memex/0_inbox/books/PDM/Bill Mollison - Permaculture A Designer's Manual text/247.txt

augers lo l in (3 Ice!) are used al rrunes, and inosl earry
eriensrons lo inake a 2 rn wide shall, Very large
pneuinahr blowers are mnemonnled hr rernove loose
normals, and are oherr loeally node as as lhe Coooer
redy opal inines in Ausrralia, large—bore drills lhere
are called oldwells alber lhe invenlor and are used (or
underground housing, ereavallon, shalls. and lunnels
up rol 5 in is leelldrarneoer

aploslves are o1 rnosl use lo assrsl auger holes in hard
ground, lo rnake holes in olherwise unsublz ground
sueh as inaishes, or lo loosen roek in qnames mrh lhe
advenl ol lhe swarnp lrarlor, rnarsh olasling is less
eooirnon, our lhe bisxc ease and elleeriveness ol
explosives should riol be overlooked where lhey can
solve seine olherwise rnliaelrble problems.

Nllroglyeerlrie leellulose lrealed wilh aeid, in
glyserrne, absorbed inlo wood dusl or elay earlhsi as
gelignile, dynamrle, or plaslique is an inexpensive way
or solve sorrie earth—moving problems Even elieaper is
lhe nux ol arninonruin nrlrale serliliser and dieselrne
known in lhe lrade as ~ehrekerishrl" lnrlrales have lioiri
anrieril lirnes been gaiheied lioiri nianuie, around lhe
soil ol luilel prls, or exlrarled by washing and
evaporallon lrorri guanol.

old ~reeipe~ books give doreiis ol ieliable recipes lor
rheap Elploslves, and errn cusrard powder, llrrrrr, rir
larepowder will blow a 100m aparl, as will lhe lunies
irorn elher or dornesiie gases l once worked as a
' glassblower, and nianaged lorenirir .illdnors
and windows lruni iriy room by alluding elher lo
evaporale lrern a bollle Earllev, as a haker in my
lather: husiriess, | erealed some speelarular llashes
rising plain llour near open llaines

Today. we inusl lake a rourse lo oblaiii a "ponder
monkey" eerlirreale in order lo sol our own explosives.
or we should hire skilled people, leslerday lpree
rerrorrsll, we simply rnade lhe slull up and lel il go,
wilh siripiedielable iesulls and ollen loo rnurh olleel

 

Hflnulxr eo
There are several ways in whrrh lhe duiel bur poweer
aerron or waler iris asslsr our endeavours. Firsrly, a
sirriple lel norale hxtd inside a pipe and eonneeoed |o a
garden lap may well serve lo drill a waler bore la waler
spearl in a few niirirrles or hours in sands, gravrls, or
deep roilr Secondly, an old hosepipc raslened lo a
sharpened pile or posl and eonneeled lo a here will
serve lo sink ,elly pilings in sill or sand in very lrllle
lriiie

A M prunp leninnreieially avarlablel will reinove sill,
sedirnenl. niulrh, and even large gravel born a darn.
and deposil iheee behind a reiarnrng wall as rash lerrrse
soil, while lhe wrier nows bark lo lhe darn Las|ly, )as
liied as loose sedimenl washes down gravels, sands,
and sods lor rninriig, as lerraoes, or lo ierriovelaivd slips
lroui roads and lields Quire precise eonlrol ol such
aehon is aehievable

Hydraulrr nozzlzs, drills“, and lei purnps are all

inade by lnduslry lo serve lheae purposes, arid also lo
sleer deep drills in boreholes lu sperrrir loealions
underground when rapprng lherrnal energy, or lor
venling uunes and raves Again (as wilh erplosivssl ll
is enough lo knuw lhe range ol user, keep lheni rri
rnind, and lo gel good adviee il lhe need arises,
lnadverienl rel drilling has a powerhrl pulling r
and iel purnpswilh lheiririorors, rails, or plalloriris ran
be dragged lielow waler or across lhe gmund il one rs
lell unallended. cerarronally, a garden hose will bury
iisell in sandy soils in lhis way and so be losl

rowerlul air reis new lake grave-ls lioin rnines in
much lhe sairie way, and a whole series ol rurbines and
powerlul prslons operale lroin pressure applied by
waler, air, or erl (me serenre is applied hydraulirs, or
pneuniairrel, A lei plus a eulrrng drill will eool lhe area
and remove wasle, in one operadon.

 

 

Finishing

Rakes and mllm are lhe lools lor linishirig erravaled
earlh; lhe loriner lo line level, lhe larrer lo eoiriprei.
Cornparriori is only neeessary vvhere harrie or waler
relenlion is inlended, bur where rl is neeessary my
need lo be aeeoiiipariied lay waler sprinkling in dry
(ondinom Care niirsl be laben lo rompael only I540
ern «H2 rnrhrsl ol soil lhoroirghly al a nine Even very
heavy inarhines ean seldurn cernpacl deplhs greaier
lhnn 38 em lls inehesl, and inipaei or hand rorriparlien
is ellerliie lur less lhan hall lhal deplh ii is neeesrary
|u sinrily adhere lo lhis earehrl eoinprelion lur darns
and house loundaiurns Modern eoinparling inaerirnes
rillen iibrale. using a pneunihlir ur mechanreal
eererilrie wriphl lo irnpael and shake soil as H is
eerihpaelrd

9,9
EARTH RESOURCES

whenever earrh is moved, ll seldom reveals a uriiiorrn
eoniposriion; in laei, rnosl excavlhun reveals rrialerrals
already sorred by nahire, and m‘ speeilrr use. To mix
lhein up is lo set brck lhe clo<k a lew lhousaiid years,
and lhe supervising designer or properly owner will do
well lo lollow every ereavalor lanirrial or leelinolegieall
and pul aside lhe rollowrrig

TOPSOIL Tapsml rs lhe onen darle rocH'llled living
surlaee oi lhe oarrh II is lo be oarelully slripped nfli
piled aside, and larer rerurned over olher nialerlal onlo
lianlsi, over prdr or lields, and even below waler in
ponds. Topsoil an be very lhin and rare, and is usually
no more lhan us our deep Where deeper, rl ran be
sprerd ori poorer soils in help ihern pruduee. or
poekeled (or lrees in poor soil areas

was. Excavauon iii rriarsher, bogs, or lowlands
niay reveal H in run leellol senir-oouiprcled rilnous
planl dialerial Mosl can be sloekprled, olherwrae no in
:2 leell or so rerurried lo lhe surrare as lor lopsoll The
pear sioekpile is rnrisl ialuable lor in ing wilh sands

 

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