Amr Gharbeia
4e9431ec1d
passepartout v0.7.2 (Gate Trace + HITL + Search + 11 more features): - Gate trace visualization with Ctrl+G toggle - HITL inline panels with styled collapse on approve/deny - Agent identity file + /identity command - Safe-tool read-only allowlist - Message search mode with Up/Down nav and highlights - Context budget visibility with section breakdown - Session rewind /sessions /resume /rewind - Undo/redo per operation - Context debugging /context why /context dropped - Tool hardening (timeouts, write verify, read-only cache) - Tag stack severity tiers + trigger counts - Merkle provenance audit + audit-verify - Self-help /help <topic> reads USER_MANUAL.org - Live CONFIG section in system prompts - Pads: Page Up/Down scroll by 10 lines Core 92/92 TUI Main 104/104 TUI View 29/29 Neuro 13/13
5.8 KiB
Ahmed Hussein :EIPR:privacy:@personal:
Ahmed Hussein EIPR privacy @personal
:CREATED: [2013-06-02 Sun 16:34] :MODIFIED: [2013-06-05 Wed 11:33] :IMPORTED: [2023-02-08 Wed 19:22]
SEMEWE3 10 GB - SDH Synchronous digital Heirarchy - 1 lamda
STM1 155Mbit == 15million dollars 1999/2000
90K dollars 2004
STM4
You buy Right Of Use ROU for the cables lifetime (25 years)
FLAG - 8 lamda
BWDM Wave division multiplexing
SE-Me-We 4 100 lamda
TE North 160 lamda 1.6 Tbit/S
poor quality cables on land, walks next to SOMED
Saweris cable also
من أبو قير إلى سنترال الأوتو، و من الأوتو إلى رمسيس بدون تفريع قبل رمسيس
لحد 2002، لم يكن يمكن تمرير أي مرور قبل رمسيس، تغير هذا لاحقا
سنترال دولي في مصر (تقريبا وحيد في رمسيس)
المصرية للاتصالات تصل إلى Telecom Italia and At&T.
- Trasmission circuit
- IP circuit (two routers at two ends)
Cables cost also for 1) maintenance (yearly) and 2) restoration (backup)
FLAG installed a router in Ramsis and gives IP port. It was called Ip Hub, partnership between TE and FLAG
Second router (Hub) in Auto central
Who can buy circuits?
Problems with pricing of SeMeWE4
- Transmission is
Cables (was a monopoly by TE until it opened in 2004 and there were five consortiums)
Landing Stations
- Data circuits
In 2000 (or 2001), Hisham el Sherif (using his relations with army and Mubarak) took a monopoly over data NOL. 120$ million (25% TE, 25% EGIS, 25% army (Nile Venture), 25% Egyptian banks) were spend on old technologies (IP on top ATM). Due dilligance Ahmed Hussein did in 2004. It was worth 80 million pounds In MINUS because of the old systems
- International voice
The other scandal was عبد الرحمن الصاوي and TEData and had another scandal
Nazeef said three classes of licenses:
A has right to take international circuits via TEs transmission: NOL, EgyNet, Link, Giganet+IDSC مصطفى عبد الواحد و أحمد حسين(TE data later)
B service providers without international circuits. Took from class A: Raya (bought by Vodafone later), Yalla, MenaNet and Noor باسل دلول (a fifth one never became operational)
Class C: resellers. Ahram, Akhbar and others
Classes A and B had the right to build public data networks. From EM, all the way to 10Gbit Ethernet. They had their international IP ports from abroad, or through FLAG. Ports are paid for monthly.
الجيش يأخذ القرارات. المخابرات رأيها استشاري و لها حق الفيتو
المخابرات كانت مع redundancy and avoiding single points of failure
الجيش كان مع السيطرة من خلال المصرية للاتصالات
99% of the network inside Egypt is TE
Uptill 2004, only TE had international voice license. Tarek Kamel decided operators mobile operators can also have them. He made a deal with Itisalat Egypt to buy the two losing ISPs (NOL and EgyNet for 300EGP million. They were worth zero) in place of preferential terms for international voice.
The terms were
100 EGP for each existing customer
20 EGP for each new customer. This is why Vodafone and MobiNil channel international calls through Israel. Vodafone pressured, and MobiNil resorted to VoIP. It was likely a response to the terms
TEData 30 million EGP
NOL 600 million EGP
EgyNet 120 million EGP
Linkdot net ¬30-49 million EGP
Even TE through TEData, محمد النواوي, then CEO TEData, persuaded TE that TEData is going bankrupt. Solution to agree TEData terminates international calls via VoIP, which earned TEData 1m$ per month, for two or three years. He directed most of the money towards polishing his political career
Three or fours years later, TE earned the calls cost, and TEData
cable: FALCON, cable Egypt-Italy, then Italy-Israel. Israel pressuring for closing the triangle. EGIS refuses. One explanation of cuts is Israel trying to pressure EGIS
Surveillance
Local traffic is difficult to monitor unless you are targeted. EGIS has devices in all ISPs that log authentication. Before that EGIS used to ask ISPs for users using certain posts
Narus device sold from Giza to EGIS
Cannot validate sensors
Spectronic, in the modem days. They installed devices to monitor modems. Attended as a consultant a meeting with Spectronic. They could reconstruct web pages
9 major centrals in Cairo.
TE provide:
Retail
Companies: fibre for companies
services for service providers
Almost almost no one can lay fibre but TE and the army
TE make money from:
Loop unbundling: 8 EGP/month for TE to use DSL
Transmission
local calls
international calls
TE used to make 9billion/year
now 1.5 billion/year
55K employees down to 47K
16% of land (realestate) prices goes to utilities. 4% to each utility.
اتفاق محمد عبد الرحيم مع المجتمعات العمرانية الجديدة على 1500 جنيه للشقة. تكلفة مد الخطوط للشقة قد تصل إلى 4000 جنيه، دون فرق بين النحاس و الفايبر.
اتفاق مع صبور في أحد الكومباوندز
Link and (Tele tech) Magdi rasekh have licences to build fibre for less than 5000 units
DSL Access: Hwaei, Alcatel Lucent, smaller: ZTE, Zhone
Transmission equipment: siemns, Alcatel. Hwawei is eating up the market now
Providers: Cicso, Juliber
Mobile: Erricson, Hwawei, Alcatel smaller
Need more info on mobile and landline topologies
Lawful intercept
CERT: مكاوي
Man in the middle through agreements with CA (Ahmed Hussein had a self signed certificate on google.com)
Backlinks
- Source: 2013-06-02.org