150 lines
5.3 KiB
Plaintext
150 lines
5.3 KiB
Plaintext
soll seruerure open, and lslrdlng ln lllrelr tunnels) arr as
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an rnnumerable army of plsrons Pumping arr m and
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our oi llre solls on a zenour eyele (more rapidly .l
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nlglul.
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ol lrremselves. alley are a larm ol wasle lecyelirrg
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produel, wullr a dry-wolglu prolem roulenl ol rrom
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some ll up lrorn lnedlble planl wasles Only a lew
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peoples ear worms drreelly, bul a llosr ol verlebrales
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lrom moles ro inrds, loaes ro risll depend largely on llre
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worm populalion as a slaple or srand-by load.
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Culrrvaled worms are mosl eommonly used as an
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addrove lo llle dlers oi livasloek llislll, poullry, pxgs}
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However, as processors or large ouanb'rres ol planl
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wasles and soil parrreles, worms can also aeeumulrre
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pollulanls rlr exlraardlmrily lllgll levels, DDT, lead,
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eadmium, and dmxms may be al levels in worms ol
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lrom H orzc runes llrglver rnan Ihe sorl leveb rarerl ln
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ouanrrry by blackblrds or malea, lne worms may
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become lerrlal rllal is, ll lrre "pests" rnar are moles,
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hlackhllds, and small nawlrs abound ou larms, lllere ls
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al leasr some rndioarlon ol soll lleallrr. where lllese are
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absull, rr is an omlnous and obvroua warning lo us he
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erreek llre sorl rleell lor rasrdual biocldes
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As nnnrsaelmsls, mosl gardeners deprived ol
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alomre ray sped-meters, a banery oi reagenls, and a
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low m. r. researen dollars murl look la srgns or
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lreallllr susll as llle buds, repriles, worms, and plarus a!
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lllerr gardenrfarm Fm mysell, m a rruly nalural
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garden l have come ro expeel |n see, near, and bad
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evldencr or abundanl rerrelrrale llle nus, and lrus
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alone, reassures rne llrrr invenebrales srlll innve llnere
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I know ol many larrns wnere neuller budr oor worms
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ealsr, and l susped mar lbelr pmduels aredangrrous la
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all lrle iorrns
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All modern evldense Igrws on due value ol worms
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m llelds, as dccumposels and manure recyclers They
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may be even more valuable as garbage dlsposal
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svslems. and as llsll or poulrry loadl provrdlng a mass
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orlugllr_pmleln lood lmm vegelable wasles.
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8,13
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DIFFICULT SOILS
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CONCREI'IONS mu mus
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Several rypes ol eonrreoon m eemerlred parueles oeeur
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ln sous. mereare eommonly lllre inflowlng
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r CALCRETE leolrrlre. plalrrl, lunkrvl rs a hard,
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mainly level subsurlaee ranemrrorl aboul 05—an m
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below a granular or sandy lopsoll. lypleal ol eoral
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rslarlds lcalrrum rl-lpnorplralel. and llre downwind
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areas ol desora borders, Calaele musl be broken open
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lo planl lrees. or are mots wlll spread our lrlerally,
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allowlng windvmmw lo omrr. on arolls, huh-water
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deposrrs develop below me ealrerle
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Emken calielle ean be used as a bluldmg malerral
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arid also lorms a sale root lor lunnels or dugouls
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Calelum/rr-agrr m sorrerellon, worsened by me
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addulon or superplluspllaae. ls wrrrllsll lo rmamy. ln
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208
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aeid lvlneearl, ealerele releases bubbles ol earbon
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dr e.
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- 5mm lmrguprol ls a grey lo red shiny nard
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layer developed below some tmpltdl lorerl solls, wluerr
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glvas a glassy surrase il lorasls are cleared nre roll is
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rounded by sillu deposlls. ll Inch deposrls lie below
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lolesls, u rs unwise m elear llle loresl Hull, 2 rran.
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Slllca-«Inrnled non—welung hnriznn, earrlly, brillle,
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round only m volcanle areas. A wn ll .
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oeeurr In many soil typls, nol voleame, serm—arld, and
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is la em-ao mu melresloaa leer) rnlelr.
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r mam lloroeemerleed pans and soil layers
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of varying nairlsness, somerlmes as rram sandy layers ol
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rem mm, also alumina-non larerller (01ml rapping
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dssen lulls wnh veins ol sllerelel or lmmmanganere
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nodular hormone in soils. rerrrerele may lie over pale
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bauxflls,znd u also ralled rrorlalone, plmrllire 9mm
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oeeurs m podzols as rrorl-organre llrard a honwns.
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m ls a llllrek sandy eonee-eolouled llarrzon,
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low in iron and euily broken; ii a eommou llorauon
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ln numle podaols Dungg p s (cm llard “lira—hon
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ups or. lulls ln deserb.
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- PLDUCH rams are usually clay-based corn-
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parled layers developed below eruplands rn wel
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per-rods, lime an be eaused by mouldboard plougns
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All or me above need rippmg eaplosrve shallenng,
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or deep mulell pus lo esulbllsll lreas Sodlum ln SmIs
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may developa "cullapsed” eemeuled, greylslr. gravelly
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pin lSOLCRETE) impermeable ru waler. Only
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deep-roored lreos, reduerion ol so“, and lulmus relleve
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llreae eemenled rond 'nlls Deep drainage ol lez rn ls
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essenllal ldr salled soils
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Conereled soil layers lealeiurn or sllreaeemenledl
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are rlre ealcreres rrulrelre, plalml ol dry islands and
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roasls, or me lerrrererea llroneemerrredl 0d deserls
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Any or all may lorrn dul-lerusls lrlavd laym) n eroded
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areas, lindu some |mplml ralnioresl le 3. m Ecuador},
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an lronerlre. pan wllrelr lollows lull eoruours, loeally
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lermed mngugull lies 3 rn below llle loresls, u is a
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daunlrng 5);!“ lo see rmr glassy and impermeable
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surraee aller rlle removal or leresr and a eonseouerrr
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loss or mpsoilv Wllere rarrgrgoa rs knuwn lo ealsl.
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perpetual lomsrs used (or produels orller lllan llrerr
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wood (honey, iruils, medielrlesl are llle only
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suslarnable use at lands
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NON-WmlNG SANDS AND CLAYS
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Some elasses or very llne blackish sands, and stud;
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invaded by nydroplaoble So|| rungl, are dllfimll ro aver,
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lrle wrler sus ml lop ar droplels There are several
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remedles lor flu: in gardens
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- lodge sail or make basms.
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Every square melre, rare oar sand and drop m a
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loam or dIy-luam plug u—lu em by 30 em deepl
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~ Composl llrorougrlly and bdrld up organle marenrl
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lo bar or surlase soll
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- Add a llandlul or benlonue per souare merle, or
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powdered slay nom elay panr.
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- Mulen thmughly, and planl Keep surlaoe mulch
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