131 lines
4.8 KiB
Plaintext
131 lines
4.8 KiB
Plaintext
Leaking down on a bare winier-declduuus bee, we
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see a lypiral iraelal, whrch we can also lind in lhe
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nilguriles isarid hised by lighrningl in sand dunes, and
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in lhe sharier zones ol explosions Tree roots are, in
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laei, a slow shaller nr explosion underground One
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way Io planl an apple iree in very hard gruund is lo
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delonale a small plug al gelignne a Yum or lwo belaw
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ihe surlace. lhe rooms will vallow ihe shaner palum,
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aml iunher elabomie ii.
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Seallers Mubptds may ar hisl seem lei presenl a class
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el events unrelaled lo eilher flow mudelr or Innshli,
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bui iracrals are being used l0 describe lhe scaners bl
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lree elumps in grassland, ar lichen on a sione in a
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sense, lhe surlace al spheroids crealed by branched
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phenomena (like lhe plan view 01 a lree rruwnl may
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shuw sueh apparenily randnm seallers as grawrh
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poinis, or a curved seeuoii shrough the cur or pnaned
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braiselus below lhe eiuwn ova nee wuuld also appear
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lo be a searier bl puinis (Figure mm These can be
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measured by iraeialanalysis.
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Fracial lheory may grve us a way lo measure,
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cumpuie, and design lor branched or seariered
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phenomena. bur we also need is undersiaird lhe
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physieal advanrages 9! developing ever rmrller
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canduils, Vngrl mall gives many insighrs inio ihis
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process and iis ellecis, Large sond are ol use ln
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mass lranspnri, bur barh the larninar llow paliems
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wiihin ihem and ihe laer lhai lhey havea small surlare
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area relalile m ihcir volume makes iheur inellicienl lor
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lhe ail/baron or maierials or lhe eondueiion o! heal
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aeruss iheir walls.
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Ever smaller rondulis have diileieni quail-res new is
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slow, alml lviseous in very small illbes or branches,
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direeliua changes in small branches are iherelure
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possible wilhoul ineurnirg iurlrulenee or energy losses
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Walls can be permeable, and ellleieni culleeiirrn,
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erehange, and lransler is eliecled (whdherci inalenals
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or physleal prsperlies such as heal and lighrl Many
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small epnduiis ellicienrly inlerpenelraie ihe exchange
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media
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Wherever ihere is a need (a calleel or dislribule
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maieeals, or Io irade boih ways wiih media, branching
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is an eneeliye response in design. lheieirrre, we need
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in use “mnny palhi“ in sueh siluahons as home
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gardens, where we are always lradlng nulricnu as our
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main aelivlly There is lime advaniage in lorrning ihese
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palhs as slraighl lines (spud is nor al lhe emense), but
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ralher in develop g a sel ul rill .1. ms or
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heyhuleshaped beds llhis is also lhe shape oi sacs in
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lungs) Cunyulured palhs rn gardens have lhe same
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eueei They eilher bring lhe gardener 1MB belier
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conrael wiih lhe garden, enabling colleelron and
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seryiring lo oecu r eieaie bener muiual exellange
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belweeir lhe spedes in lhe garden.
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The high-pressure/low-lluw naiure oi minor
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branches demands a very large luial eiosssecrional
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area bl ihese in relaliuir Io lhe main supply arreries.
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Such small eanduils may develop areas wruch m sum
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are 300-le limes ihal ul lhe supply arrery iour main
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nrads are lherellrre much less in area illan ihe laai
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vn
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lrachs rhar lead oii ihemi As an applied siralegy,
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muliiple small pallis enhanee aur aeeess lo loud
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sysielns, or in rm any syslem where we bmh lake and
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give maienals
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ln mgmlsms, lhe muluple braruhes give ihe being a
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chanee lo recover llvm iniury preserve inlurrnalion,
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and permir iegrowih in lhe evenl ol minor damage ii
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is a louleprboi sysiern oi inlerehange. Anoiher way to
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elled iniemhange is in elaboraie on lhe walls al larger
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enndulls by involuliuns, allached lins, irregular
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suriaees, or re ereaie spirals in fluids or gases by
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bending or s iralling lhe eenduils rhemselyes, and in
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general inducing a larger surlaer oi roniaei behveen
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ihe ulalerial branspoiled and the media wiih which we
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wish in udmlge nuirieiris, heal, or gases.
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branchrrig in lrees is as onen a mu“ oi errlernal
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larees lwind and sail pruning, secaceurs, or "used
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allaeki as il is a resull of mlernal cell panel-re; n is as
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much lomed upon Lhings as ii is lhe ~besl lhing he do:
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We musr lhereiure see lhe branched term as an
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inleraelian beiween an organism or process, lhe
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purpose ll serves, and ihe exlernal (Wm ul lhe media
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in which lhe organism is immersed (lhe lone: aeling
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on re exlmally io delorrn rhe perieel panernl
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Mung lhe slreainlines islesa el our model figuu
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Ln, iluids and gases may pass in eunduiis ar along
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'lraumlsslon colds", [nod and srgnals are relayed lo
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eells, and gases exchanged. Organs served by or
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serving ihese syslems are hallsmodels 0! our iree
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lhidireys, lungs» or branching lradals lmesenrerresl
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No mailer how long or rompkx conduiis are, in die
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end lhelr eonienis diverge, eseape, and disperse, and ac
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llie iniahe malerials are galllered Emm dlspersed
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saurees li is ilus galhe g and dispersal hum bolh
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FIGURE 4.2:
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NW1“!!! raerialised lur dilluslbn ul inlusibn llunirs, llmn-yx,
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muthms. palm has) ii usualysvhlrnla blallmlnvr and was»:
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a hall-mane in an. madluin lhe alvihli oi lhe lunux hinhei
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tar-ml: ihe mm: an: en a mud-elem semen
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