145 lines
5.3 KiB
Plaintext
145 lines
5.3 KiB
Plaintext
we keep lhe avenge pH value so lemma 4 5 and m,
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we ean giow a wide iange ol plnnls and ieai aouaiie
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oigaiusins i/ealeium ii piesenl ll we nano ~ihe range
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io pH sin 5, mosi negoiaoles gmw well in gaidens.
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oiiiside ihese ianges lless ihan pl-l m oi inoie ihan
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pl-illlm, only spsoalised loadeiia oi highee oiganisins
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e-an sope, Moiewei, soil humus is nsell a ounei as is
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ialeiuin lhmel, humus will gmw planis ai sauilaeioiy
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levels even il ihe pH changes. so ihai limed and
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inulehed gardens iaiely show plani delisieney
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sympmms
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8‘9
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SOIL COMPOSITION
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We ihink ol soils as mineiul eonipounds, oui ihe pie
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diagiain in Tabk u wlll aliei ihai impiession, i: does
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nol, o4 eouise, iepieseni any one 5011, bu! is an avenge
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son ol liguie loi a good loain wnh adequaie huinus
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cuiside ihe pie, I have noied some ol ihe possiole
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ianges olvai-iaiion lioin peais no sands inold dunes
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THE HUMUS CONTENT or SOILS
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Solk in naiuiesan vary liom a humus mmem iii 2% lo
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elase |o low las peaisl ln gardens, 40% pi more
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humus he‘ps oloeh hesey melal uplalie by planis,
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holding heavy i-neials bound in eolloids Many
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(umpbslvkd iii mulehed gaiden soils eonhain ill—3m
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humus lsome inneh moiel ne ellesi oi adequale soil
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humus is born physieal, in elleeiing good waiei
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isienlion and in pievenhng eiosi ,and eheinisal via
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eolloid lonnaiion lhe laiealidoivn pioduels oi humus.
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ineluding ihe inineial sonieni oi ihe dollar planes, {arm
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the readlly-avalhblc and oiologiially aeiive
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oomponenis or soil ihai are oi value lo newlyr
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eslaohshed planis ll ihese plains aie peiennial D'(
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pan) mukhrpmdncing, and il we Nmm lood wasies
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io ihe garden lineluding niine and well—pamposied
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Lien-s) ihen veiy iihle humus loss oeeuis.
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0n ihe oioad scale, humus ean only he piovided by
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0»: mos and (he abovhgmund mass oi grasses, iiees,
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and planli Prilne grasses and hioadleai iiees sis
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paiiieulaily eileeiive ai lhis pb. when we aeiaie
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(plough) soils we mm up humus and nxldlse ii {a
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eaioon dmxlde. ihenee lo ilmnsphem li is lost
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ouining lhe vegeiaiion is worse. wilh s hosi ol
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addinonal polluianis lieipenes, eieosaies, niiiogen.
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and du§| panislesl, and a rapld loss oi soil humus
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wheio soils aie noi iilled oi ouined, soil humus lasis a
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long lime lhundieds iii even ihousands ol yeaisl and
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piovides loi a complex soil liIe
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ORGANIC SOIL ADDmVES
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Mulehing is heie defined as eavenng ihs- soil suiiaee
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wilh l5 eni oi inoie nl nigame inaieiial as a loose
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luneompaeiinxl mukh, s on ol ughlrmlh’d sawdusi
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does nai quamy! Mulching is moie generally applied
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in loose dun ”mulzhies“, plas filter mulehes, and so
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on, and ihese may have specilie loeal value in soil
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amendmeni, hlltlng, sienhsanon, weed suppiession,
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oi pesi Ndumoll, em as heie mm deied. she oliyen nl
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mulehing is lo add plani nul enls, huliei soil
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hmyelah—u‘es, pieneni eiosion. piomoie soil llle, and
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restart soil snueniie
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rlasiis mulehes, soil gels (polyicryhmmes),
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heiisu-ide-iisaled soils, and oiganie oi naniial mulch:-
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inay all aehieye ihe aesuli ol pievennng eiosnin and
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helping soil trnmb sknldure develop. On|y long
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penods oi naniial mulihes snoihse numem supply,
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and eomplex ihe so lile, None can he yudged over one
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oi twn seasons, a ean ialie 3-5 yeais to meals a
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balanced soil undei inuleh liom a eompueied oi
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mlnedml soil Even longei perims aio neiessaey lo
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develop hnnnis in peiinaneni maps nsiesoad ioi yield
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on lhe oioad seale, wheie added muleh is nol famed lo
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ihe sue, oui deiived lioin liee wastes and
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ipccla‘lydown siop lgieen manuiesl piodueed on ihe
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sileiisell.
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used in aieas such as we| liopiis and and lands, an
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on dry soaise sands, mulehes may proVE io lie
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ephemeral leyen - iheii eilecls soniinuel, as miss
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iennnes, and leaching .eduee ihe mulch in home ands
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in undeigiound sioiages n lungl and oielena ln
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panieulai, wakr nosoipiion I pmhed undei muleh.
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both as held ciop muleh and Imponnd gaiden inulih,
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lhus Mater needs an reduced leaneiie Conaehei, in
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Wesiein Auslnllz's nmaiive Cflrdmmlg, i979. ieponing
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on zxrenslon ii-ials in Nigena, iesonls “7i osiiei waiei
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inlilnalion on lime iii no llage and mulehed plois
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L'ndei mulzhv emssine soil iempeiaiuie ianges are
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bulleied. being eoolei ay day and wannei ai nighi or
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in wmlei Seed gel-ininaiion is enhaneed, and one. ”1r
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Vang ieini. maioi nuiiienls (N, l-. K) iemain a!
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saiislaeloiy levels. Only under inuleh does ihe
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populaiion ol impoilani soil oiganisins, sueh as
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eanhwonms, HICRISQ»
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Mulehes need some selesiion lo. minimal weed seed,
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minimal residual liioeides, and loi besl eneei on
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speeiheeiopslleoled asioweoyeniw eompaiisonsl,
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i-lasiie mulehes lolacli [or heal and weed (onlmlv
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silvei loi aphid iepellaneyl have a moie hnnied nale,
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iniponani in the shoieieim, inn olien eipensive oi
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impiaeiisal in pooi eouniiies oi ioyecied by pawns
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who suspeei that inany plasiies ielease peisisleni
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shemipal polymeis ol unkmwn elleei on lhe soil hie.
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Muleh is an eieelleni way lo add nuniems lo solls
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ihe "cm!" desay loses linle nniogen, while [limuv
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lanng soil lile generally Theie me some pioolems wILh
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soinpoii, wheio ”ho!" laeioliiel heaps heai up and
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niiiogen lainmonial losses are severe Cold heaps
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(poled oi silagel do noi lose niiiogen, oni neiihei do
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may kill weed seeds OM peieeni oi supoiphosphaie
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added iii a hoi eoinposi heap pievenis ammonia
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eseape Chinese menosis gel lhe oesi ol ooih worlds
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by hisi building an ieiaied heap wulh liainooo poles as
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holes iu male aii iunnels ms is lhen eoiieii-d
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199
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