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digging, so lhere are large machines suiled lo speeral
landseape tasks Any of iheae ran be supplanted by
human labour where ii is pleniilul The basie
earflkmmnng aliaehmeuls are lira:
- BLADE (can be uiouniad on almosl any veluele, or
lowed), insludes ”v" blades erdelvers
- BUCKEI llor lining and loading loose maleriali,
narrow and loolhed lor hard ground, nr bl speeial
shapes lordrains,
- BUCKET Cl-ullN llor faundahons, pipelines,
narrow deep dilehes, underwaler dredging)
- scoop lean be horse or bul|o:k-duwn, or
ariieulaled on an hydraulie or leleseopre arrnl
. KIPI'FJI “or: breaking up eoinpaeied sods), usually
lowed mmrrmuumed on lraelois
- DELVER iioronepass drains; olien niounied on a
grader, or lowed on a (nine belund a bulldozerl
- SPINNER liear-inounied on a speeial lraelorl, a
[askrvzvnlvmg dise ol aboul 2-: m diameler wl|h
peripheral buelrels,
. BORERS AND DRILLS iholas, lenees, explosives,
pipes, wells,bo'ns, and rhe lilrel
- in PUMPS ([0 pump oul sill and sand in wei
plaeesl
As well as lhese, lhere are explosives, whirh are ol
speflal use in marshes and swamps, and some specials
rsed lools ior rods and swamp work, lur mines, and lor
massive iunnelhng.
nlllllir ml
ms Two—misc» SHWEL
A 54mph nor-4mm mere-a synern or drain, Barnum. and males
oilr sonsern here, however, is lor lhe rommon louls
ol landseaping and waler slorage ar waler ehanneling
Elch has appropriaie uses, alihough mosl ean do
somelhing ol whal ihe elhers do To lake lhem one ar a
lime
Minna
The blade Einhmm'ers are ihe maehrnes lor levelling
and benehiug or lerraelng, and ideally lhey should be
able io liil land dropi, angle, and lili They ran be
mounled fumard lbulldoeerl. in ihe eenire igraderl or
al ihe roar lwheel lraerors, lor levelling) Tilied, ihe
blade ean malie shallow v dilehes, or pui eiowns on
roads Angled. ii spills earih \0 one side as sieering
walls, or makes long shallow drains
blades are ideal lor levelling house siies, lor ierraees,
lor benelies on hillside, iar side-euibug roads, and lor
pushing up earlh walls Even a small iraelor ll7-25
h p.i, parienlly womad, ean male very large dams and
leer—aees ar less hiel eon (bul greener lime eooil lhan a
bulldozer, while large bulldozers are ihe ruosl
eeonomieal of lime. They ran wmk diiliculi, sleep, or
siony siles and move very large obieels sueh as
boulders,
The bulldom is a blade mashine, mainly lor pushing
and plan ng eareh, ii is 0! greaiesl use in ioading and
lor dams, l s an eneellenr machine lo poi up, roll solid,
and spread earlh, lo dig large shallow holes, move
small hills, and belieh The blade Tins lor road enrwn
slopes and ANGLES lor easling aside windrows oi
earlh. ir also Llrls lo spread and release loads, and
mops ia delve our drains and diiehes
Angled blades are used in long runs lo rasl earlh our
ronrmuously lo one side leaned sideeasliugl Tilied
blades are used lo eui ehannels or lo beuieh slopes, and
lill is used mainly [or piling up or levelling loads
blades are normally lorwardrmounled lor signl and
eonlrol reasons, bui on lhal special road marhrne. ihe
GRADEK, lhe blade i mrdernounied lo give esen
spreading and on mull [arm or wheeled rraeiois are
olien rear—moonled, Some small blades roiaie aboui
lneiraiiis ”50 swrvell The grader can be used lo makz
long drains,ol shallow angle, ihese are inrsralled spoon
drains, bul are elleelively more angled ihan spooned in
session.
Thus, lor all normal bench work, a bulldaxu is
uselul, and tin long liar load or levelhng runs a grader
is belier A scum: is a large, sell—lining buelrel or
land dredge whieh can boih ml and emply ilsell lo
plane on or dig our large areas All large maehuies ean
now be laseregurded io :«utalely level and grade
helds or a presei slope lasers ran also aulomaiieally
work his hydraulisa lo liii and drop earlh, bul land
lorming is oiaurly iesirieled io large llailish irrigalron
areas or eivrl worlrs, and is normally eoniraeled oul lo
speeialrsis wirh large noelunes
The PM my burlre
Thia machine lsomelimes called a diolil combines all
lulu molions ol Iill. dig, push, and pull, and is a
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