1339 lines
151 KiB
HTML
1339 lines
151 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
|
||
<html>
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
|
||
<title>Natural perfection of rational level culture and its dichotomies</title>
|
||
<meta name="generator" content="LibreOffice 4.2.8.2 (Linux)">
|
||
<meta name="author" content="Amr Gharbeia">
|
||
<meta name="created" content="20010831;0">
|
||
<meta name="changed" content="20150722;225857630822708">
|
||
<meta name="changedby" content="Amr Gharbeia">
|
||
<style type="text/css">
|
||
<!--
|
||
@page { margin-left: 2cm; margin-right: 1.2cm; margin-top: 1.2cm; margin-bottom: 1.25cm }
|
||
p { text-indent: 1.27cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm; direction: ltr; color: #99ccff; line-height: 120%; text-align: left; widows: 2; orphans: 2 }
|
||
p.western { font-family: "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; so-language: en-US }
|
||
p.cjk { font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt; so-language: zh-CN }
|
||
p.ctl { font-family: "Simplified Arabic"; font-size: 10pt; so-language: ar-EG }
|
||
-->
|
||
</style>
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body lang="en-GB" text="#99ccff" bgcolor="#ffffff" dir="ltr" style="background: #ffffff">
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#993366"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><b>N<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" name="Image1" align="left" hspace="5" width="125" height="54" border="0"><br clear="left">atural
|
||
perfection of rational level culture and its dichotomies. </b></font></font><font color="#000000"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Since
|
||
cultural evolution at the rational spiritual stage is inevitably part
|
||
of the overall course of evolution, there is a point in its overall
|
||
course at which evolution speeds up enormously, for the power of
|
||
spiritual animals increases more rapidly by cultural evolution than
|
||
is possible by biological evolution alone. There are, however,
|
||
additional necessary truths about the evolution of rational level
|
||
culture. Our ontological derivation of the course of evolution
|
||
includes implications about the content of culture, implying that
|
||
limits are inevitably imposed on cultural evolution at the rational
|
||
spiritual stage by dichotomies that cannot be overcome, except by
|
||
religion. </font></font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Even
|
||
when cultural evolution is not limited by lack of resources, leisure
|
||
or cultural inhibitions, there is a limit to how far the culture of
|
||
reflective spiritual animals can evolve. Though rational culture
|
||
gradually evolves in the direction of natural perfection for
|
||
arguments of its kind, their maximum holistic power is not as great
|
||
as it would become at the next stage of spiritual evolution (the
|
||
philosophical stage, with arguments organized on a higher level of
|
||
part-whole complexity). </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">It
|
||
might seem that all the arguments accumulated as culture would
|
||
ultimately be combined as a single argument, since cultural evolution
|
||
is change in the direction of arguments that are integrated and
|
||
harmonized with one another according to general principles. But it
|
||
is not possible to show how all the various conclusions for specific
|
||
situations derive from the same basic principles as long as arguments
|
||
are limited to the kind made possible by reflection on the causes of
|
||
beliefs and behavior, that is, the kinds of reasons that subjects
|
||
consider at the rational spiritual stage.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Three
|
||
dichotomies are built so deeply into the nature of reason that
|
||
rational selection cannot find a principle, or usually even a well
|
||
integrated set of principles, that can bridge the gaps between these
|
||
clusters of arguments and explain how they are related to one
|
||
another. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" name="Image2" align="bottom" width="404" height="300" border="0"></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">One
|
||
dichotomy is the difference between arguments about what to believe
|
||
and what to do, that is, between theoretical and practical reason.</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Another
|
||
dichotomy arises within theoretical reason, between arguments
|
||
concerning what to believe about objects in space and arguments
|
||
concerning what to believe about subjects, that is, between
|
||
naturalistic and reflective understanding.</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The final
|
||
dichotomy arises within practical reason, between arguments about
|
||
what the individual ought to do and what the spiritual animal ought
|
||
to do, that is, between individual (self) interest and spiritual
|
||
(self) interest.</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">These
|
||
dichotomies are an inevitable incoherence about rational culture.
|
||
This limitation may not be felt until rational level culture
|
||
approaches natural perfection for arguments of its kind, because
|
||
until then, it may be obscured by other forms of incoherence. And
|
||
when these dichotomies are seen as problems, they may be papered over
|
||
by religion. Indeed, it may not be possible to recognize them for
|
||
what they are until the next spiritual stage of evolution, when the
|
||
validity of rational level arguments is what arguments are about.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">What is
|
||
lacking in rational level culture is, as we shall see, the concept of
|
||
reason. Reflective subjects have reasons for their conclusions, but
|
||
they do not have a theory about the nature of reason by which to fit
|
||
all those arguments together as a single argument, and thus, the only
|
||
way they can integrate different arguments is by the discovery of
|
||
principles that apply to them. At the next stage, theories about the
|
||
nature of reason will give epistemological philosophers a foundation
|
||
from which to construct arguments about the validity of the arguments
|
||
of rational level culture. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Before
|
||
taking up the philosophical spiritual stage, however, I will use
|
||
these three dichotomies as a way of surveying the content of culture
|
||
at the rational spiritual stage as it approaches natural perfection.
|
||
The three dichotomies are necessary truths of ontological philosophy,
|
||
because we can see, from ontological foundation, that even at the end
|
||
of cultural evolution at the rational spiritual stage, arguments will
|
||
be divided into four irreducibly different clusters by these three
|
||
inevitable differences among the kinds of arguments that evolve in
|
||
rational level culture. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><font face="Verdana, sans-serif">T<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" name="Image3" align="left" hspace="5" width="225" height="18" border="0"><br clear="left">heoretical
|
||
and practical reason. </font>As we have seen, culture includes two
|
||
different kinds of arguments, arguments about what to believe, which
|
||
are based on beliefs and perception, and arguments about what to do,
|
||
which are based on desires and beliefs. The former arguments make up
|
||
theoretical reason, whereas the latter make up practical reason. The
|
||
interest of reason in the former case is discovering the true,
|
||
whereas the interest of reason in the latter case is discovering the
|
||
good (though as we have seen, it ultimately depends, in both cases,
|
||
on discovering the beautiful). </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">The
|
||
difference between theoretical and practical reason is inevitable, as
|
||
we can see from the vantage of ontological philosophy, because reason
|
||
is a kind of animal behavior guidance system. Since animal behavior,
|
||
unlike mere biological behavior, acts on objects in space, it must be
|
||
adapted to the immediate situation, and so input is used in two
|
||
different ways to guide output. It is used to gather information
|
||
about the world so that it can generate behavior that is adapted to
|
||
the situation, and it is used to choose what kind of behavior to
|
||
generate in each situation. This difference has been explicit from
|
||
the telesensory stage of evolution, as the following diagram
|
||
indicates.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" name="Image4" align="bottom" width="458" height="228" border="0"></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Practical
|
||
arguments have to do with the kind of <i>output, </i>but the input
|
||
about the world that is used to choose the kind of behavior in each
|
||
situation and to generate whatever kind of behavior is selected is
|
||
supplied by theoretical arguments. That is, beliefs are supplied by
|
||
the animal system of representation, and desires are supplied by the
|
||
goal selection system. But as we have seen, the animal system of
|
||
representation evolves through a series of stages of increasing
|
||
power, adding one new form of imagination after another, until it is
|
||
able to understand not only spatial, structural and efficient
|
||
causation, but also rational causation. Reflection makes it possible
|
||
to understand not only the role of perception in the formation of
|
||
beliefs, but also the role of desire along with belief in causing
|
||
behavior, and as we have seen, when such causes are represented as
|
||
causes as part of the very process of causing behavior, they become
|
||
reasons. Thus, there are two kinds of reasoning, theoretical and
|
||
practical.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">In
|
||
addition to entailing a difference between them, ontological
|
||
philosophy also implies, as mentioned earlier, that holistic power is
|
||
maximum for theoretical reason when its conclusions are true and that
|
||
holistic power is maximum for practical reason when its intentions
|
||
are good. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Truth
|
||
is correspondence to what is, and since such a correspondence is
|
||
built into the very structure of imagination, culture must evolve in
|
||
the direction of discovering the true as arguments are selected for
|
||
making world views maximally coherent. That is, the relations of
|
||
objects in space and how they change by motion are adequately
|
||
understood by spatial imagination, the geometrical structures of
|
||
objects in space and their effects on interactions are adequately
|
||
understood by structural imagination, and the states of objects in
|
||
space and their efficient-cause connections are adequately understood
|
||
by naturalistic imagination. Furthermore, the psychological states of
|
||
subjects in space and their rational-cause connections are adequately
|
||
understood with the evolution of rational imagination, with
|
||
reflective understanding. All these forms of imagination are built
|
||
into rational imagination, and the correspondence between rational
|
||
imagination and these aspects of the world means that worldviews that
|
||
are more coherent in rational imagination are more likely to
|
||
correspond to what actually exists, and thus, the cultural evolution
|
||
of theoretical arguments tends to discover the true about the world. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Though
|
||
rational subject are naïve realists, who do not recognize that
|
||
perception is mediated by sensory images, they understand the
|
||
correspondence involved in truth well enough to pursue it. They think
|
||
of it as the correspondence between the naturalistic images
|
||
constructed as the meanings of natural sentences with perceptions as
|
||
the natural world (or the correspondence between the psychological
|
||
images constructed as the meanings of psychological sentences with
|
||
ill-understood states of subjects who are perceived as objects in
|
||
space).</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Animal
|
||
behavior in general is guided to attain goals that control conditions
|
||
that affect reproduction, and since evolution is in the direction of
|
||
maximum holistic power for organisms of its kind, that is, their
|
||
natural perfection, the primary goal of practical reason is to do
|
||
what contributes most to the natural perfection of organisms of its
|
||
kind. The goals to be pursued are determined by desires, both those
|
||
that are built into the animal behavior guidance system by the
|
||
biological behavior guidance system and those that are learned from
|
||
experience, and with the evolution of reflection, it is possible to
|
||
plan behavior in many different situations over long periods of time
|
||
that will maximize the satisfaction of those desires. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Since
|
||
intentions are good when they make a necessary contribution to
|
||
natural perfection, we can see how the cultural evolution of
|
||
practical arguments tends to discover what is good. As part of their
|
||
worldview, subjects would have (and usually share) intentions about
|
||
what to choose in the whole range of situations they face, or what
|
||
might be called “values.” Insofar as an argument for doing
|
||
something fits the intention comfortably together with those
|
||
intentions, its acceptance would depend on the goals it would attain
|
||
or the desires it would satisfy. But in order to change a fixed
|
||
intention about how to deal with certain situations, such as a custom
|
||
or general value, practical arguments would have to displace the
|
||
reasons for accepted practices. But since such practical arguments
|
||
would be judged by their coherence with all the intentions included
|
||
in their worldview, it would tend to discover the good (or at least
|
||
avoid certain mistakes), because it would be part of a plan for
|
||
attaining all their goals.</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Practical
|
||
arguments would not be limited to arguments about what to do in
|
||
particular situations, any more than theoretical arguments are.
|
||
Culture would tend to evolve principles of practical reasoning as
|
||
well as principles of theoretical reasons, and for the same reason —
|
||
because of the way imagination works and how behavioral schemata
|
||
evolve in them by reinforcement selection. Some situations requiring
|
||
decisions about what to do would be similar, involving similar
|
||
choices among means to some goal or similar choices among alternative
|
||
goals, and since the arguments about what to do would also be
|
||
similar, behavioral schemata for arguments would evolve that handle
|
||
them all in the same way. And those behavioral schemata could be
|
||
expressed in overt verbal behavior, as practical principles. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Such
|
||
reasoning implicitly involves aesthetic judgments, since it is
|
||
looking for the best complete set of intentions by comparing such
|
||
sets in rational imagination, and thus, the good implicitly appears
|
||
as what would contribute to their own natural perfection. But since
|
||
rational intuition enables such subjects to recognize natural
|
||
perfection about other aspects of the world, they can also see what
|
||
would be good in other ways, for example, what would be good for
|
||
other kinds of animals, for plants, or for the ecology, and thus,
|
||
they can also conclude that it is also good to pursue those goals.
|
||
The pursuit of such optional goals is just an aspect of the autonomy
|
||
of reason, and we will consider later how it contributes to natural
|
||
perfection.</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">None
|
||
of this is obvious, however, from the point of view of reflective
|
||
subjects, at least, not at the rational spiritual stage of evolution.
|
||
Though it is obvious there is a difference between theoretical and
|
||
practical reasoning, it is not clear how the true and the good are
|
||
related to one another. Indeed, the difference is not commonly
|
||
described as a dichotomy between facts and values in rational level
|
||
culture. And it is not clear how goodness is even part of the world.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Rational
|
||
subjects find themselves having an interest in both the true and the
|
||
good, and they naturally understand truth as correspondence to the
|
||
world. But it is not clear what kind of correspondence is involved in
|
||
goodness, if any. Attempts to explain what is good as deriving from
|
||
ancestors, gods or other religious myths do not stand up to
|
||
criticism, because they are merely arguments for submitting to the
|
||
judgment of other such reflective subjects without explaining why
|
||
their judgment is correct. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Desires
|
||
are seen as goals from the point of view of the reflective subject.
|
||
But even when goals are recognized as being caused by desires, that
|
||
does not explain why they are good, because there is still no
|
||
explanation of why they have those desires. It may be obvious that
|
||
having certain desires contributes to survival, as hunger does by
|
||
moving one to acquire energy and fear does by motivating self
|
||
protection, but it remains a mystery why surviving is good. It seems
|
||
that since they have goals, there must be some overarching goal to
|
||
which all the others are means, but there are different ways of
|
||
identifying that goal. And no way to explain why we should have an
|
||
ultimate goal. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">In
|
||
rational level culture, these limits to their understanding of the
|
||
nature of goodness are generally recognized, because there is usually
|
||
a set of religious beliefs that can be used to justify their
|
||
conclusions, and the frailty of religious explanations does not
|
||
become apparent until different cultures come into contact. The
|
||
effect of that will be considered in discussing the next spiritual
|
||
stage.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><font face="Verdana, sans-serif">N<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" name="Image5" align="left" hspace="5" width="225" height="19" border="0">aturalistic
|
||
and reflective understanding.</font> Theoretical reason is based on a
|
||
faculty of imagination that is able to understand two fundamentally
|
||
different kinds of causes, efficient causes in the natural world and
|
||
rational causes of the behavior of subjects, and as a result,
|
||
rational subjects are amphibians, living in two worlds at once. They
|
||
live as animal bodies in a world of objects in space whose states of
|
||
affairs are causally related, and they live in a world of subjects in
|
||
space whose psychological states play various roles in causing
|
||
behavior (and beliefs). The natural and social worlds are both worlds
|
||
of facts about particulars, but since principles evolve as parts of
|
||
the evolution of culture by rational selection, one leads to a
|
||
science of nature (or natural science) and the other leads to a
|
||
science of subjects, including both individuals (or psychology) and
|
||
how subjects live together as parts of spiritual animals (or social
|
||
science). </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Understanding
|
||
of the natural world is based on spatial and structural imagination
|
||
and how the regularities represented are used (along with others that
|
||
are simply discovered by experience) to represent causal connections
|
||
in the world of objects in space. The causes are efficient causes,
|
||
and the relevant regularities enables them to make inferences about
|
||
what to believe (and what to do). </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Similarly,
|
||
understanding of the social world is based on <i>rational
|
||
imagination, </i>which is made possible by the use of psychological
|
||
sentences. Reflection uses the regularities about the behavior
|
||
guiding process in one’s own brain to simulate the processes going
|
||
on in the brains of others, and since those causes are represented as
|
||
causes in the very process of causing behavior, they explain and
|
||
predict behavior in terms of reasons. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000">“<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span lang="en-US">Reflective
|
||
understanding” is a way of referring to the use of rational
|
||
imagination to understand the causes of subjective behavior, that is,
|
||
rational causation, and it is meant contrast to “naturalistic
|
||
understanding,” as the use of rational imagination to understand
|
||
efficient causes in the (rest of the) natural world.</span></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">The
|
||
objects that are explained in these basically different ways are all
|
||
located in space, but since the relevant facts are so different from
|
||
one another, the social world appears from the point of view of the
|
||
reflective subject to be superimposed on the natural world. And
|
||
though our ontological perspective explains the relationship between
|
||
them and shows why both are inevitable, none of this can be
|
||
understood by reflective subjects at the rational stage. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">It is
|
||
obvious that individuals have bodies that move around in a world of
|
||
objects in space and that those bodies are moved by choices made on
|
||
the basis of beliefs and desires, like their own. Subjects are as
|
||
much a part of their world as other objects in space, but they seem
|
||
basically different, because subjects cannot be explained by
|
||
efficient causes in the same way. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Nor would
|
||
the nature of subjects be explained, if it were recognized that what
|
||
makes rational explanation possible is simulating the other’s
|
||
inferences in one’s own rational imagination, because rational
|
||
imagination is not itself explained in terms of natural processes,
|
||
but must be accepted as basic. Thus, even though it may be obvious
|
||
that rational subjects can see into one another minds and even that
|
||
the social world is constituted by their mutually accepting certain
|
||
practices and arguments, the gap between the natural and social world
|
||
cannot be bridged at the rational stage. They seem as different as
|
||
body and mind. The cultural evolution of arguments about each leads
|
||
fundamentally different sciences. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i><b>Naturalistic
|
||
understanding.</b></i> There is not much more to be said about the
|
||
evolution of natural science at the rational stage, because without
|
||
the use of mathematics, its principles cannot probe much deeper than
|
||
the basic regularities represented in imagination and regularities
|
||
discovered by the perception of the natural world.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Theoretical
|
||
arguments become more powerful as more alternatives are considered,
|
||
because when only the most coherent are selected, the conclusions
|
||
tend to correspond to the world. Beliefs are caused by perceptions,
|
||
and they must continue to stand up to perceptions. But they represent
|
||
states of affairs that are also causally related, and since the most
|
||
basic of those causal relations are represented by the structure of
|
||
rational imagination, beliefs are also tested by how they fit
|
||
together as parts of a worldview. That is, when a new conclusion
|
||
about what to believe is considered, it is judged by its
|
||
correspondence to the world as represented in that worldview. The
|
||
reasons for it must show that it is more likely to correspond to the
|
||
world than whatever belief on the topic is currently held. As long as
|
||
that judgment is not clear, argument will tend to persist. But when
|
||
each individual judges what is true by which argument leads to the
|
||
most rationally coherent worldview, the arguments generally accepted
|
||
in a spiritual animal tend to discover the true. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Arguments
|
||
about what is perceived in nature leads to the recognition of
|
||
regularities, or causal connections, which are used in controlling
|
||
relevant conditions. In the complex natural perfection of the
|
||
biological world produced by reproductive causation, the discovery of
|
||
regularities can be a source of great power, for example, in tracking
|
||
animals, identifying plants as foods, discovering medicines for
|
||
various ailments, and later in the technology used in agriculture,
|
||
constructing cities, building ships, commerce, and the like. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The ability
|
||
to probe beneath the level of observation and discover the natures of
|
||
smaller parts of objects and the structural causes they make up is
|
||
limited by the nature of perception. We have seen what they are in a
|
||
spatiomaterial world like ours, but we have had the advantage of the
|
||
discoveries of modern natural science. They come from using
|
||
mathematics to keep careful track of the quantities involved in such
|
||
micro level processes. But the evolution of mathematical arguments
|
||
depends, as we shall see, on a more radical random variation in
|
||
arguments which is made possible only at the next stage of evolution.
|
||
Rational level culture includes, at most, the basic principles of
|
||
arithmetic and geometry, and they are not recognized to be different
|
||
from other regularities. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">At
|
||
the rational stage, therefore, natural science tends to fade into
|
||
magic and mysticism. What cannot be explained by the sorts of
|
||
efficient causes discovered by natural science can seem to be
|
||
explained by supposing that events are caused by “spirits” or
|
||
“souls” in nature that act intentionally for certain reasons.
|
||
Thus, technology based on natural science gives way, at the limits of
|
||
its power, to magic based on animism or the belief in gods. But this
|
||
is merely to fill the gaps in understanding nature with explanations
|
||
based on their understanding of subjects, though the incoherence of
|
||
such explanations may not even be suspected, since there is no
|
||
available alternative. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i><b>Reflective
|
||
understanding.</b></i> Reflective understanding includes everything
|
||
known by rational subjects through their capacity to explain behavior
|
||
rationally, and since this cognitive capacity evolves in spiritual
|
||
animals, it covers both individuals and the spiritual animal itself.
|
||
But just as natural science at the rational stage is limited by the
|
||
nature of perception, so social science at the rational level is
|
||
limited by the nature of reflection. On the one hand, psychology
|
||
cannot see any deeper into the nature of individual reflective
|
||
subjects than the reasons that are used to explain their beliefs and
|
||
behavior, and on the other hand, social science cannot see any deeper
|
||
into the nature of their public social world than what is obvious to
|
||
each member in generating institutions as social level behavior. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i>Reflective
|
||
understanding of individuals (psychology). </i>Since individual
|
||
beliefs and behavior are explained by reasons, the science of
|
||
subjects is little more than the power of reason, whose essential
|
||
nature is entailed as part of the course of evolution by reproductive
|
||
causation. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Reason is
|
||
now commonly called “folk psychology,” on the assumption that the
|
||
connection between reasons and the behavior they cause is recognized
|
||
by learning the laws of nature discovered by psychology as a
|
||
primitive branch of natural science which happens to be built into
|
||
culture. But the laws of folk psychology are not regularities about
|
||
behavior discovered by perception, like natural laws. They are,
|
||
rather, built into the structure of rational imagination. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Nor is this
|
||
capacity to explain subjective behavior a so-called “Theory of
|
||
Mind” that is built into the brain genetically as a special
|
||
“module” on the now fashionable modular theory of how the brain
|
||
works (The modular theory hold that the brain is made up of various
|
||
independent modules that have evolved separately by natural selection
|
||
for causing beliefs and behavior in various relevant situations, such
|
||
as beliefs about colors, numbers, kinds of animals, and generating
|
||
athletic behavior, social behavior, musical behavior, verbal
|
||
behavior, artistic behavior and the like). Instead, in explaining
|
||
beliefs and behavior rationally, the brain uses its own behavior
|
||
guiding processes to simulate the behavior guiding processes in other
|
||
subject. The foundation of reason is, as we have seen, a higher level
|
||
of neurological organization in the faculty of imagination, and thus,
|
||
it incorporates all the more elementary forms of imagination and
|
||
verbal behavior. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Since
|
||
reason uses the brain’s own behavior guiding processes to simulate
|
||
the behavior guiding process in another subject, it may seem that the
|
||
principles of rational explanation are all fixed by the nature of the
|
||
behavior guiding mechanisms built into the brain. That is, as
|
||
arguments of their science of subjects evolve by rational selection,
|
||
spiritual animals all discover the same principles for explaining
|
||
behavior rationally. However, some principles for explaining the
|
||
behavior of rational subjects are discovered empirically in a way
|
||
that parallels the discovery of laws of natural science, because
|
||
mechanisms built into the brain do not already represent directly one
|
||
of the most basic causes of behavior. And this makes it possible for
|
||
cultures to differ in their science of individual subjects. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Perceptions
|
||
and beliefs about nature can easily be made objects of reflection,
|
||
because their contents are already represented by <i>naturalistic
|
||
images </i>in the rational imagination of the animal system of
|
||
representation. But the content of desire, that is, its object, is
|
||
not already represented, because desires are merely dispositions to
|
||
behave in certain ways toward certain objects. They are fixed, in a
|
||
sense, because they are ultimately imposed by the biological behavior
|
||
guidance system. But they need to be discovered empirically, and the
|
||
cultures of different spiritual animals may vary in how far their
|
||
theories about basic desires have evolved. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The kinds
|
||
of desires can be identified only by the kinds of behavior they tend
|
||
to cause, that is, in terms of the goals at which they are directed
|
||
and by which they are satisfied. Some desires, such as the animal
|
||
desires for food, water, sleep, sex, safety from predators, and the
|
||
like, are fairly obvious, but others are not, such as social desires,
|
||
which are attached to other subjects in the group or to one’s
|
||
relationship to them. Fantasies about behaving in certain ways and
|
||
the states brought about by them are not reliable indicators of their
|
||
goals, for there may be different ways of describing those states.
|
||
(Even the history of past reinforcement for the behavior make not
|
||
clarify the goal, because it is not always obvious which desire is
|
||
responsible for the reinforcement.) </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Thus, some
|
||
desires are identified only by principles of the culture’s science
|
||
of subjects. Though their identity may be revealed by the evolution
|
||
of principles for explaining behavior, this part of social science is
|
||
not always a purely theoretical science, because individuals see
|
||
their desires as the goals at which behavior is directed and
|
||
arguments about which goals to pursue are part of culture. Thus,
|
||
psychology merges with practical reason, and cultures differ in the
|
||
desires they use to explain behavior because they have different
|
||
intentions for handling the situations that arise. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The
|
||
disagreements between cultures about such principles of reasoning
|
||
does not necessarily imply that some are true and others false,
|
||
because the science of individual subjects is reflective. It is used
|
||
by subjects to understand themselves, and the principles they use to
|
||
explain themselves helps constitute the kind of subjects they are.
|
||
They come to think of themselves as being moved by desire of the
|
||
kinds recognized in their culture and, as a result, become reflective
|
||
subjects of that kind. It is part of the “self.”</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i>The
|
||
nature of the Self. </i>The evolution of arguments about why
|
||
individuals behave (and believe) as they do is not just a science of
|
||
subjects, or psychological science, because it helps constitute the
|
||
very objects it describes. Individuals enter a spiritual animal as
|
||
particular, infants with no role except as objects being handled by
|
||
their parents (or other adults), but as they mature, they acquire the
|
||
language being used, learn the practices and accumulated arguments of
|
||
their culture, and eventually become reflective subjects who are
|
||
members of society and make choices about how to live their lives. As
|
||
he uses the arguments accumulated as reflective understanding of
|
||
individuals, the individual subject comes to have a Self. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Self-reflection
|
||
is possible, as we have seen, because psychological images can be
|
||
used to think about one’s own psychological states. Rational
|
||
imagination enables the subject to see her own psychological states
|
||
as causes of her own conclusions about what to do or what to believe,
|
||
and using it reflexively, that is, to reflect on herself, is what
|
||
transforms causes of behavior into reasons. It means that
|
||
representing the causes of her behavior as causes of behavior is
|
||
normally part of the very process of causing it. Thus, not only can
|
||
reflective subjects describe their own behavior in terms of the
|
||
desires and beliefs that cause it, but they can also explain their
|
||
past behavior by such reasons and choose what they will do by
|
||
considering the reasons for different alternatives. The coherence of
|
||
this reasoning about individual reflective subjects is based on the
|
||
assumption that the subject is identical over time, and thus, as the
|
||
reflective subject learns the culture’s science of subjects, she
|
||
recognizes that she is identical over time. That is what gives her a
|
||
Self. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">A
|
||
non-reflective animal may also be said to recognize its identity over
|
||
time, but that does not give it a Self. The brutish animal
|
||
understands itself as a body in a world of objects in space, and the
|
||
coherence of that understanding is built on the assumption that the
|
||
present body is the same body that has acted in the past and will act
|
||
in the future. Even in thinking about the structure of space, the
|
||
animal subject takes its covert locomotion to be the behavior of the
|
||
same body that explored the territory in the first place. But not
|
||
only is this identity merely implicit, it is also merely the identity
|
||
of a body. The non-reflective subject lack the concept of a subject,
|
||
and thus, it cannot recognize its identity over time as a subject,
|
||
not even implicitly. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Self-reflection
|
||
is exhibited in the subject’s capacity to tell a story about
|
||
himself that explains why he acted as he did in the past, explains
|
||
how its effects on the world produced new situations in which one had
|
||
to act, and so on, until it is clear how the present situation arose
|
||
and he is telling his story. That story about his past is the context
|
||
in which one chooses what to do in the present situation, and he sees
|
||
his present choice as the continuation of the same story, recognizing
|
||
that he is the same subject who will tell such a story in the future
|
||
about making this choice. That is an explicit representation of his
|
||
identity over time. He refers to the subject who acted in his past
|
||
and who will act in the future as himself. That ability is what gives
|
||
the subject a Self. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Stories
|
||
about reflective subjects are one of the kinds of arguments that have
|
||
evolved in the culture, a kind that depends on rational imagination
|
||
in its role as reflective understanding and its concept of a subject.
|
||
One acquires the capacity to tell stories about people as a part of
|
||
neurological development, that is, the evolution of behavioral
|
||
schemata by reinforcement selection that internalizes the language
|
||
and culture of the spiritual animal. The individual learns to tell a
|
||
story about himself by hearing others tell stories about them, or
|
||
stories about themselves, or about third persons. It requires a
|
||
memory for past events, including his past thoughts and statements,
|
||
and though that may require an increase in the size of memory, it
|
||
needs only the same basic mechanism for linking images in sequences
|
||
that underlies all forms of imagination. But it also requires a
|
||
culture in which the arguments by which individuals can tell stories
|
||
about themselves have evolved, and no one can learn how to tie the
|
||
events of his life together as a story about himself without learning
|
||
to see other subjects as having stories to tell about their lives.
|
||
The subject has a Self only when he also recognizes other reflective
|
||
subjects as also having Selves.</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">To
|
||
speak of subjects as “having a Self” leaves unexplained what the
|
||
Self is. Indeed, there is an ambiguity about the term “self” as
|
||
it is ordinarily used, because it can be understood as referring
|
||
either to the immediate subject who leads the life or to the life
|
||
that is led. The first might be called the self that one is, and the
|
||
second is the self one has. But I will refer to the former as the
|
||
reflective subject (or rational subject), and continue to refer to
|
||
the latter as the “Self”. The current philosophical puzzles about
|
||
the nature of personal identity mentioned above arise from trying to
|
||
understand the nature of the Self from the point of view of the
|
||
reflective subject, and they can be solved by ontological philosophy.
|
||
</font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Being
|
||
constituted by a kind of reasoning that is based on the assumption
|
||
that the subject is identical over time, the Self differs from the
|
||
subject as the whole life differs from the present moment in that
|
||
life. That is, the Self includes the whole life, from beginning to
|
||
end, for it includes the whole cycle of reproduction, the same four
|
||
dimensional “substance” that is the derivative ontological cause
|
||
of reproductive global regularities. But the Self is something that
|
||
comes into existence in the world for the first time at the rational
|
||
spiritual stage. The Self is constituted by the explicit
|
||
representation of oneself as being identical over the whole span of
|
||
one’s life, because that gives one’s life a kind of wholeness
|
||
that it would lack without it. Non-reflective animals, including
|
||
subjects with only the use of natural sentences, live only in the
|
||
present moment. Though they can see the current situation against the
|
||
background of memories of what has happened to their bodies in the
|
||
past and experience is enriched by imagination about what might
|
||
happen in the future, they still act on the strongest desire at the
|
||
moment. Their attention never strays beyond the problem of satisfying
|
||
whichever desire is moving it. But self-reflection changes that,
|
||
because the reflective subject acts from an awareness of his identity
|
||
over time. Having a Self, as we shall see, increases his power
|
||
enormously.</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Though
|
||
subjects are seen as having Selves, the ontology of the Self is not
|
||
generally obvious from the point of view of the subject at the
|
||
rational stage, because one sees one’s own Self on the model of the
|
||
Selves of other reflective subjects in the society. Self-reflection
|
||
involves basically the same kinds of argument that are used to
|
||
understand other members of the society, and comparisons are
|
||
inevitable. What stands out, therefore, are the differences in the
|
||
kinds of Selves individuals have, which are described in terms of
|
||
their character or personality. They are thought to be temperate,
|
||
courageous, generous, cautions, creative or the like, as if the life
|
||
one leads were an expression of some inner disposition, rather than
|
||
as something that each individual creates in leading his life. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The
|
||
arguments of a culture’s science of subjects portray individual as
|
||
having Selves of certain kinds in explaining their behavior. And the
|
||
kinds of Selves individuals are thought to have are generally limited
|
||
to those that are possible, given the theory about the basic desires
|
||
(or goals) that individual have that is included in its science of
|
||
subjects. But since reflective subjects born into the spiritual
|
||
animal internalize its culture, its arguments about how to explain
|
||
beliefs and behavior become the foundation for their understanding of
|
||
who they are, and thus, they come to think of themselves as having
|
||
Selves that are moved by desires of those kinds. Thus, the science of
|
||
subjects that evolves at the rational spiritual stages helps
|
||
constitute the very object that it explains, and it is a
|
||
self-fulfilling truth in certain ways. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Though the
|
||
Self is constituted by the recognition of the identity of the subject
|
||
over time, there is more to the Self than simply that continuity,
|
||
because the Self is also necessarily part of a spiritual animal. To
|
||
have a self is, therefore, to have a spiritual nature, and that is
|
||
important, as we shall see when we take up practical reason. But as
|
||
far as theoretical reason is concerned, that aspect of the Self is
|
||
explained by arguments about the social world. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i>Reflective
|
||
understanding of the social world (Social science). </i>The social
|
||
world is how the spiritual animal appears to the reflective subject
|
||
who is a part of it. Thus, it depends on the nature of spiritual
|
||
animal, which is entailed as part of the inevitable course of
|
||
evolution as explained from the foundation of spatiomaterialism. That
|
||
is not, of course, how it appears at the rational spiritual stage,
|
||
because social science evolves from arguments exchanged by members of
|
||
spiritual animals. Social science is the view of the spiritual animal
|
||
from inside. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">There
|
||
are necessary truths about social science, because this ontological
|
||
explanation of spiritual animals has implications about the arguments
|
||
about the social world that evolve within spiritual animals. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">To call
|
||
those arguments “social science” is to use that term in a broad
|
||
sense, because it includes knowledge of particular facts about the
|
||
social world, not just the principles that evolve to unify the
|
||
arguments about them. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">But that is
|
||
the relevant sense, because both kinds of truths are radically
|
||
different from the truths discovered by natural science. Unlike the
|
||
world known by natural science, which exists independently of the
|
||
reflective subjects who argue about it, the world known by social
|
||
science depends for its existence on reflective subjects generally
|
||
accepting the arguments about it. There is a sense, therefore, in
|
||
which theories in social science are self-fulfilling truths.</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">The
|
||
content of social science has to do mainly with institutions, for
|
||
they are what give the social world its structure (beyond what is
|
||
essential to spiritual animals) and provide the context for the
|
||
particular events that make up the history of a spiritual animal. I
|
||
will begin, therefore, by describing the basic nature of
|
||
institutions, for that explains the nature of the correspondence by
|
||
which social science is true. Then, after inventorying the basic
|
||
kinds of institutions, I will consider how institutions fit together
|
||
under both the social and the cultural aspect of spiritual animals.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i>The
|
||
nature of institutions.</i> Institutions have a nature that can be
|
||
explained as an elaboration of the plan distributed by a leader at
|
||
the primitive spiritual stage of evolution, because institutions are
|
||
basically a form of social level behavior, that is, an action of the
|
||
spiritual animal as a whole. Since animal behavior acts on objects in
|
||
space, its power ultimately comes from how it structures the
|
||
thermo­dynamic flow of matter from free energy to evenly
|
||
distributed heat like a geometrical structure in the region to bring
|
||
about conditions that enable it to reproduce. But in the case of
|
||
spiritual animals, that behavior is generated by using language to
|
||
coordinate the behavior of its members. At the primitive spiritual
|
||
stage, such coordination is a result of the leader distributing a
|
||
plan of social level behavior to the members and their following it.
|
||
What is different about rational spiritual animals is that the role
|
||
of the “plan” in coordinating behavior is played mainly by rules
|
||
that are mutually recognized by members and generally accepted as
|
||
reasons for their behavior in the situations covered, that is, by
|
||
rule-following. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">An
|
||
institution of a spiritual animal is described in its culture as a
|
||
set of social roles. Such social roles are governed by rules that
|
||
determine which members occupy them and that give their occupants
|
||
certain rights and duties in relation to the occupants of other
|
||
social roles. Taken together, therefore, such rules are a system. But
|
||
the existence of institutions depends on the members generally
|
||
following the rules, not merely knowing them. That is, particular
|
||
individuals must occupy the roles (or most of them), and they must
|
||
interact with one another according to the rules governing their
|
||
social roles. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Institutions
|
||
are, therefore, generated by a decentralized, ongoing way of
|
||
coordinating the behavior of members. The evolution of a language
|
||
with psychological sentence is what makes it possible, because such
|
||
rules are basically the general acceptance of a set of arguments
|
||
about how certain members should behave in certain situations. Mutual
|
||
acknowledgement of the rules is a reason for doing what they
|
||
prescribe, and when they are being followed, members occupy social
|
||
roles defined by the rules. For example, one must provide food for
|
||
the child because he is its parent, or one must do what another
|
||
member says because he is the leader and has the authority to rule on
|
||
such matters. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">The
|
||
rules governing social roles are not arbitrary, but are understood as
|
||
guiding their behavior for certain purposes, much as the leader’s
|
||
plan at the primitive spiritual stage. We shall consider the
|
||
functions of institutions shortly. But since behavior in social roles
|
||
is directed at certain goals, it is possible to argue about the rules
|
||
governing them, and thus, these arguments tend to evolve by rational
|
||
selection in the direction of intentions that are good in the sense
|
||
of contributing to the natural perfection of the spiritual animal by
|
||
controlling conditions that affect its reproduction. There are,
|
||
therefore, principles by which social roles in institutions are
|
||
justified and explained, and the set of rules becomes increasingly
|
||
coherent as a whole. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">For
|
||
each institution of a spiritual animal, therefore, its culture
|
||
contains a “theory” describing the social roles that make it up
|
||
and the rights and duties incumbent on its occupants. It is a theory
|
||
about the social world, albeit a low level theory, and, thus, a part
|
||
of social science in the broad sense. It may be inaccurate, if
|
||
members are not actually following the rules. But insofar as the
|
||
relevant linguistic representations correspond to what members
|
||
occupying the social roles do, they are true.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">The
|
||
truth of such theories about the social world is basically different
|
||
from theories is natural science, because a correspondence of its
|
||
theories to what exists in the world is part of the behavior guiding
|
||
mechanism that generates the institution as social level behavior.
|
||
Thus, theories of social science are self-fulfilling in a way that
|
||
theories of natural science never are. The truth of theories in
|
||
natural science depends on how the world is independently of what
|
||
reflective subjects believe, and its workings may not be open to
|
||
them. But the dependence of the social world on what reflective
|
||
subjects believe about it is not problematic in that way.
|
||
Institutions are the spiritual animal’s social level behavior, and
|
||
such theories about them are as much arguments of practical reason as
|
||
they arguments of theoretical reason.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">The
|
||
correspondence between the beliefs about the social world and the
|
||
social world itself also involves a part-whole relation that is
|
||
different from theories in natural science. The object represented by
|
||
such social theories is the behavior of the spiritual animal of which
|
||
the members are parts. The rules defining social roles are the “plan”
|
||
in the minds of the members by which their behavior is coordinated,
|
||
and just as each member must identify with a different task in the
|
||
common plan in order for the plan to coordinate their behavior, so
|
||
each member who participates in an institution must occupy some
|
||
social role in relation to the social roles that make up the
|
||
institutions. Thus, the way that such social theories must be true in
|
||
order for the social world they describe to exist involves a
|
||
correspondence in which each individual identifies himself with a
|
||
certain social role in that institution. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Though it
|
||
is possible to construct linguistic representations describing the
|
||
social world that do not depend on the point of view of any
|
||
particular individual, that is not necessary for the institution to
|
||
exist, because detailed knowledge about certain social roles may be
|
||
limited to those members who occupy them or whose social roles are
|
||
closely related to them. In other words, it is possible for culture
|
||
to be complete in the brain of each member, but that is not always
|
||
necessary for the culture to generate institutions as social level
|
||
behavior.</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Though
|
||
the existence of the social world depends on the cultural aspect of
|
||
the spiritual animal containing a theory about it, that does not make
|
||
the social world less objective than natural science. Institutions
|
||
exist independently of any particular member, because they are the
|
||
behavior of the spiritual animal as a whole. The institution exists
|
||
as long as the behavior of enough members is coordinated by mutually
|
||
accepting the arguments about social roles. Thus, the social world
|
||
can constrain the individual in much the same way as the natural
|
||
world. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">This is
|
||
what Giddens (1976) calls the “duality of structure.” Even though
|
||
institutions, being constituted by the mutual acceptance of beliefs
|
||
about social roles, do not exist in the way that nature does, they do
|
||
constrain individual behavior just as surely as nature does. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">There is
|
||
nothing paradoxical about the effect of institutions on individual
|
||
members when the they are seen as social level behavior, because they
|
||
are simply something that the spiritual animal does to its members in
|
||
much the same way as it acts as a whole on other objects in space.
|
||
They are forms of social level behavior. Thus, individuals may be
|
||
coerced into performing their social roles by the threat of
|
||
punishment, either by other members whose social roles authorize them
|
||
to act for the spiritual animal in that way or, informally, by
|
||
earning a bad reputation among the members of a spiritual animal. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The
|
||
constraints imposed by the enforcement of institutions should be
|
||
distinguished from another way that spiritual animals affect their
|
||
members. The members internalized the arguments of their culture as
|
||
they grow up, and their acceptance of those arguments helps
|
||
constitute the social world in which they find themselves, for they
|
||
go around thinking of other subjects as occupying social roles and
|
||
obeying the rule of their own social roles in relation to them. But
|
||
enculturation is basically liberating. Once members develop rational
|
||
imagination by internalizing the language of their spiritual animal,
|
||
they can participate in the exchange of arguments, and that provides
|
||
the only effective way to change the social world. The rules about
|
||
social roles whose mutual acceptance generates institutions are
|
||
basically practical arguments, and since they can evolve by rational
|
||
selection, the social world can, in principle, be changed by
|
||
arguments that convince others to follow new rules. That is the other
|
||
side of the “duality” of social structure. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i>Kinds
|
||
of institutions. </i>Institutions are not arbitrary. As we have seen,
|
||
even the individuals who fill the roles that constitute them would
|
||
explain their behavior by citing rules and explain those rules by
|
||
principles that appeal ultimately to functions that are thought to
|
||
institutions to serve. Thus, not only their nature, but also the
|
||
kinds of institutions can be understood by reflection. Though the
|
||
arguments that accumulate as social science tend to discover what is
|
||
true about institutions, this knowledge is limited by being founded
|
||
on reflective understanding, and we have a deeper explanation of
|
||
their essential nature from our ontological explanation of spiritual
|
||
animals as what evolves at a certain stage of evolution by
|
||
reproductive causation. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Spiritual
|
||
animals are the new kind of animal at the social level made possible
|
||
by the use of language. The evolution of psychological sentences at
|
||
the rational stage makes reason its behavior guidance system, and as
|
||
we have seen, the evolution of arguments by rational selection makes
|
||
reason increasingly powerful at guiding behavior. But since spiritual
|
||
animals are a kind of animal, it is possible to infer the basic goals
|
||
of its behavior. And since institutions are its social level
|
||
behavior, that makes it possible to infer the basic kinds of
|
||
institutions.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">As
|
||
we have seen, however, spiritual animals are different from
|
||
multicellular animals in at least two ways. Reason is unique in
|
||
serving as both the animal and the biological behavior guidance
|
||
system of the spiritual animal, and the evolution of war means that
|
||
its animal behavior at the social level must pursue a new kind of
|
||
goal. These unique features should show up in the kinds of
|
||
institutions that exist. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Stages of
|
||
evolution are caused by level of part-whole complexity in the
|
||
material structures going through reproductive cycles, and at each
|
||
stage of evolution after the life begins, a biological behavior
|
||
guidance system leads the material structures through reproductive
|
||
cycles by coordinating the behavior of reproducing organisms that
|
||
evolved at the previous stage. Until the social level of biological
|
||
organization, that coordination was responsible for constructing the
|
||
structural cause that would serve as the new kind of animal behavior
|
||
guidance system at its level. But in the case of spiritual animals,
|
||
the biological and animal behavior guidance systems are the same. Not
|
||
only does language coordinate the behavior of multicellular animals
|
||
so that they can go through reproductive cycles as a whole at the
|
||
social level, but it also coordinates them in acting as a whole on
|
||
other objects in space, like a social level animal. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Like any
|
||
living organism going through cycles of reproduction, spiritual
|
||
animal impose natural selection on themselves by the scarcity caused
|
||
by their own population increase. (That is the grounds for thinking
|
||
of them as a new form of life.) But the range of animal behavior that
|
||
is possible for spiritual animals includes a means of controlling the
|
||
main condition affecting their reproduction that was not available to
|
||
animals at lower levels of biological organization. When resources
|
||
become scarce, spiritual animals are able to acquire the free energy
|
||
they need as animals by waging war against other spiritual animal.
|
||
Hence, the spiritual animal behavior guidance system has to make a
|
||
new kind of choice about how to behave. Making reliable choices about
|
||
war and peace is the function that made the evolution of reason
|
||
inevitable, and rational spiritual animals never escape the
|
||
responsibility for making choices about war and peace. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Since
|
||
social institutions are simply regular, ongoing forms of its social
|
||
level behavior, the kinds of institutions can be explained by analogy
|
||
to animals at the multicellular level, including the function of
|
||
their biological as well as their animal behavior guidance system and
|
||
except for the adaptation to war. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i>Kinship
|
||
system. </i>Spiritual animals do not need a mechanism of
|
||
embryological development to construct each new generation from a
|
||
fertilized egg cells, as multicellular animals do, because they
|
||
reproduce by division. But their reproduction, as well as their
|
||
continued existence, does depend on the sexual reproduction of its
|
||
members, and that requires an institution to serve the functions of a
|
||
mechanism of embryological development. This function is served by
|
||
the kinship system.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Just as the
|
||
cells introduced by asexual reproduction must have a location in the
|
||
multicellular body and be determined to behave in a certain ways, so
|
||
individuals born into a spiritual animal must have a location in its
|
||
spiritual body and be determine to behave in certain ways. The social
|
||
roles of the kinship system gives new members a location in the
|
||
institutional structure of the spiritual animal.</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">But since
|
||
the members reproduce sexually, they are more powerful when they
|
||
avoid inbreeding, and thus, the kinships system must regulate
|
||
marriages, including arrangements for marrying outside the spiritual
|
||
animal, when they are sill nomadic bands. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" name="Image6" align="bottom" width="460" height="330" border="0"></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i>Educational
|
||
and religious institutions.</i> Members normally accept the arguments
|
||
of their culture and submit to reason as a result of development. But
|
||
new members born into the spiritual animal must acquire the culture,
|
||
including its language, social roles, technology, religion and other
|
||
shared beliefs about the world, and that is the function of
|
||
educational and religious institutions in spiritual animals. When
|
||
these institutions serve their function well, members conform to the
|
||
social roles they occupy, obey the laws and cooperate in generating
|
||
the social level behavior of the spiritual animal. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The closest
|
||
analogue to institutions of enculturation at the multicellular level
|
||
are the endocrine system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The
|
||
endocrine system is the ongoing activity of the multicellular
|
||
biological behavior guidance system, and the parasympathetic nervous
|
||
system coordinates the multicellular biological and animal behavior
|
||
guidance systems. The coordination of the behavior of cells by these
|
||
systems is what makes it possible for motor commands issued by the
|
||
brain to control the muscles in appropriate parts of the body, in
|
||
much the same way that enculturation by educational and religious
|
||
makes it possible for the spiritual animal to act as a whole by
|
||
coordinating the behavior of members through acts of government or
|
||
other institutions. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i>Judicial
|
||
institutions.</i> Though members normally accept the arguments of
|
||
their culture, conform to the social roles they occupy and obey its
|
||
laws, the power of the spiritual animal to act is curtailed, when
|
||
individuals fail to do what their social roles require of them. Thus,
|
||
one of the goals of its social level behavior is to punish members
|
||
for wrongdoing. That requires some sort of judicial institution,
|
||
because cases of wrongdoing involves conflicts among the members
|
||
which must be resolved. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The
|
||
analogue of the judicial institution at the multicellular level is
|
||
the animal’s immune system. Just as the judicial system tracks down
|
||
and punishes outlaws, so the immune system tracks down an destroys
|
||
pathogens and its own cells that misbehave in certain ways.</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Given the
|
||
autonomy of rational subjects, killing members is not the only way of
|
||
serving this function in spiritual animals. Since wrongdoing is a
|
||
failure to conform to the practical arguments accumulated in the
|
||
culture, compliance can often be punishment. Submitting to reason
|
||
comes from a desire that derives, as we have seen, from the desire to
|
||
submit to the leader at the primitive spiritual stage and, earlier,
|
||
from the desire to submit to higher animal in the dominance
|
||
hierarchy. Thus, since the desire to submit in the dominance
|
||
hierarchy is established and strengthened by a confrontation in which
|
||
the individual is forced to submit, the desire to submit to reason
|
||
can be strengthened in many cases by a ceremony that forces the
|
||
individual to submit to the spiritual animal. That ceremony is
|
||
punishment. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i>Political
|
||
institutions.</i> Animal behavior requires a behavior guidance system
|
||
to select and generate behavior in relation to other objects in
|
||
space. This function is served by the brain in multicellular animals,
|
||
and though it is ultimately served by reason in spiritual animal,
|
||
special institutions evolve to make urgent choices in immediate
|
||
situations. The role of a leader in primitive spiritual animals
|
||
evolves into a governmental institution at the rational spiritual
|
||
stage, with the authority to make decisions for the spiritual animal.
|
||
</font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">In order to
|
||
make decisions about war, spiritual animals may cooperate with other
|
||
spiritual animals that are friendly, and thus, government may include
|
||
diplomatic institutions. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">There may
|
||
also be decisions that have to be made about the economic behavior of
|
||
the spiritual animal as a whole, including not only provisions for
|
||
its army, but also decisions about how to deal with natural
|
||
disasters. And in more populous spiritual animals, more extensive
|
||
coordination may be needed for large scale projects, such as building
|
||
roads and irrigation systems. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">In addition
|
||
to guiding the behavior of the spiritual animal in relation to other
|
||
objects in space, political institutions would normally also have
|
||
responsibility for the reproduction of the spiritual animal, such as
|
||
dividing nomadic bands, setting up colonies, and waging wars to
|
||
establish colonies in new territories. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i>Economic
|
||
institutions. </i>The basic goal of animal behavior is acquiring free
|
||
energy from other objects in space by ingesting them, that is,
|
||
feeding. In spiritual animals, this kind of behavior originally took
|
||
the form of hunting and gathering, but at later stages, as we shall
|
||
see, it comes to involve agriculture and extracting all kinds of
|
||
useful objects from nature. The need to acquire free energy from
|
||
nature is never overcome, but at later stages of spiritual evolution,
|
||
more and more free energy is acquired in forms that is used directly
|
||
to control relevant conditions, such as the control of fire, the use
|
||
of beasts of burden, and as fuel for machines. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">And just as
|
||
multicellular animals require a biological behavior guidance system
|
||
to set up organs for digestion as well as ingesting other objects, so
|
||
cultural evolution leads spiritual animals to acquire economic
|
||
institutions that use what is taken from nature to produce objects
|
||
that are useful in attaining goals. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Moreover,
|
||
just as the usefulness of free energy acquired to multicellular
|
||
animals depends on a circulatory system to distribute it to all its
|
||
cells, so the usefulness of the resources acquired from nature and
|
||
used to produce commodities depends on an economic system that
|
||
distributes the commodities to all its members. In nomadic bands,
|
||
energy circulation can be simply sharing the food acquired, as in the
|
||
gastrovascular cavity of the hydra, but with larger populations, it
|
||
needs a market or class structure like feudalism to serve the role of
|
||
heart and blood vessels. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i>Military
|
||
institutions.</i> War requires a special kind of social level
|
||
behavior toward other spiritual animal, and thus, military
|
||
institutions evolve in spiritual animals to generate such behavior.
|
||
Since multicellular animals do not normally kill other members of
|
||
their species to acquire free energy for themselves, they have
|
||
neither behavior nor organs that are comparable to an army. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">What comes
|
||
closest to war in multicellular animals is animal behavior directed
|
||
at protecting themselves from predators and competing species, such
|
||
as threatening or aggressive behavior. That function must also be
|
||
served in spiritual animals, though controlling that condition was,
|
||
as we have seen, the original function of the mutually protective
|
||
“altruism” of hominids. They roamed around in group carrying
|
||
clubs to beat off predators. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">There
|
||
cannot be any exact parallel between multicellular and spiritual
|
||
animals because of the essential differences between them. But as
|
||
these comparisons suggest, this ontological explanation of the
|
||
essential nature of spiritual animal leads us to expect spiritual
|
||
animals to have more or less the kinds of social institutions that
|
||
are found in actual human societies. There are probably further
|
||
ontological necessary truths about them, and something more will be
|
||
said about their evolution in discussing the philosophical spiritual
|
||
stage (stage 10). But in order to derive all the kinds of
|
||
institutions that inevitably evolve, we would have to trace the
|
||
rational spiritual sate of evolution in more detail than I am here.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><i>Religion
|
||
as social science theory.</i> A final comparison between
|
||
multicellular and spiritual animals will bring out the essential
|
||
nature of the object of social science, and suggest the limitations
|
||
of social science at the rational spiritual stage. Though it does not
|
||
appear so at this stage of history, the object of social science is
|
||
the spiritual animal. Though it is merely a composite (or “dividual”)
|
||
organism, it qualifies as a form of life, because it has the unity of
|
||
any reproducing organism. The way that language coordinates the
|
||
members behavior in social level behavior means that a spiritual
|
||
structure, with both a social and a cultural aspect, goes through
|
||
reproductive cycles as a whole.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">The
|
||
original and essential social aspect of spiritual animals is how
|
||
their members are in continual linguistic interaction with one
|
||
another. That works together with the cultural aspect, as we have
|
||
seen, to guide its behavior as a whole. But with the evolution of
|
||
social institutions, some of its social level behavior is regular,
|
||
and that gives the social aspect a kind of structure. The
|
||
institutions must all fit together, because they are ways in which a
|
||
single spiritual animal acts as a whole over time. Indeed, they fit
|
||
together like the organs that make up multicellular animals, except
|
||
that they do not necessarily involve unchanging geometrical
|
||
structures <i>in space</i>. They are patterns about the motion and
|
||
interaction of the members, and so they give the spiritual animal an
|
||
unchanging geometrical structure <i>in space and time</i>. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">I
|
||
will call it “social structure” because it is a structure of the
|
||
social aspect of the spiritual animal as a whole. But it is important
|
||
to keep in mind that social structure is not the kind of unchanging
|
||
geometrical structure that could be a structural cause of social
|
||
level behavior, because institutions are themselves just various
|
||
kinds of social level behavior that are generated by its spiritual
|
||
structural cause. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">This
|
||
limitation is overcome, as we shall see, when the institution of
|
||
property arises, because that enables social level behavior to impose
|
||
the kind of unchanging geometrical structure on the spiritual animal
|
||
that can serve as a structural cause. Property ties individuals to
|
||
particular pieces of land, and that is, as we shall see, the
|
||
foundation for class structure. (See <font face="Arial, sans-serif">Philosophical
|
||
stage: Possibility: Stages of social evolution</font>.) </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">In the
|
||
meantime, social structure does have an effect on the members,
|
||
because as we have seen, the spiritual animal acts as a whole on its
|
||
own members by promulgating laws, educating them and punishing them. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Social
|
||
institutions are the social level behavior generated by rule
|
||
following, that is, by the mutual acceptance of arguments about
|
||
social roles, including the principles by which those rules are
|
||
justified and the function of the institution is understood by its
|
||
members. Since there are various kinds of institutions, there are
|
||
various kinds of arguments about social roles, and they are all
|
||
accumulated as part of the culture. But just as the rules governing
|
||
the social roles of any given institution are arguments that become
|
||
integrated by general principles as culture evolves by rational
|
||
selection, so “social theories” about all the various
|
||
institutions in a spiritual animal become integrated by even more
|
||
general principles. The highest level principles governing individual
|
||
behavior are basically religious. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Religion is
|
||
a way of explaining everything in the world that is based on
|
||
reflective understanding. Religions take many forms, including
|
||
animistic views of nature, ancestor worship, polytheism, and theism,
|
||
but it always affirms the existence of special beings whose behavior
|
||
can be explained by their reasons, like subjects. That makes
|
||
explanation too easy to be very compelling rationally, because it is
|
||
just a matter of postulating some subjective being who does what
|
||
needs explaining. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Religion
|
||
has an important function, however, because it is ultimately a way of
|
||
representing the spiritual animal of which they are part and what is
|
||
good for that whole. It is used to justify the arguments and
|
||
principles accumulated as the cultural causes of institutions. But
|
||
religion cannot stop by affirming the good of the whole, because that
|
||
in turn needs an explanation. Thus, religions typically expand to
|
||
become the “principle” supporting all the arguments of society,
|
||
explaining the natural world as well as the social world, and serving
|
||
to justify principles of individual behavior as well as institutions
|
||
and social level behavior. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">Therefore,
|
||
just as social theories are not just descriptions of institutions,
|
||
but also practical arguments that generate the institutions that they
|
||
describe, so the religion that integrates them all into a grand
|
||
theory at the rational spiritual stage is not just a description of
|
||
the spiritual animal as whole, but a practical argument that, in
|
||
effect, generates all the behavior of the spiritual animal as a
|
||
living organism over time. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The
|
||
cultural aspect is, as we have seen, a structure of the spiritual
|
||
animal as a whole, It is complete, at least, in principle, in the
|
||
brain of every member. But in order to function as the “plan” for
|
||
social level behavior, the correspondence it entails between the
|
||
worldview of each individual and the social world itself involves the
|
||
same part-whole relation required in primitive spiritual animals (and
|
||
in the mechanism of embryological development). Not only does each
|
||
part contain the entire plan for the higher level organism, but it
|
||
also identifies with a certain part of that plan. </font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" class="western" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">That means
|
||
that the correspondence between images in the brain and the spiritual
|
||
animal as a whole that is required to generate the social world in
|
||
the rational spiritual animal is one in which each rational subject
|
||
sees the social world (and the natural world) from the vantage of a
|
||
particular member of the spiritual animal occupying certain social
|
||
roles. Thus, religion not only integrates all the arguments about the
|
||
social (and natural) world, but also justifies the behavior that the
|
||
social world requires of each member <i>to that member</i>. The unity
|
||
of the spiritual animal as a whole is not only mirrored in the
|
||
culture generally, but mirrored in a slightly different way in the
|
||
brain of each member.</font></font></p>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html> |