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he.“ is iairiy rapidly radiated lmm s s or soil
suriaees ripes buried in hoi solid mam have heai
edndueied io iheu eonienis, or hm waier pipes eonduei
heal io slali noors which ihey are hurled, sueh
heating is mosi efiieieni in homes.
lniense hear irapped in solids and liquids is
RADIATED, whieh is “12th iiarismiired across spaee
by the sun Radiani hearers sneer air iemperarure yery
lime, bur iadiaiiou heais oiher solids and liquids (lik!
our bodies) or dust in ihe air. Thus, we (in keep Vlry
warm eyen in a dnughfiy or cool room by ihe use ol
radiahi eleeirie, gnsr re, or wood-huted mas
sioye rhese are very em eni spaee hearers As
radiarion (M space, and is uoridireeiiorial, loeused
iadiaiion sari produee very iniense heai loeally.
"MINE 5.12
YHERMM. BELT
l Amldslwl. mudvlllznm suiieuiu omens am Muxlnnr human:
side oi ihe hills aserniiiair wld. law miimaiion and soil wry
urn-rein spouts
PLANTS A5 HEATEIG
Mosi or all Arum lilies, and species sueh as Phllo-
dendron selluum siose lais whieh are "burm io ereaie
hul, so ihai ihe flowers hut up Pnllodendmns may
iegisier IbC UIS'F! when ihe air is 4-c m-rl, and
ooeuses heal up io :51 mm above ihe amblem air
iemperaiure The warrriih glnmaled is probably used to
aiiraei llies and hakiuklng inseeis lo ihe pollen.
Some planis {skunk cabbage, synplordrpns faculties),
however, may use iheir heal io meli a hole in ihe
spring snow, and so pioieei ihe blooms horn eold [at
2mm nods-n enrra heail as well as so pmide a
rosy ineuuaior lor ihe resi ol the phms gmwm (New
Sereniisi, 9 May 85) and lo seaiier odoious seems ihai
airraei polllmung nies More maxingly, ihe shape 0!
ihe iirsi leaf el ihis speeies eieaies a Vunex lhom windl
ihai is eoniainrd wimm ihe Mr leal and carries pollen
down in she unpolliriaied lower newers, ihus achieving
leriilisaiion, in cold wrrids, wuhour ihe presenee 0!
m!
As an mess 'hulen“ may have unpleasani smells, we
should use ihrrn wnh cannon, Undeisiorey dumps or
sueh speeies may assisi lrosi-iender, flyrpollimkd, or
hen—starved planis. hisi as «all inierplani sysienis may
assrsi general heal iequiieirienis lor some gmund crops.
RADIATION mu czmleoN or seen
the elieei oi soil ierriperahiies alone on gmninanun ol
a Wlde range ol vcgemble seeds can be prolourid.
semen wearc law-mm ihe iune io eermiriaie (in
daysi eari be redueed io unPlcmh or mien-nil ol ihai
in (old soils by inereasing soil iemperaiures. At ihe
zxmmts ol ihis iemperaiure range, howeyer, we find
many planis have hm 5 [idols whkh resuli in no
germinaiion while almofl all yegeiahle seed will
gerruiuaie in soils or lszirc {SG-GGTL sueh oddihes as
eelery refuse lo gerriunaie am we um, and many
eueurbirs, beans, and suhiropieals do noi stimulant
below io~c (scan 1hus, we are really Ialklng aboui
waning uniil IOC is ienehed, or warming up are soil in
gmhmxses or wilh clear or olsek plasrie muleh in the
held helore planting Sameiimes rusi ihe ekpvsul! ol
bare errih io ihe sun helps A simple ihermomeier
inserred 2 5 em ll iriehl in ihe soil sinners la measure
(h: soil ieniperaruie, or a Warm] sml iherruomeier ran
be purehased. For speeilie erops, we can eonsuli suL'h
iahulaiions as nre laund in Maynard and Lorenz
(Knoll; Handbook fav VlgembltGmwrs. WHO, wiley, N. i
A seeond elleer on garminihon is liehi iirell, (.5.
earrois need a deliruie quanllry why“, and are usually
surfarrplamzd io eneei ihis. We ear. surface—«alter
sueh seeds. or hrsi sank iheoi avemlgm and Lhzn subieei
ihem lo a day under a low-waiiape lxgh| bulb or in ihe
open beioie planhhg and eoverine ihem lighuy (ihey
reaei m ihis light only i/ wrmd [ism Large! seeds
usually aeeepi burial and germihaiiori in ihe dark,
while some weed seed and deseri seed Will germiuaie
deepelauried For a iew weed speeies such as wild
iobareo, a mere nash ol Iighi as when we lurn over a
elod o{ soil) suliiees |o siari gmninon
erl we eome |o cold, and we speak ol ihe
STRATIFICATION or vExNALlsmoN ol seeds,
Cold-am: seed. and spedneally km and berry seeds
lroni boreal or eold areas, should spend ihe period hum
auiumn io spnng in a Keirigeniur when iakeri io
warmer dima|es. Apple seeds szored in sand or
eheshiuis iii peai sproui in ihis way, and can be poned
oui as ihey shooi. This in run reproduees ihe exposun:
lo cold lisi aboui nus-c (gr-«ml ihai ihey nomially
expei-ienre ai m: hher leyel in mid loiesis or marshes
Wild rise and an" "int aouaiie seeds are sioied in
open ponds, or under waier in an ordiruary ieirigeraior,
seraoheahon ean olieri be accomplished by keeping
such seeds in sand or peai (or waier ior aquaiiesi ln
eold shaded valleys, or under open eool iiellis in Wlnn
elimaies. They (an be eheeked bu laie m wrnier and
spring lor signs or germlmuon Th: opposiie ol line is
heal ireaimehi, sueh as we ean give io many iree
legume seeds, by heaiime m an oven ai as'c (200m lor
a men: minuie period, or by pouring vvyy hoi
{Mar-bailing) waterover ihem, or by bunung iherri iria
lIgN siraw lire
Many older givdznus Will also reed seeds io
ihemselyes iin sandwiehesl, or iheir animals lehicker. or
eamei. mum ihe manure, make a slurry ol ii, and sew
sueh seeds as ioniaioes, berries, and nee legumes The
"9