1002 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
1002 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
#LyX 1.6.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\author ""
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\author ""
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\end_header
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\begin_body
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\begin_layout Title
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Reclaiming Grounds: How the Blogsphere Supports Egypt's Rising Social Movement
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\begin_inset Note Note
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Working-title is very bad
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Author
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Amr Gharbeia
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset CommandInset toc
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LatexCommand tableofcontents
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Part
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Introduction
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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My own experience is that Internet was only an entrance to Egypt's political
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scene.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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My first post began with a suicidal note, as well as different campaign
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banners.
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Throughout the early years of my experience as a blogger/activist, I had
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to deal with my diagnosis as a bipolar.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Having been a witness and a contributor to much of the narrative, and in
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order not to present this as a personal account, I will put my personal
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remarks and experiences in the footnotes, unless unavoidable.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Part
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Beginnings
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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The Commentators
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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R
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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R
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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, Digressing
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Digressing
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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, Baheyya
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Baheyya
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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, Socrates
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Socrates
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\SpecialChar \ldots{}
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Building the Network
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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An affinity group.
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This small network of people formed the model for the later bigger internet
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activism
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Other circles
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Old MB
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Alexandria
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Cairo/activists
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Mansoura
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Fayyoum
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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The Aggregator
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapterprecis
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Talking to a public
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Paragraph
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The aggregator's main achievement was not excluding any speech\SpecialChar \@.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Paragraph
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Alaa is the closest to Slavoj Žižek
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\noun on
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Slavoj Žižek
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\noun default
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you find in Egypt
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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Picked up by the MSM
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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AlHayat: Amina Khairy and Jihad alKhazin
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Dostour
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Dostour
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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Zilaqi
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Zilaqi
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Amira Howeidy
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Quotation
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"a new dynamic that will shape the future of the movement for change.Al-Ahram
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Weekly | Voices of dissent
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\begin_inset Flex URL
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/748/eg9.htm
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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"
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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AlJazeera documentary
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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10 O'Clock
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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25 May 2005
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapterprecis
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The Emergence of Citizen Journalism
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Unlike East European movements, Kifaya was born in the Popular Committee
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for the Support of the Palestinian Intifada, and the Anti-war movement.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Although having a belley dancer and at least one openly homosexual person
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in the movement (as open as can in the country), Kifaya collectively tended
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to side those issues and focus only on Gamal Mubarak assention to power.
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The lack of any social and economic detail in Kifayas discource meant its
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end and failure to achieve its decalred goal, even though one can assume
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that a larger and more important goal has been unintentionally achieved,
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namely reclaiming the right to protest and exposing protests to the media,
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which helped lead to the largest wave of protests based on social demands
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in the life of the Egyptian republic, second in Egypt's modern history
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only to the 1946-1947 protests, allegedly aborted by the 1952 coup by colonel
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Nasser.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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The Blogger/Activist
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapterprecis
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One foot in the blogsphere and one foot in the streets
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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The first campaign
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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The democratization movement goes back to the second intifada 2000
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Noam Chomsky, Failed States, p169
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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'In recent years, probably the most important democratising force has been
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AlJazeera, the primary reason why it is so dispised by Arab tyrranies and
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Washington.' chomsky
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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Absolute Free speech
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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The human rights movement, where it is right now, is being left behind in
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the realm of Internet\SpecialChar \@.
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In the eyes and experience of those of us living
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online, the notion that freedom of speech --- protected
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\emph on
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and
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\emph default
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enforced by law --- in effect belongs to decades ago in a different domain\SpecialChar \@.
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At least by design, internet is anarchistic and against regulation (although,
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in effect, and as we shall see in
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Kareem Amer
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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||
Kareem Amer
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||
\end_layout
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||
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Where the Free Kareem campaign went wrong
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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||
Abu Islam
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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||
Abu Islam
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||
\end_layout
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||
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\end_inset
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||
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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Torture
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Ethics
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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Judiciary
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\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Section
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Alaa
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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||
Alaa
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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and Malek
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Malek
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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detention
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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Citizen Journalists
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\end_layout
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||
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\begin_layout Section
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Referundum
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Elections
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||
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Sinai border sit-in
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Mahalla
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Torture
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Sudanese
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Alexandia Sextarian Strike
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Haisam and a Third Brother of Ours
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Mounir
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Mounir
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Kafr alElw
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Qorsaya
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Gaza
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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sexual harassement
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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Trouble
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Morad
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Morad
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\end_layout
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||
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Bloggers detained
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Technology
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Workers
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Part
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Banned from Public Discourse
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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Muslim Brotherhood
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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Communists
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\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Standard
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||
In a part of the world filled with religious sentiments, the only metaphysical
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experience communists may know is torture\SpecialChar \@.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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Bahia's, and religion in IDs cards
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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Homosexuals
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\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Homosexuals
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\end_inset
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||
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||
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||
\end_layout
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||
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\begin_layout Standard
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veiled women chatting about nice outings with openly gay Egyptian men.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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Women
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Leila
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\begin_inset Index
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||
status collapsed
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||
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||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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||
Leila
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\end_inset
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||
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||
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Standard
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||
Mansoura girl
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Chapter
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Anti-Muslims
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Part
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||
Campaigns
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Chapter
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Judiciary
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Chapter
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||
Obscenity
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Chapter
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Kareem
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\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Standard
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||
Solidarity with Kareem and debate around him was one reason the blogsphere
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||
emerged as a community.
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||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
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The difference between the local and international campaign: focus on legality
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rather than speech.
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Chapter
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Alaa and Malek
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\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Chapter
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||
Monem
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||
\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
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||
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||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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||
Monem
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\end_inset
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||
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||
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||
\end_layout
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||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
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||
Sayyida
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Chapter
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||
Sectarian strife
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||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Part
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||
Dynamics
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||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
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||
Shaping the Media Agenda
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Section
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||
sexual harassment
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||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
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||
Building the social network
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||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Section
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||
Mobile
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||
\end_layout
|
||
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||
\begin_layout Subsection
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||
Twitter
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||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
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||
Buck http://twitter.com/jamesbuck/status/786571964
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||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
Coordinating follwing Malek while detained in a blue transport in Tahrir
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||
square.
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||
Turned out that the 8
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||
\begin_inset Note Note
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||
status open
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||
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||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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||
Check the number
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\end_inset
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||
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||
other people with him at the back of the transport were soldiers put their
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||
by police officers to 'control' Malek.
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||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsection
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||
Move to Jaiku
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||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
After Twitter's decision to stop SMS support in all countries except US,
|
||
UK and India, the Doweiqa rockslide triggered another need for networked
|
||
communication while on the move.
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||
Talking to Malek over the phone, he asked me to spread the news on Jaiku.
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||
On 15 September 2008, Malek sent a tweet from the web
|
||
\begin_inset Flex URL
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||
status open
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
|
||
http://twitter.com/MaLek/statuses/922159676
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||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
asking if anyone needs Jaiku invites (Jaiku is still in beta at the time).
|
||
A number of people had Jaiku accounts already.
|
||
Malek's tweet, however, revitalised those users, and invited helped to
|
||
move the rest of the blogger/activist network over to Jaiku.
|
||
By 19 September 2008, the move was almost complete.
|
||
\begin_inset Note Note
|
||
status open
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
Thank Mostafa for the help on this one.
|
||
We are chatting on midnight 24 September 2008.
|
||
He pointed my attention to the swift move.
|
||
I added this is a good time to introduce the decentralised, open social
|
||
network now, as the situation helps explain how it is superior.
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
Mostafa wrote:
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
MalekX, after weeks of twitter announced end of SMS to international users,
|
||
decided to twitter about Jaiku with enthuthiasm and started to send invites.
|
||
He also blogged about it and created a how to help people enter their phone
|
||
numbers.
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
I think people who were reluctant at first decided to migrate when they
|
||
found a considerable number of people joining the other network ..
|
||
and most importantly found out that conversations started to take place
|
||
in the new land
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
secondly some decided not to cut off communication with their original network
|
||
by using ping.fm
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
tab3an, when people found out that SMS worked they were convinced with the
|
||
migration
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
however now people are doubtful of Malek's prophecy and are making a golden
|
||
calf
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
also malek responded with technical support to people who wanted help with
|
||
jaiku
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
his first message mentioning Jaiku invitations http://twitter.com/MaLek/statuses/
|
||
922159676
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
I guess the migration was almost complete by the 19th of September
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
Mostafa then, being the geek he is, continued:
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
you can plot the number of twitters from the core members of the network
|
||
23:59:53 Mostafa Hussein over time 00:00:58 Mostafa Hussein and
|
||
plot the number of jaikus from the same core members and superimpose them
|
||
to get an idea of the migration ..
|
||
ya3ny tab3an this is difficult bas will be interesting
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||
Jaiku
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
On 6 December 2008, Ahmad Abdelfattah sent a Jaiku message saying 'arrested'.
|
||
Abdelfattah was taking part in a caravan to break the siege on Gaza.
|
||
Several other caravans were stopped on the way before crossing into Sinai.
|
||
This was the first caravan to go after the Administrative Court decided
|
||
the police will not stop such caravans.
|
||
The caravan started in front of the State Council, and a press conference
|
||
was planned in the Journalists Syndicate in case of abortion.
|
||
Ahmad was reportedly picked up in front of the Syndicate and was kept for
|
||
the day between Doqqi Police Station and State Security Headquarters in
|
||
Doqqi, until he was released early evening.
|
||
Abdefattah was picked up from the street before he reached the busses.
|
||
Blogger and journalist Sarah Carr followed the case upclose.
|
||
I notified Gamal Eid of the Arabic Network for Human Rights Infromation,
|
||
who made sure a lawyer is sent.
|
||
I was informed by Mohamed Gaber.
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
http://scarr.jaiku.com/presence/50064869
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
Bloggers Mohamed Adel and Mohamed Khairy had been respectively kidnapped
|
||
and detained for trying to join similar caravans in the past months.
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||
Mostafa started http://jaiku.com/channel/gaza during the Israeli assault
|
||
on Gaza between Chirsmas and New Year 2008
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Section
|
||
Facebook
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Section
|
||
Delicious and Diigo
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Turned Authors
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Culture Wheel concerts
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Free Software
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Nawwara
|
||
\begin_inset Index
|
||
status collapsed
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
Nawwara
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
, Egyptian Watchman
|
||
\begin_inset Index
|
||
status collapsed
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
Egyptian Watchman
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Bloggers unions
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Quran and the Crisis of Yehia Megahed
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Part
|
||
Profiles
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
O7od
|
||
\begin_inset Index
|
||
status collapsed
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
O7od
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Iblis
|
||
\begin_inset Index
|
||
status collapsed
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
Iblis
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Mostafa Hussein
|
||
\begin_inset Index
|
||
status collapsed
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
Mostafa Hussein
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
it takes a geek to start new trends: twitter, delicious
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Zobaida
|
||
\begin_inset Index
|
||
status collapsed
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
Zobaida
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Part
|
||
Challenges
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Arabic hosts
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
comparison between Katib, Jeeran, Tadwin, Toot, and Maktoob
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
Bloggre, WP and independent bloggers are more visible in MSM and on the
|
||
streets
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Arabic technology
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Section
|
||
Arabeyes
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Detention
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
http://garshkal.blogspot.com/2008/11/blog-post_10.html
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||
Looking further
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
The decentralised, open social network means that
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||
It does not allow anyone to have too much power.
|
||
There will be no Facebook management that is able to cooperate with the
|
||
powers that be
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||
It cannot be taken down without massive losses.
|
||
Actually the only way to kill a decentralised and open social network is
|
||
to kill communication technology altogether.
|
||
Not only the web, and since the social network will have a face that works
|
||
on mobile phone technology, not only the internet.
|
||
For authoritarians, the social network will seem like a disease, and the
|
||
only way to kill the disease is to kill the patient
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
The next step after reclaiming the social network is to reclaim the hardware
|
||
network, and to use free hardware and software.
|
||
Even anthother step is to use decentralised renewable energy.
|
||
Only then will the network be strong enough to defy and change the world
|
||
as we know it today.
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
|
||
LatexCommand printindex
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_body
|
||
\end_document
|