122 lines
9.2 KiB
HTML
122 lines
9.2 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
|
||
<html>
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
|
||
<title> </title>
|
||
<meta name="generator" content="LibreOffice 4.2.8.2 (Linux)">
|
||
<meta name="author" content="Amr Gharbeia">
|
||
<meta name="created" content="20010831;5500000000000">
|
||
<meta name="changed" content="20150721;232619934226194">
|
||
<style type="text/css">
|
||
<!--
|
||
@page { margin-right: 1.2cm; margin-top: 1.2cm; margin-bottom: 1.25cm }
|
||
p { text-indent: 1.27cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm; direction: ltr; color: #99ccff; line-height: 120%; text-align: left; widows: 2; orphans: 2 }
|
||
p.western { font-family: "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; so-language: en-US }
|
||
p.cjk { font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt }
|
||
p.ctl { font-family: "Simplified Arabic"; font-size: 10pt; so-language: ar-EG }
|
||
-->
|
||
</style>
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body lang="en-GB" text="#99ccff" dir="ltr">
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt"><font color="#ff0000"><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>E<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" name="TtsOtkCLStr_01" align="right" hspace="5" width="175" height="66" border="0">instein’s
|
||
special theory of relativity.</b></font></font> To explain how
|
||
Einstein’s special theory of relativity can be true in a
|
||
spatiomaterial world is to show that the regularities it describes
|
||
can be constituted by substances of the kinds postulated by
|
||
spatiomaterialism, that is, that it can correspond to aspects of
|
||
space and matter as substances enduring through time.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">In
|
||
addition to the assumptions already made about the forms of matter
|
||
and the inherent motion in space in order to explain the truth of
|
||
classical physics ontologically, further assumptions about the nature
|
||
of space and matter will be needed to explain special relativity.
|
||
They are basically distortions of the kind that Lorentz described in
|
||
fast moving material objects before Einstein’s first paper (time
|
||
dilation and length contraction, though there must be compensating
|
||
changes in masses and longitudinal forces as well), though something
|
||
more must be said about the synchronization of clocks at a distance
|
||
in order to explain the truth of all the predictions of the special
|
||
theory. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">In
|
||
the first section, <font face="Arial, sans-serif">A Brief History of
|
||
the Special Theory</font>, I will give a brief history of how
|
||
Einstein’s special theory of relativity was accepted in order to
|
||
show that these distortions in fast-moving objects provide everything
|
||
required to explain why Einstein’s theory is true. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 3.81cm; margin-right: 2.03cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Lorentz
|
||
first described these distortions in order to explain the surprising
|
||
results of the Michelson-Morley experiment, which established that it
|
||
was not possible to measure the absolute rest and motion of a
|
||
material object by measuring the velocity of light relative to it.
|
||
But Lorentz’ theory was rejected in favor of Einstein’s special
|
||
theory of relativity, which took a radically different approach. That
|
||
was not a mistake within physics, because Einstein’s theory was
|
||
superior according to the empirical method of science of physics
|
||
(that is, inferring to the best efficient-cause explanation, or by
|
||
the criteria of predicting and controlling what happens). But
|
||
Einstein’s theory is not the best ontological-cause explanation of
|
||
the phenomena. Indeed, as we shall see when Einstein’s premises and
|
||
conclusions are explained ontologically, even its apparent
|
||
superiority as an efficient-cause explanation rests on an illusion.</font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">In
|
||
the second section, <font face="Arial, sans-serif">The Lorentz
|
||
Distortions</font>, I show how Lorentz explained the undetectability
|
||
of absolute motion or rest and the other distortions that are
|
||
required for all the laws of physics to hold the same way on a moving
|
||
inertial reference frame.</font></font></font></p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">In
|
||
the third section, <font face="Arial, sans-serif">The Symmetry of the
|
||
Lorentz Distortions</font>, I show how Einstein's definition of
|
||
simultaneity at a distance combines with the Lorentz distortions to
|
||
explain the puzzling symmetry about any pair of inertial reference
|
||
frames that is emphasized by Einstein in calling his theory a theory
|
||
of "relativity." This symmetry implies that inertial
|
||
reference frames are empirically equivalent as far as experiments
|
||
that observers on each frame can perform on one another are
|
||
concerned, and as we shall see, it is just an appearance that depends
|
||
on the mis-synchronization of clocks on inertial frames according to
|
||
Einstein's definition and how that combines with the Lorentz
|
||
distortions. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 2.54cm; margin-right: 1.27cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">In
|
||
the fourth section, <font face="Arial, sans-serif">The Ontological
|
||
Necessity of the Lorentz Distortions</font>, I will argue that
|
||
although the Lorentz distortions are new laws of physics, they have a
|
||
deeper explanation given our ontological explanation of the laws of
|
||
classical physics and a plausible assumption about the nature of
|
||
material objects (which will be justified later as a way of
|
||
explaining the truth of quantum mechanics and what physics now knows
|
||
about the microstructures of material objects). But given our
|
||
assumption about space being the medium of light transmission (that
|
||
space has an inherent motion), that conception of the nature of
|
||
material objects will make it possible to show that the Lorentz
|
||
distortions are not merely ad hoc assumptions made in order to retain
|
||
the belief in absolute space, as is often charged, but rather have a
|
||
necessity about them. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p lang="en-US" align="left" style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-right: 2.54cm; text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; line-height: 100%; widows: 0; orphans: 0">
|
||
<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3" style="font-size: 12pt">In
|
||
the end, therefore, we will see that, in making the argument for his
|
||
special theory of relativity, Einstein did not discover anything
|
||
about the natural world that cannot be explained by an ontology, like
|
||
spatiomaterialism, that implies that space and time are absolute. But
|
||
what is more, spatiomaterialism explains special relativity in a way
|
||
that removes all the mysteries about spacetime and makes it possible
|
||
to explain ontologically, as well, why Einstein’s general theory of
|
||
relativity is true. That will solve the main theoretical problem of
|
||
contemporary physics, the relationship between gravitation and the
|
||
other basic forces of nature, and it also has some surprising
|
||
implications for cosmology. </font></font></font>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|