134 lines
3.5 KiB
Plaintext
134 lines
3.5 KiB
Plaintext
planls lale in me cycle
|
||
|
||
lr rs alwavs an advanlage {osmium-[mull banlrs and
|
||
surmunds ed man a molar or seyrlre can be used until
|
||
llre selarlcd plan‘s rake me. Trees are a danger rm dam
|
||
walls, l/rnev lall land inc-y oireu do rn lnose mndruonsl
|
||
[hey rake parl oi rne wall wnh llrcm, inn bambods,
|
||
ginger. svvcel prrrale, pepine, and rlrrmp grasses asslsl
|
||
hank slabllrsarrnn Trees ar the hair dl walls are
|
||
aduanrageous rn Shading. remuving waler, and
|
||
redudng weeds
|
||
|
||
The 'nrl and pin” planhng palrer-a cl Figure am rs
|
||
an enecrrve mnlml rn overgraled, erbded. mined or
|
||
bulldozed srles U lyres are avarlaole, rne "pans" an be
|
||
made learn rnese. lrlled wl|h rnralcb, anol llre diversion
|
||
drarns led rn above rne rrsad level. Fm people wrrn
|
||
access ro lees. irrese can be slalred ends—slope, an a
|
||
slrgnl downhill grade so rlral waler is made lo gang
|
||
aeross lne erosrun rare. and hem absorb imp ilre
|
||
gmund
|
||
|
||
Even small lags and lvranelres, pegged across eresian
|
||
enannels, burld up a layer—cake pl silr and leaves,
|
||
beside wnrelr an be planled willow, Amid, or any
|
||
orlrer trams—roared and hardy apeeles, whxh men Id
|
||
as a permanenr srlr lrap Mulcn benrnd logs and
|
||
barriers qnlckly sraa sea lne seed bed ipr planling,
|
||
Fallen leaves and scarrered dung xlw aseumulale in
|
||
illese mirudelras so prerlrlde planl numenrs, Small wire
|
||
nerrrng lenees. wirlr sranc—weiglned hay uplrill, wlll
|
||
irap sail and spread warer, as wall eresseswales o!
|
||
lemangeass or vaer grass
|
||
|
||
on my sleep slepes, there is olien ne mum ollrer
|
||
man in planl pampas, bamboo, lemongrass, and mok
|
||
mai proneers and lo mak: upslape planrings ol dusk
|
||
nur, Amnfl, earob, ollvr or diner large species wnien
|
||
will easeade seed dawnslope over rrrrle wnere
|
||
implemenrs suell as enlsel ploughs can be used. rirese
|
||
are eliecuve rrr erosron eonrrol Planned eruselling and
|
||
planling makes a permanenr and srable enange an
|
||
nlllslde nelails on gully eanrml in drvlarrds and in
|
||
nopreal nurrud areas are gum in subsequenr enaplers.
|
||
|
||
94
|
||
|
||
SLOPE MEASURES
|
||
|
||
slopes are measured and expkssed in several ways,
|
||
mm, are dope can be measured as DEGREE FROM
|
||
THE HORIIDNTAL, er rlre bag Ins}: al figure 9.2
|
||
|
||
This expM as “a slope 0115 degrees", and is
|
||
somelrmes used by geologrsrs to deserrbe lire p
|
||
(angel of luck srrara
|
||
|
||
Near, rne w between honmnlal and vernal an be
|
||
divided inrd lilo parls. and expressed as rm
|
||
CENTACB,A measure used by engineers.
|
||
|
||
finally. slope ean be expressed n meromoNs or
|
||
alias al base to nergnr, eg. u a slope l uml nlglr,
|
||
way. a base I unirs lang nus rs rlre nae oi alepe over
|
||
drsrarree, plren used [or dr ns and pipes, in unirs used
|
||
by nvdrologrsrs Many irrigarrpn drains use slopes al
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
230
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
FIGUIE I z
|
||
SLOPE Mmunzmim
|
||
|
||
Errflfnwlfiud I:deams,pllwll3fi«. mammal-III (45-.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
amass (mi . awn 517x}
|
||
|
||
REE-0W <w(l.z-us‘-
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
'1-7-5'
|
||
k ens is
|
||
.1952)
|
||
(re . ls-
|
||
urel an; A» sins new.)
|
||
FIGHHK u
|
||
SLOPE unsunwsm lrmmmansl
|
||
|
||
Ynelommmsdwmmmnlslomimummull own.
|
||
lune a! sail mm l
|
||
|
||
mo la Luna, or a lall l m rn 500 up man rm and
|
||
rnese are reremd id as "grades" irigure m.
|
||
|
||
Coarse slopes are men expressed in degaees, lowe
|
||
slope dramage anus slopes es a pmposraan um»).
|
||
Any uruls serve lor pmparlremal or degree measures,
|
||
|
||
inane are sulrable hug-(ion grades lor saris and
|
||
drains rlne sands need very genlle drainage slope
|
||
il 2mm and eanlr earls in sand need an easy angle pl
|
||
resl, abour 1-45 Table 9.1 mikzs clear some slepe
|
||
implirarlpru
|
||
|
||
sraple nallrral ioorlull slopes are nor srraigru inn
|
||
down-earned ieoneavsl. Wllen burldlng a road, ii is
|
||
well co remember lhal my will ithleve a concave
|
||
eurve by slurnp over rune, sn ii is bfil lo eui [his eurve
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|