152 lines
5.9 KiB
Plaintext
152 lines
5.9 KiB
Plaintext
e. eliisel plough or soil condiaioner is a mngulu
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sieel lraane liool barl lowed by mom or drangha
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animals, ao which a niirnber ol shanks are anached
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lhese are narrow-edge (axesedgedl lorwndflrved
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remeal llaa bars ro lhe poinr ol whieh a slip—on sreel
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shoe is araashed, The shaniss clainp m ahe tool-bar
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rrarne. and ahe poinas ao rhe shank Eyen one
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iinpleniena ol 5 shanlss lzseso b.h,p armor) covers a
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loa ol eonniry. there are now aa leasi SIX or seven
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makers ol soilduosenlng inachines, in rhe USAi
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Europeandluisar a.
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Geo" Wellaee has produced a soil (ondlunner oi
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grear elleeoveness. A eiaeiilar eoiiher sliis rhe gmund,
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whioh rnnsa be neiaher loo dry nor loo wea, and ahe slil
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is lollowed by a saeel shoe whieh opens lhe ground up
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ao lorin an air poelrea wiahoiia inrnlng ahe soil aver,
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Seed ran be dropped in ahin lnrrows, and beans or
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men seeded in this way grow (hmugh ahe exashng
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grass No lereiliser or lopeaiessing is needed, only lire
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benelirial ellea ol enarapped air beneaih rhe carali, arid
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ahe iolloereiip work bl soll lile and planr mots on (he
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re—opened soil.
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this new growth as men haid—grared, oeoar and lela
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aolie,1'he planrs, shocked. lose rnosi ol ilieir rooi rnass
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and seal aheir wounds The dead more add eoniposl ha
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ihe soil, as does rhe (m lolrage or aninral droppings,
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giving lood ao ahe soil baerena and earahwornis, and
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solluullg ihe snraare. As soon as alie grazing or ciiaaing
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as lirnshrd, ehisel again al 11—30 can (9—! * hesl, on
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lhe sanie paherri as beloie, (in): or on ag ernsel
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again aa Lug ein. Graze or all
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Dining rhis proeess, olaen a mailer oi a oneyear
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cyele, rhe pashiie ahiekens, weeds are swamped wilh
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grasses and leg-ones, myriad rooas have died and
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added hirnnis, and rhonsands ol snbsnrlaee aunnels
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lead horn valley ao ridge, so rhar all waacr flows down
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inlu ahe soil and oiii ao lire ridges Eanhwnrms breed in
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lhe green manure, baeaeria nnilriply, and borh add
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manure and innnels m ilie wil A 23 eni (9 inehl
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bhnku ol aeraied and living soil rovers ihe earah
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Dnsr, deep rooas, rain, and lhe bodies ol soil
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orgarnsrns all add essenaial niirrienrs The eornposred
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soil is, in essenee, an enormous sponge whldl rerrins
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air and waier, and ii only needs a wauhiiil eye and an
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oeeasional chiselling in pasinre (or a loresa ao be
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planeedi ao rnainiain ahis eondrrion.
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ll bee seed, soybeans, airllel or oiher eiop is iii be
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planied, lhe sequenee is as lollows, alrer a lew hard
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grarings or niowrngs, a seed box is rnoiinied on ahe
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ehisel plongli lrairie, and ahe aeed plaeed in lhe chisel
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narrow, lhe yazlng or mowing iollows geraninaiion ol
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ahe seed nose new planislsiinlloweis, irnller, anelorisl
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grow lasaer lhan lhe shocked pasaiiie, and can be lei
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go, headed, or cornbineliarvesced beloie lhe grasses
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reeover There is ncver any bare culhvallon, and grain
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growers an more lo a niinirranni lillage rneahod ol
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cropping wuh lallowsol pas-nae beeween eiops.
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Sm} aeinpeeaenie is gieaily modified, as as soil waler
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reaenhon Geoll Wallace (perseornrru recorded as iniich
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as we (25¢) inerease on rreaaed versus unmamd
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soils in anaiirnn. This lneeeased aernperaaiire is
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generaled boah by die biologiaal aebvaiy ol sin soil and
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ahe air poelreas lelr by lhe ehiselepoanls aa variaus
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depahs, and enables earlier and inore irosaesensiaive
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eiops lo be gmwn
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Nodiilarion (a! niarogeneliirrng baraerial is giearly
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inereased, as is ahe brelkdnwll ol snbsiiil and rock
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paeocles by earbonie aeid arid rhe hnrnic aeids ol iooa
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decay Merhane generared lrorn deeay aids seed
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gerrninaaion, and waaer leyen in downponrsi lreely
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passes inni, noa oil, lheso Alaer a year or so, vehicles
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can be arlreri on ahe previonsly boggy cnunlry wiahoiil
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smkmg in, Drougha elleeas are greally reduoed by soil
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waaer smeage.
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Waaer, liliered rhroiigh soil and lining rooas, rains
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clear rnao dams and overs, and arees inalse greaaly
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increased growdl diie ro ahe eoinbined lacaors oi
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increased war-mm waaer, ioor rain. and deep numerals
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raileiiolsauv lin Japan) rises ra ' la and Arms;
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Abroans iise Arm olbida or clyrieidia. New ennieans
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nae Casnarina; and Mediaeri-inean laoreis iise lamarrr
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lor biological ”diiszl plough" where land rs mo sleep
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and saony lor irnpleinenis. Othuwue lhe "gun or em
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and let e" method is soil hallowed. 0n sneh drifieiila
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rerrsin as bonlder lields, dnnes, sleep slopes, and
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laieribes, loresas bl mixed Iegume/non—ksuml erops
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l riis, oliye, pine, nak) are lhe besa perinanenr
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solii ion ao soil eoiaservalion
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No inaner how we aeraae sail liar eondiaion all,
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wheahee wilh humble irnplernenas Iik: a garden lork
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leyered slighaly, by planaing a dalkun radish, or by
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sheer ineehanieal power, we can soon lose lhe
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advances: oi looseness and penearabiliay by over-
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sroelring, cropping, heayy aeallie, or helvy-hmved
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anirrials saoeloed in we. weaaher. All ol ahese png or
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eonipress ahe soil mm a solid saaie again. rrnal
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siilniions lie only in lollowing on wrui pernianena and
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deeperooled planas lioresis or prunes}, and by
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inainraining good inanagernena lniiniiniiin arllagei
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eiopprng.
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Any rediieiion in enlaivaiion saves energy and soils.
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and wherever "(Manage sysaenas ean be dev'ud, and
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heayy hooled anioials key! to a ininlinnan, soil
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srrnehire ran be repaired,
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inlense hie, inlense slodung, inlense cropping, and
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inrensive prodiie ii all ahreaaen soils Thns,
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ineehaniral soil rehabiliaaiion an be a onehnie and
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benelicral proress, or anoiher way ao wasle energy
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every year lr is rlie nsages (hat rollow on rlr
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habrlilaoon ahaa are benelieial or desiraieaive lo
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rhelong aeeni.
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Medumcnl loosening ol so appropnaae ion lhe
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broad sealel lo alrnosi all agi-ioilniral soils ahaa have
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been eornpaeaed Soils wiah eoarse paeeieles, ol einder,
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or diaries do noa benelii born or need loosening. and
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very slony or boiildeeeoil miqun-s are appropriaaely
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rehabiliaaied nor by rrieehanieal bail by organir lroor
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peneararionl methods, as are soils on sleep slopes,
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50ml soils llilre volunic soils wlah perrnanena
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pasaiiiesl iriay lam/:1 lose sieneanre, and will inainlain
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219
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