143 lines
6.0 KiB
Plaintext
143 lines
6.0 KiB
Plaintext
involved wlih gaseous enshange in lhe almospheie,
|
||
and also wrrh deep nurrrenl reeyeling while prairies ul
|
||
grasses, lorbs. and rheir assoemes ad more an lhe near
|
||
sail suriaee, and m copious produrers ul lhler and
|
||
shallow m masses (I95 l/ha yersusa loresrs me l/ha
|
||
in lhe lap 30 arn ol ioill bolh lune-ion lo romplei-nenl
|
||
rhe olher ir. dillerehl srrala of lhe soil/ almosphere
|
||
inlerlaie
|
||
|
||
The prolound dillerenee lies m lhe lnel Hm rhe
|
||
regenersrion l-irne alier "halves!” or removal ul all or
|
||
parl ol lhe slandrng crop is measured in deeddes ior
|
||
lives, and seasons or even weeks In: grasses, so rhal
|
||
yields horn lhe siandlriie Cmp iwherelhrseunsisls ol lhe
|
||
vegeiaiive pans ol lhe planes and nol lhe seeds. honey,
|
||
or lruusl may lavour grasses ll lhe lorssl rakes in years
|
||
lo regrow lram lhe ground level, lhen ir "ylelds" or
|
||
gains aboiil 2,5 l/ha/year ll lhe grasses ean be eul or
|
||
grased lwiee in a season men lliey ear. yield some la
|
||
l/ha/year Grasses do lhis by developing rhelr birds or
|
||
gmwlh poinis eluse In lhe ground, below an or browse
|
||
damage. and keeping a lol ol rheir rnasr m living roors
|
||
lam ar so ol lhe lulal biomassl, Trees, when eul, lose
|
||
mosl ul lheir menslems lgrewlh eenlrea or budsl and
|
||
have relauvely less roal “serves lless rhrn sour ul lheir
|
||
Mal massl
|
||
|
||
vields to people or eallle are noi, however, lhe
|
||
rmporlanl lanors in lhe susrainablhry ol syslema, as we
|
||
have ollen proved lo our eosl Trees boih shelrer.
|
||
provide i-iulrienr lo. and supply ollseason or
|
||
rbmplemeniary yields when grasses are alledcd by
|
||
droughl or eold H is, as ever. a mauer u! balansiiig lhe
|
||
eomponenls al lhesyslem so lhar brilh hees and grasses
|
||
ean serve lhe slabilily ol lhe whole, whzmcr we use
|
||
lhem or nul ll repays us loo, in lhe long lerm, hr see
|
||
lhai a balaneed syslem persisls in us yield, ralher lluan
|
||
our demands run u down lo a desemried endpoinl ul
|
||
low lnlal yield. Lilre maehines. plant syslems are ul
|
||
greaiesl benelil when lhey prove durable and reliable,
|
||
and weshauld always lhinli iil ”yleld” as (omplexed by
|
||
lhe kngth bl lime lhal yield ean be mainrained
|
||
Grasses, in elleei, eller lor our use only a lime parl o:
|
||
whai lhey have, while lorese rnalre mosr el iheniselves
|
||
Visible and available lsomeiirnes an {helix peril).
|
||
|
||
CnssLands lor ralher herblandsl he berween (meals
|
||
and deserls. Alpmc herblands he above lhe lreeline,
|
||
and below ire barren upper slopes o1 mounlams, as
|
||
savannahs lie belweeri hulmd rainloresl and deserts,
|
||
and revenue or shoreline herblields berween lhe lures:
|
||
and open waler. Grasses and herbs an always relreal In
|
||
The bulleeed almospheie ol lhe lupsoll and eseape mid
|
||
and heal, while lrees musi sland and endure lhe
|
||
ehanges oi seasons. Every lens: has he herbland edges,
|
||
eaehenaraeleruus onhal placesrul, arid hislory,
|
||
|
||
oi all ul eanhs greal plan! syslms. il is grasslands
|
||
lhal we mosr lavour by our use ol lire and plough
|
||
Waihng (or lhe righi wind and wealher, pie indusrrial
|
||
peoples senl rue across the dry grasses |U klll or invade
|
||
lhe 10M| edge We bullr niany iii our plains lhis way
|
||
lrom lhe edges ol wales and deserls lo lhe hilk and
|
||
valleys ol ha and risereslsranl [crests Maori, lnea,
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
66
|
||
|
||
and aborigrnal Ali-lean and Auslflhin peoples explored
|
||
by lire, and desiioyed Eomls lo do so, belund lhe lire
|
||
lronl, lrees lperhaps adapred by developing
|
||
hieresislanr balk. loliage, burizd buds, and hard seed>
|
||
advanee lo reoreupy lhe land, so lhal many plains have
|
||
a darls wet rainloiesr edge polzwanis, and a sayannah
|
||
Torr-er ol adapled lrees lrnasr are lireedependenll
|
||
lollowing along horn lhe direelion ol the her winds, It
|
||
is a comma“ pallern (o hnd lhese ~inoylng pliins" in
|
||
areas shll subyeel lo lire managemenl alane Eyenrually,
|
||
we loo beeonie dependeni on lhe grasses, lhe animals
|
||
lhal led on lhe-in, and lhe lhe
|
||
|
||
We flourish besl, however, on use lomskplam edges.
|
||
where we and our assoelaled animals ran prorir lrorn
|
||
bath herbland and loresk, ilnd we as ebnselous
|
||
designers need lo complex lhe agrieullural grass
|
||
dosens wiih inany mnie herb species, and Wilh elurnps,
|
||
lrnes,eiinlours, and valleys ol irees
|
||
|
||
"Grasslands unsuiled [or larming exl§| in every
|
||
eoniinenl, and lhere is surely no beher way in use il
|
||
lhan ru preserve us wrldhle ,, lsrie Dolly, mm In lael
|
||
must dry savannah veldl areas ul Ali-lea and Auslfllla
|
||
are unsuiied lnr larmmg, alihougli rieh in naiural
|
||
prolein yields leg kangaroo). We rriay never again
|
||
equal lhe produd yield ol lhe a: million bison on lhe
|
||
Amenean prairies, wilh rheir unnumbered associated
|
||
hordes ol pronghorii and mule deer, and a husl ol
|
||
mIer spenes, The so irr so large mimmls al Alrica,
|
||
and llie w assoeialed sperles o! nnlelopc can never be
|
||
equalled in lulal biomass. yield, or value iii the eanh by
|
||
a propped—up, energy—ennsurnlng and essenlially
|
||
rerrograde pasloral sysleiu oi a lew speeies oi dumtit
|
||
eallle and goat lloelis.
|
||
|
||
Russm has preserved and enerviiraged shiga ahlelope
|
||
llrom near errineeion in lhe law-s» lo over a million
|
||
loday, and ran eull .llwe omiese annually lur lood They
|
||
are lhe besi-adapled lundra animals The Lapps
|
||
Ilkewlse manage iheir reindeer, by rravelling wilh lhe
|
||
herds div rhelr migrauons. and lunnlchernobylll ioolra
|
||
susliinabk y ld horn lhe snb~iKhr meadows and
|
||
lichens rhal would be deslroyed by eulrivarion or
|
||
dislurbanee
|
||
|
||
Abmfl 24% oi lhe canh's surlaee is m some lorrn oi
|
||
grasslands, Originally, lhese were nor lhe simple
|
||
eras—legume or mono-(mp eereol siands “m we have
|
||
subsequenlly developed, bul eoiuahied many hundreds
|
||
bi plani speeles Even bi lhe irue grasses, wliieh
|
||
number 7.5m speeles, we now use only Mspeeier in
|
||
pavlures and less lhan 20 as grains, A rough elassih.
|
||
canon ol grasslands is as hollows.
|
||
|
||
Nansral
|
||
|
||
. Maiirilaiii nieiidaivs Called alps in SWI‘MrIand, lhey
|
||
are cflul nawererleh and leasl modified by man
|
||
|
||
- chiiuiii-rilal iiilrriiirs. Variousl, rermed priinli
|
||
pampas, veldi, lhey have been greally modified and
|
||
only eirisl as “serves
|
||
|
||
- savohiivlis or sealiered lree syslems. in thh
|
||
grasses may be less numerous lhan lorbs lnongrass
|
||
planrs such as bulbs, oKhlds, various llowers, sucnlr
|
||
lenls, annual or biennlal dimryleduns, lorage shrubs,
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|