees new
eooperanves lup in 90%), and ollers Expefl manag-
rnenlslnlis.

J No redundancies in «he :wperanvesr—wmkels
are relrained and new yobs lourid in oiher expanding
cooperaiive groups.

1. The raoo ol lhe lowcsi ro rlie hrghesi paid person
is never grealer rhanl 5

5, An annual meeiing 01 all workers in a pardcolar
enrerprise eleels borh direerurs irnanagersl ro run lhe
business arid a social council lunroril lo uegbriale wth
dimrms on wnrk eondulons, WV, educarion, ere The
mung observes lhe principle oronr worker, one yore.

5 Each (oopennh'e averages abbul 2110—300
workeraiwners, large numbers besorrie roo impersonal,
and large cuupzrallves are drvided inro smaller
independsni unils.

7. The crunmuririy has moperaisue schools, hospihlli