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411 lines
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<title>The Ontological Causes of the Lorentz Distortions</title>
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<meta name="author" content="Amr Gharbeia">
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><font color="#993366"><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>T<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" name="TtsOtkCLStr_02" align="right" hspace="5" width="300" height="29" border="0">he
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Ontological Causes of the Lorentz Distortions.</b></font></font>
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Lorentz explained the negative result of the Michelson-Morley
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experiment by distortions in material objects caused by their motion
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through absolute space, and his own research focused on explaining
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those distortions as an interaction between material objects and the
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luminiferous ether according to his electron theory of matter, a
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theory that is now known to be false. He could have simply assumed
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the Lorentz distortions as basic laws of physics, as we have thus
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far, but we will travel once again in Lorentz's footsteps by
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considering a deeper explanation of his distortions, an ontological
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theory that makes use of our assumption that there is an inherent
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motion in space and which uses certain assumptions about the nature
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of material objects that will not be defended until we explain the
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truth of quantum mechanics ontologically. </font></font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">By
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contrast to Einstein's elegant mathematical derivation of the Lorentz
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transformation equations from the assumption that inertial frames are
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all empirically equivalent, Lorentz's Newtonian theory seemed merely
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to be tinkering with classical physics in an ad hoc manner. First, he
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recognized the length contraction, and then a few years later, a time
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dilation. And to extend his argument to explain why dynamic phenomena
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do not reveal absolute rest or motion, two more distortions would
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need to be recognized (an increase in mass and a flattening of force
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fields). </font></font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">The
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Lorentz distortions are, however, neither arbitrary nor contrived. In
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fact, there is a certain necessity about them, as I will try to
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demonstrate by showing how they follow from what is known about the
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nature of material objects (or rather from the spatiomaterialist
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ontological explanation of what is known about them) together with
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our assumption that space is the medium of light transmission (with
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the velocity of light manifesting an inherent motion in space). </font></font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">It
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is now known that material objects are constituted by electromagnetic
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interactions among its constituent parts, and the assumption that is
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required in order to explain the truth of quantum mechanics
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ontologically is that those electromagnetic interactions have a
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unit-like nature (or a “quantum” nature, as it is called). </font></font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Atoms, for
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example, are made of a nucleus of protons and neutrons which
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interacts by electric and magnetic forces with a number of electrons
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that is normally equal to the number of protons. It is a stable
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configuration, because the nature of those electromagnetic
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interactions between the nucleus and the electrons is such that the
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potential energy cannot be lower (that is, no more of their rest
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masses can be converted to kinetic energy or other forms of matter).
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That is contrary to what is expected according to the laws of
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classical physics. They imply that electrons would quickly spiral
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into the nucleus, radiating all their energy away as electromagnetic
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waves. But that does not happen, and the attempt to explain why not
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led to the discovery of quantum mechanics. The structure of the atom
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was one of the first discoveries. </font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">On the
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ontological explanation of quantum mechanics defended in <font face="Arial, sans-serif">Quantum
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Mechanics, </font>there is a unit-like, or quantum, nature to
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electromagnetic interactions. Interactions cannot take place unless
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they involve a certain minimum quantity of action. Thus, the energy
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level of electrons bound to a nucleus in an atom can change only in a
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step-like way, each involving a whole quantum of action in which the
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energy is carried away by a photon, the units of which
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electromagnetic waves are composed , according to quantum mechanics.
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And there is a minimum energy level for electrons in atoms, because
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in that state, as we shall assume, such electrons are bound to the
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nucleus by the smallest electromagnetic interaction possible. </font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The details
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about the unit-like nature of these quantum electromagnetic
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interactions will be discussed later. (See <font color="#0000ff"><u><a href="/F:/Philosophy/Existentialism/The%20Wholeness%20Of%20the%20World/www.twow.net/Lo/L/LoOtkCaLdQmLorentzDist.htm" target="Lo"><font face="Arial, sans-serif">Change:
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Quantum mechanics</font></a></u></font>.) What is relevant here is
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that material objects generally are constituted by such unit-like
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electromagnetic interactions among simpler material objects with
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electric charges. Not only atoms, but also molecules, crystals, and
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other complex structures composed of atoms depend on electromagnetic
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bonds among electrically charged parts that exhibit this quantum
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nature. </font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Material
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objects are composed of many such quantum electromagnetic
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interactions. They give the material object its structure as a whole,
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because all these quantum events not only coincide with space in a
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consistent geometrical pattern, but also fit together in time. Any
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given material object can interact with more than one other material
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object at a time, and since the quantum interactions are
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synchronized, the effects of different interactions of the object can
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be repeated regularly in the same way, cycle after cycle,
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constituting a structure that does not change over time. </font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">We
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are assuming that space is the medium of light transmission, and
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since light is constituted electric and magnetic forces coupled
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according to Maxwell's laws, space must also mediate the exertion of
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such forces. Our working hypothesis is that space has an inherent
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motion by which it mediates light transmission, and thus, if electric
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and magnetic forces are exerted across space as time passed by way of
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an inherent motion in space, the electromagnetic interactions
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involved in the constitution of material objects will inevitably be
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affected by the object's motion through space as a whole. And the way
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that they are affected, given this ontological explanation of their
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quantum nature, explains the Lorentz distortions. </font></font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Whatever is
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going on in the quantum interactions constituting material objects,
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it involves the exertion of electric and magnetic forces, and any
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such <i>inter</i>-action requires photons traveling both ways between
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them. But since we have assumed that the motion of photons depends on
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the inherent motion in space, the material object as a whole will
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inevitably be affected by its motion across space, because it will
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change the effective velocity at which those forces are exerted.</font></font></p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">I will
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assume that in each unit-like electromagnetic interaction, say,
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between the nucleus of an atom and one of its electrons, a photon
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travels, first, one way between the objects and, then, back the other
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way between them before a single quantum interaction is completed.
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(Indeed, the interaction may involve symmetrical two-way trips of
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photons, one starting from both of the objects involved in the
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interaction.) Such two-way trips are necessary, because quantum
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interactions occur only as a whole, if they occur at all. Never is
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one of the objects changed while the other is not. Since the objects
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are separated from one another in space, the only way that one of the
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objects can change when, and only when, the other object also changes
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is by something traveling both ways across space between them in the
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period of time that it take to complete the unit-like action. Nothing
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less is ontologically possible, if there are such unit-like
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electromagnetic interactions. </font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The
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material object’s motion across space will not make much difference
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as long as its velocity is small compared to the velocity of light.
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In fact, the velocity of light (that is, the inherent motion in
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space) is so enormous that the effect on most ordinary material
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objects is undetectable. Nevertheless, since material objects subject
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to appropriate forces will continue to accelerate, they can acquire
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velocities approaching that of light, and the objects will be
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affected by the change in the one-way velocities of light. There are
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four effects, and I will describe them qualitatively here, since an
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ontological explanation is meant to identify the aspects of the
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substances to which physical laws correspond. Their quantitative
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aspects would clearly be the same as the Lorentz distortions. </font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><font face="Verdana, sans-serif">Slowing
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down of quantum interactions. </font>The first and most obvious
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effect of high absolute velocity in space is a slowing down of all
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the quantum electromagnetic interactions constituting the material
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object, so that all processes take place more slowly. </font></font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Slowing
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down is inevitable, because in each unit-like interaction, the
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photons being exchanged must travel not only the distance between the
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parts with electric changes, but also all the distance covered by the
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material object as a whole in the time it take to complete the
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unit-like interaction. </font></font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Suppose,
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for example, that one of the electromagnetic interactions
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constituting an atom is oriented perpendicularly to the direction of
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the atom's motion through space. In order to complete the
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interaction, a photon must travel from the nucleus to the electron
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and then back again in the period of a single unit of interaction.
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But all the time that the photon is traveling, the atom as a whole is
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also moving across space, and thus, in keeping up with the atom, the
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photon will have to travel farther that in it would at rest. Since
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its velocity is due to the inherent motion in space, the photon
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cannot speed up, and so it will take longer to complete the two-way
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trip between the nucleus and electron. Unit-like electromagnetic
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interactions will take longer to complete on a moving atom than they
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would at rest. And since this is true of all the unit-like
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electromagnetic interactions constituting material objects, all
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physical processes involved will be slowed down at the same rate as a
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function of their absolute motion. (The quantitative description of
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this effect of absolute velocity is given in the discussion of the
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<font color="#0000ff"><u><a href="/F:/Philosophy/Existentialism/The%20Wholeness%20Of%20the%20World/www.twow.net/ObjText/OtkCaLbStrC.htm" target="Objects"><font face="Arial, sans-serif">Lorentz
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Distortions</font></a></u></font>.)</font></font></font></p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><font face="Verdana, sans-serif">Longitudinal
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shrinking of quantum interactions. </font>A less obvious, but no less
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necessary, effect of high velocity motion across space is a shrinking
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of the size of quantum electromagnetic interactions in the direction
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of absolute motion. </font></font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">The
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two-way trip of an electromagnetic interaction in the direction of
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motion will be slowed down just as much as such a unit like
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interaction in the direction transverse to motion described above,
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because once again, the photon will have to cover all the extra
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distance across space that the material object as a whole covers
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during the period required to go both ways. Thus, the longitudinal
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quantum interactions will be synchronized with the transverse quantum
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interactions. But a further distortion of the quantum interaction is
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required in the direction of motion, because in order to remain
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synchronized with the transverse quantum interaction, the photon must
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travel a shorter distance. </font></font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">The
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additional effect comes from the asymmetry of the two-way trip of the
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photon in the longitudinal quantum interaction constituting a
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material object, such as an atom. Unlike the transverse quantum
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event, the motion of the material object as a whole makes the
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effective velocity of light different in each direction. When the
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photon is traveling from the nucleus to the electron in the same
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direction across space as the atom itself, it has a lower velocity
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relative to the atom than it would at rest, because the other object
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is moving away from it all the time it travels. And then, on the
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return leg of its two-way trip, the photon is traveling in the
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opposite direction, and that makes its velocity relative to the atom
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higher, because its destination is moving toward it. The problem is
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that, even though the distance between the nucleus and the electron
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is the same both ways, the velocity of the photon is different, and
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thus, it cannot complete the two way trip in time to be synchronized
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with transverse quantum events -- unless the distance is shortened.
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The effect on the total time of travel depends on how long the photon
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spends traveling at each velocity, and since it spends more time
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traveling slower than the velocity of light relative to the atom on
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the forward leg than it does traveling the same distance faster than
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the velocity of light on the return leg, its completion of the two
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way trip would be delayed -- unless the distance between the electron
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and the nucleus were less than it would be at absolute rest. </font></font></font>
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</p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">This effect
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can also be seen from the point of view of absolute space. The photon
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traveling in the direction of motion has farther to go to reach its
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destination than in the opposite direction, because in the forward
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direction, its destination is moving away from it and in the backward
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direction its destination is moving toward it. Though the effects of
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the two legs are in opposite directions, they do not cancel out,
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because the photon spends more time chasing destinations that are
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retreating than it does traveling toward destinations that are
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approaching it. It cannot make up on the return leg all the time it
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loses on the forward leg. (The quantitative description of this
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effect of absolute velocity is given in the <font face="Arial, sans-serif">Lorentz
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Distortions</font>.)</font></font></p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">The
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first two distortions in material objects with a high velocity are
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what must happen, if material objects are constituted by
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synchronized, unit-like electromagnetic interactions and the
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propagation of electric and magnetic forces is due to an inherent
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motion in space. But two further changes in material objects are
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required in order for them to interact in the ways described by the
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basic laws of physics, one affecting the masses of the objects
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involved and the other affecting the forces they exert. They too can
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be explained ontologically, given the the various forms of matter
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that we have already postulated in order to explain the laws of
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classical physics.</font></font></font></p>
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<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><font face="Verdana, sans-serif">Increase
|
||
in mass. </font>Quantum electromagnetic interactions involve the
|
||
exertion of forces, as if the objects involved were accelerating one
|
||
another in some way, and in order for forces to have the same effects
|
||
on material objects with high velocity as they do on material objects
|
||
at absolute rest, a further change is necessary, because the same
|
||
interaction takes longer to be completed when the material object is
|
||
moving across space at a high velocity. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Consider
|
||
a quantum interaction in the transverse direction constituting a
|
||
material object, such as an atom. The transverse distance between the
|
||
two objects is not changed, but the time required for the interaction
|
||
to take place is longer. The only way that it is possible for an
|
||
unchanged force to accelerate an object more slowly is when the mass
|
||
of the object is greater. Newton’s second law holds that the force
|
||
is equal to the mass times the acceleration, and since the
|
||
acceleration is lower, the mass must be greater by at the same rate. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Thus,
|
||
we assume that the increase in the period of the unit-like
|
||
electromagnetic interactions is accompanied by a similar increase in
|
||
the masses of the objects from what their masses are at rest. And
|
||
since all the quantum interactions among all the parts of the
|
||
material object in motion are slowed down, the (rest) masses of all
|
||
the parts increase accordingly, and thus, the (rest) mass of the
|
||
material object as a whole increases at the same rate. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The
|
||
increase in the mass of the moving material object can be explained,
|
||
on our ontological explanation of the basic laws of classical
|
||
physics, as simply the kinetic energy it acquires by its motion.
|
||
Kinetic energy is one of the forms of matter, and since the quantity
|
||
of matter determines its mass, the kinetic matter required to have a
|
||
high velocity in absolute space can explain the increase in its mass.
|
||
</font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The
|
||
quantitative aspects of this explanation depends on the theory of
|
||
kinetic matter in <font color="#0000ff"><u><a href="/F:/Philosophy/Existentialism/The%20Wholeness%20Of%20the%20World/www.twow.net/Lo/L/LoOtkCaLdQmRelMass.htm" target="Lo"><font face="Arial, sans-serif">Change:
|
||
Quantum mechanics</font></a></u></font>. But we can already see, in
|
||
principle, how its mass could increase to infinity as the material
|
||
object approaches the velocity of light. In order to increase the
|
||
velocity of the material object, each bit of kinetic matter as well
|
||
as each bit of rest mass must be accelerated, that is, given
|
||
additional kinetic matter, and thus, the amount of kinetic matter
|
||
required to increase it at higher velocities depends on how much
|
||
kinetic matter it already has. The limit is the velocity of light
|
||
because of how the units of kinetic matter involve the velocity of
|
||
light. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><font face="Verdana, sans-serif">Longitudinal
|
||
decrease in electric field. </font>Though all quantum interactions
|
||
suffer a time dilation and increase in mass, quantum interactions in
|
||
the direction of motion suffer an additional distortion, which
|
||
shrinks the lengths of the material objects they constitute. What
|
||
remains to be noticed here is that such a shrinkage in the length of
|
||
the moving material object also involves a change in the shape of the
|
||
electric force fields exerted by charged objects. Instead of being
|
||
spherical, they are flattened out in the direction of motion.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">The
|
||
electric force field is, we are assuming, a form of electromagnetic
|
||
matter that is spread out around the center of mass of the object
|
||
with a electric charge. It is what is responsible for the electric
|
||
force that the nucleus, say, exerts on its electrons. But as we have
|
||
seen, the forces exerted by way of such an electric field can act
|
||
only over a shorter distance, and that requires us to hold that the
|
||
electric field itself is shorter in the direction of motion than it
|
||
is in the transverse direction. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Though
|
||
the electric field is a form of matter according to this ontological
|
||
explanation, it is not just matter being dragged along by the center
|
||
of mass with the charge. The electric field is shortened both in
|
||
front of the electric charge and behind by the same amount (with the
|
||
transverse distance unchanged). Since that shortening is the result
|
||
of having to complete a two-way trip with different one-way
|
||
velocities of light, that suggests that the matter making up the
|
||
electric field itself must be explained as a cyclic, unit-like change
|
||
when we take up the ontological explanation of the basic particles
|
||
(the simplest bits of matter with rest mass). </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Let
|
||
us assume, therefore, that the essential nature of matter making up a
|
||
spatiomaterial world like ours is such that material objects in
|
||
motion suffer these four kinds of changes, or “distortions” from
|
||
what they are like at absolute rest, as a result of motion through a
|
||
substantival space in which an inherent motion is responsible for the
|
||
exertion of electric and magnetic forces. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Let
|
||
me emphasize that the foregoing explanation of the four distortions
|
||
is intended only to show how the four Lorentz distortions in moving
|
||
material objects are not mere ad hoc contrivances for patching up a
|
||
hole in Newtonian physics, but fit comfortably into this ontological
|
||
explanation of the truth of physics, including its explanation of
|
||
quantum mechanics. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Such
|
||
an explanation of the four distortions is not required, however, to
|
||
meet the challenge of showing that it is possible for
|
||
spatiomaterialism to explain the truth of Einstein’s special theory
|
||
of relativity. It would be enough simply to assume the Lorentz
|
||
distortions as part of the basic nature of matter, as if they were
|
||
basic laws of physics. Hence, doubts about the ontological
|
||
assumptions I have made about the nature of material objects to
|
||
explain the Lorentz distortions should not cast doubt on the capacity
|
||
of spatiomaterialism, in general, to explain the truth of Einstein’s
|
||
special theory of relativity.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
</body>
|
||
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