139 lines
5.3 KiB
Plaintext
139 lines
5.3 KiB
Plaintext
lheless oeeur logelher over rhelr range clpser
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easminarion or such lnlned assemblies olren reveals a
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sel or mulual benellls lhal arise hold such (unvmal
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rugerherners These benebrs oller help or pruleerlon ho
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lhe whole assembly las when one blrd speeles are. as
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‘lookoul' lorarlalller, or delends rulers horn hawks).
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when we design planl gullds, as we always lry lodoln
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a polyrulnrre, we lry lo rrlaxlrnlse lhe berlerlrs nl eaeh
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speeles lu lhe amuse We ean alsa add laelars or
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lunvernerlee ill aurselves, llr wllleh save us rnpuls ol
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lemllser or pesllrldes, as lrl llle “appleeenrrud gulld
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deserlbed beluw
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A gulld, rhen. is all hal-lnunlous mbly ol spedes
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elusreaed around a eenlral elemenl lplanl m anlrrlall
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This mbly aels lrl relallon lo rlu elenlenl la alslsr
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irs heallh, aid Our work ln managemenr, or buller
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adverse envllonulenral erreels (see Figure ml Ler us
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llsrspmeallhe leasensloplaeesperies in aaeoeladon
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was
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Reduelng rool eolnpe l lon lrorrl le,g.l lavaslve
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91555. almbsl all our rulllvared lead lleas lhrive in
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herbal ground novels, lllu grasses.
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. asslsling pesleonlllll ln various ways-
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_ by provldlng sari—leedanlr lblller or
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unpalalable browse or ehemleal delerrenlsl, eg
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nasnardum reels pruvlde mm eherrlleala lo lornaloes
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or gourebelrles whlrh deler whilelly Many planls,
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lermenled or in aqueous vxlflmull, deler pesls m ael
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as anlleleedanl. when sprayed on leaves ei lhe
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speeies we wlsh rd pruleer,
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— by kllllng raol paraaues or pledalors, e.g.
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clolalan‘a eaplures nemalodes lhal damage ellrus
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and solanaeeous roars. melts rrlarlgelds "lumlgalt"
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soils againsr gases and nerrlalodes
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— lly hosrlng predalors. as almosl all
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smallenowered planls iesperiallygulllara, many
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Amrll species, lamarlsk, Comparirae llhe dalsy
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lamllyl and ulnlrellr/erae sueh ar ll, lenrlel, earrol,
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and corranderl hesl rubber—shes and predalary
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wasps
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. Crlaling upen sell surlaee eondnlons, or
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providing nluleh For example, eamlrey and globe
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arllehokes allaw lree roars lo leed al lhe surlaee
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lunllka grasses, which eenlperes wllh nee mots), wlule
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spring bulbs ldallodllrl or wllllergruwn wlld alllun
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speeles, whose laps dle down ln uud—spnng do nol
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eumpele wllll deciduous lree more in summer dry
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per-lads, nor do lhey inlerrepr llghl rains
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- rrdvlding lree nuldenls. woody or herbaeelnls
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legumes llx nllrugerl nr plher eslenrial null-rears VI:
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rool amales, sllrrlulale soll barlerla er lurlgi, and
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benelil mauled Ina, Clowns, lrees sum as Aunl,
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Casurrlna, and Pullenaea; sug wpmvidlllg grasses
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lnlgar sane» and my. humus produeers (humus) au
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asslsr urehard rpeeles. Many ran be slashed er
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lrunuled lo give rlsh muleh below hm or belween
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avp rows
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. lhovrdmg physical rhelrer rloall lrosl, sunburn, or
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60
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lhe drylng eileels ul wlnd, Many hardy wlndbreak
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speeles or equal or grearer helghr, bolh as edge
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wlndbreak ar lneerop rrown rover eaelude rrasl,
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nulllly sally Or her wlnds, provlde mulch, and
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moderale lhe envlronmerll lowards prureerlng our
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seleeled speeies Examples are borders pl bamboo,
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rm: grasses, Cnyuanml, hardy palms, and lamar‘ssks
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ln-elop shade sheller 0| legumes are needed by suell
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erups as avoeadu, eirrua, and eoeoa or eallee (or any
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erbps needlng parllal shadel ln-srdp lrees earl
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ellmlnale lrosl ellerrs ln rnarglnal Imsl areas
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mm:
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- Cullnary associws‘ ll ls 0! some small benelll ln
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dmlled planrung lo keep eomman eulinary asseeaales
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lugelher llomaloes wi|h parsley and basil, pelaloes
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wiih a ml; or mlnll so lhal we also galher lhem
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lpgelher lor making, salads, or proeesslng (dill wllh
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eueumbersl. Thus we reduee work. Dill and apples also
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go well logelller, nw m rooked, rrld dlll u one or lhe
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unrelll/erae lhal hosl predalory wasps below apple
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lrees
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W
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We have made relererlee, lrl pesl eonnol, lo hosl planls
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These can be besl spaeliled by observing, researehlng,
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er seleelng planls lp hosl qulle speellle predalory
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wasps, laeewrnps, er ladylnlds Venebrales lhal asslsl
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mu seleded crop spedes are:
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- Gmnd ldragers, e g plgs er poullry speemeally
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used lo rlear up lhe lallen lrllll lhal hosl lrull rly er
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larval ronns of pesrs Foragers an be run in alellards
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lor lhal lelalrvely shrlrr period or lhe year when lrull ls
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lalling and romng, or llley earl be used lb ear releel
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lrull and depesll manures,
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. lnleellvpres- blrds, ln parrleular, lhal sealeh bark
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erenees lwoodperkers, llaneyalelsl kn resllrlg larvae
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and egg masses. re erleeurage rhese, planl a very lew
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seauered llowenng shrubs and herbareaus planla aueh
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as Kmpha/m Banldm, salvnl. Eliddlrla. and rllsrllnr All
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ul lhese provlde lrlserl and neelar louds lrll
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insesllvardusbnds
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. Molluleeenllol shallsand slugs are alrnrlsl lelally
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conllolled by a duek flock on range, and several large
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llurds (Tulane appl also reed prlrnarlly on snails
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Dueks earl be ranged seasonally (aulumn lo spring) ln
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planl lyelerrla, and ln summer pn malshlands, Dude
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will ear seedlings 59 mm approprlale sehedullng is
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essennal
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. Guard dogs lor deer, rablnrs, and olher venebnle
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pesls a small number 0! guard dogs, led and
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kennelled ln arellards, are sullleienl eanlrel lor loll
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paedarlan on errhard poullry luragers Such dogs,
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reared wllh domeslle poulrry, do run allaek lhe lloeks
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lhemselves,
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. l-lawk idles suspended over a berry crop, or lllllvn
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as llglll model planes over an enlensrve gram erop
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derer all illxkdrird pledalms ul lhe nap, and are more
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dependable lharl nalural hawks. They need lb be
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lemuvzd when nul needed, so lhal blrds drl nol gel
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