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elemenls, ln laes, solne parenls have apparenlly been
granled fol minlng gold deposns uslng banana or
elrrus planrs deprlved nf some eemmon elemenls
lpolasll, phosphale); rhelr leaves lhen cementum
sparse deposls a! gold
Oyslels will eoneenlrale rme llo me dry welghl, an
emelle dosel, abalone eoneerllrale eadmlum, and
several large hsh eoneenlrale lrleleury and blologreal
polsons reom eorals (In lnedible levelsl There are
obvlous llnpllaahons for llle removal. eolleeliorl, or use
0! such sperles—elelrlenl relaliorlshlps, and lead.
eadollulrl, r mereury levels ln llsh or planls need
earelul lruo ring ler pablre heallh reasons
9. ovsxcnzmc mu SOIL cquAcnoN,
Both rhe levels a! grasshopper erld paslllre grub
aellyily lhlgh rln overgraeed landscapes) and llle
plesenee M pushes ol polsonous, lnedlble, horny, and
unpalalable planls leg, Sodom apple, ox. s,
eapeweed) lndlrale an over—soleking problem or range
mlsmanagerrlenl The enesl ls a symhesxs belween
ehanglng soil eondlllons. planl slress, and lhe heavy
selenlon by llvesloek ol palalable spears, soiavoul-lng
rhe survival and spread 01 spiny or lnedlble speeles.
Ton ollen, lhe paslorallsl blames lhe weeds and seeks a
ehelrlleal ralher man a managemenl solllllorl. loo
seldom do we hnd an approaell somblnlng rlle sensible
ullllsallon ol grasshoppers and gruhs as a valuable
dried—proleln supplemenl (or llsh or lood pellels. and
a comblnallon ol soll eondlllonlng, slashlng, and
deenoelsmg or Mills lb lsslo-e speeles balanee,
in MACROFAUNAL mans The slle ol a saris
blrd rookery, a rabbll warren, lhe ground nesl m a
em or elder eluleh, lhe pelleleplle el an owl, or lhe
deeay ol a large eareass will eause a sudden and ollen
lmgrltrm change in lhe lmmedlale yegelallon, as will
lerolile mounds and haryesbereanl eolonles. Orlee suell
slles are molded, and lhe plant assembly ldenlllled,
slmllar slles ean be loraled and reeogmsed Th: dala
ean be used as an ibd lo eonservahon, an lndleallorl ol
soil dralrlage lrabblls ehoose good dralnagel, as a
resull o1 speel le nulrlenl supply lgllarlb on seabird
rookerlesl, or as a way (a eslabllsh lree slumps
lollowmg nahlral indlealols
A large ploporllon M Wllvd<bluwm nllrogerleloylng
and lrledlble planls, or planls earned by buds as seed,
depend on the speedle hablls all birds or mammals, orl
lllelr dung or on soll dismrbanees m role olanllllals
ln llle dislribullon ol planl seed, and plarll rum
assoelabes, ls welldecogmsed, lhelr role in sell ehange,
less (nmmunly nuled
8.16
SEED PELLETINC
lrl gloneel-lng (M lelub lallon or slablllsabun u! sells,
many or lhe local dehelerleies in solls an be ovtmm:
by seed pellelmg whieh is a pnxess ol embedding
seed ln a rapsule ol subslanees “IA! glve ll a good
214
ehanee or esrabllshmenl desplle soil delieleneles ln
loeal siles, or mlrloslles.
- SEED PRETKEATMENT I! seeds have lhrek mass,
or need heal or mld lrealmenl or srarlhraben la bleak
dormaney. they muss be lloaled belrne penning
- lNUCULATlDN. nllehase and moelllale legume
seed wilh lllelr iprpmpriike mleloblal or hlngrl spores
Soak lhe seed in lnosolanl solllhorl, then dry lhe seed.
Mlx drred seed wish a primary boalas below
. PELLETXNG Use a e, day layer, and a lraee al
hne rork floul. raleiulll, or phosphale mixed inlo a
damp bul plasbe slurry around lhe seed 1hls ls lhen
exlrllded (eg, vla a meal lnlnrer wllh lhe rulllng
blades removedl to a shaker rable or nay reveled wllh
dusl. and on a sllgllr irlellrle Dllsl ls added as mded
lo dry and shape the pellel, ur N) m a desirable slze bl
peller lrlgllle um
The dusl, er olller pellel soab should Inmrponhe a
sell rorldlllorllng gel or polymer, a rolloldelorollrlg
subslarlee mne graphllel, a blrd repellenl lgreen dye
helps lepel budsl, all inaed repellenl such as powdered
neern nee Iul Mmfllrnchln lndlra or Melle audamrlll or
dlalomaceous earlh, and perhaps some swelllrlg day
such as benlorllle.
l-ellos are now deed and seallered, drllled, or sown
orl slles la awall raln. The proleered seed gerlnlnales
when lhe pellel absorbs waler, and lhe emerglrlg lool
Iinds lrs nurrlllonal needs sallslied, while the rool
assooales also beeome aellve ln nulrierll lrallslerbo lhe
plarll
The same ulbrallrlg uble lhal we use |n pellel seed
serves, when lloed wllh screens, lo elean and son seed
lroln llle soll below lrees or rlolrl seed and husk
moms, and lhe lmneerean be relumed lo {M kllehen
norle lhe worse lor wear Fukuoka aehreves llle same
resull by presslng seed—slay mixes el grams rhlough a
coarse sleve, onlo a dusl-lllled pan which ls shaken lo
round on llle pellels
8.17
SOIL EROSION
As all else depends on a slable and ploduelive soil, soll
ereallon ls one 04 lhe eenlral lherrles ol permaeullure.
Soll eroslbn or degradallon ls, ln lael, lhe loss or
producllon end henee or deperldenl planes and
anlmals. Sells degrade in lhese ways
. Via wind by dusl slorm arld llle blovwoul ol
dunes and lore-shores
- vla waler llow by sheer eroslorl la generallsed
surlare llow on bare areas and eroplandsl. gully
eloslon leaused by eoneenlraled llow oyer deep but
unslable sedimenll, and lunnel erosion lsubesurlace
ssourlng o! solls below).
- vla soll rollapse or delloeelllalron lollowlng
lneleased sail boneenoallons lrl daysfntmn soi ,
Thus, lhe plucmem oi wlrldblealrs. m crops, and
lasl-spleadlng grasses slablllses erosion caused by