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Date: Sun, 24 Sep 2017 20:53:33 +0000
Subject: How to Feed a Human Powered Building
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<h1 style=3D"margin:0;padding-bottom:6px;">
<a style=3D"color:#888;font-size:22px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-se=
rif;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;" href=3D"http://www.humanpower=
plant.be/" title=3D"(http://www.humanpowerplant.be/)">How to Feed a Human P=
owered Building</a>
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<a name=3D"1" style=3D"font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:1=
8px;" href=3D"http://www.humanpowerplant.be/2017/09/how-to-feed-a-human-pow=
ered-building.html">How to Feed a Human Powered Building</a>
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<p style=3D"font-size:13px;color:#555;margin:9px 0 3px 0;font-family:Georgi=
a,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-Serif;line-height:140%;font-size:13px;">
<span>Posted:</span> 24 Sep 2017 05:54 AM PDT</p>
<div style=3D"margin:0;font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-Serif;line-=
height:140%;font-size:13px;color:#000000;">
<div xmlns=3D"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p><span style=3D"font-size: 12=
pt;"><a class=3D"asset-img-link" style=3D"display: inline;" href=3D"http://=
krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883301b8d2aac4b7970c-pi"><img cla=
ss=3D"asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00e0099229e8883301b8d2aac4b7970c img-resp=
onsive" style=3D"width: 720px;" alt=3D"Human powered kitchen" title=3D"Huma=
n powered kitchen" src=3D"http://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8=
883301b8d2aac4b7970c-750wi" /></a></span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">The <a href=3D"http://www.humanpowerpla=
nt.be/human_power_plant/human-powered-student-building-plans.html">human po=
wered student building</a> is self-sufficient in terms of energy use and pr=
oduces no CO2.&nbsp;However, humans need extra food when they produce power=
, and producing this food also requires energy.<br /></span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Assuming a typical Dutch diet, o</span>=
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">ne kilowatt-hour of human generated electr=
icity produces up to 30 times more greenhouse gases than one kilowatt-hour =
of grid electricity. </span><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">How do we keep=
 the human powered community carbon neutral?</span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style=3D"text-align: center;"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">***</span=
></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Humans need energy -- food -- to surviv=
e. Moderately active adults require 2,000 to 2,200 Calories per day, which =
equals 2.4 kilowatt-hour of energy, or an average of 100 watts of power. Mo=
st of this energy (70-90 watts, depending on the person) is used to maintai=
n basic functions such as breathing, digesting, pumping blood, regenerating=
 cells and thinking. [1]&nbsp;<br /></span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Daily activities typically increase pow=
er usage by 30%, which brings the total roughly to between 90 and 120 watts=
. [1] However, the students in the human powered community are more active =
than average people, because they generate power for several hours per day.=
&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Students produce energy in their <a hre=
f=3D"http://www.humanpowerplant.be/2017/05/for-rent-750-human-powered-stude=
nt-rooms.html">private rooms</a> and on the <a href=3D"http://www.humanpowe=
rplant.be/2017/06/power-generation-floors.html">communal power generating f=
loors</a>. They also need to <a href=3D"http://www.humanpowerplant.be/2017/=
05/moving-between-floors-the-stairs.html">climb stairs</a>, pedal their was=
hing machine, <a href=3D"http://www.humanpowerplant.be/2017/05/communal-sho=
wer-laundry-floors.html">pump the water for their shower</a>, and do the di=
shes. </span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">If we assume a student to produce 100 w=
atts of power for four hours per day (room energy use + work duties on the =
communal energy floors), how much extra food is needed?&nbsp;</span></p>
<h2 style=3D"text-align: center;"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;"><strong>=
How Much Food Do We Need?</strong></span></h2>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">The human body is not very efficient: t=
he production of 100 watts of power requires 300 to 500 watts of energy in =
the form of food -- similar to the conversion efficiency of a combustion en=
gine. [1] This comes down to roughly 300 to 500 Calories per hour above the=
 basal metabolism, or a total of 1,200 to 2,000 extra Calories for 4 hours.=
 </span><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;"><a class=3D"asset-img-link" style=3D"di=
splay: inline;" href=3D"http://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e888=
3301b7c9207dc6970b-pi"><img class=3D"asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00e0099229=
e8883301b7c9207dc6970b img-responsive" style=3D"width: 700px;" alt=3D"Human=
 power production and food intake" title=3D"Human power production and food=
 intake" src=3D"http://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883301b7c9=
207dc6970b-700wi" /></a></span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">For a daily intake of 2,000 to 2,200 Ca=
lories, the typical western diet (including more than 100g of meat per day)=
 generates about 5 to 7 kg of CO2-equivalents per day. A&nbsp;vegetarian di=
et causes roughly 4 kg of CO2-equivalents, while a vegan diet produces the =
least greenhouse gas emissions, less than 3 kg of CO2-equivalents. [2] Note=
 that these are averages: the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions depen=
d on the ingredients and the location.&nbsp;<br /></span></p>
<h2 style=3D"text-align: center;"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;"><strong>=
CO2-Emissions of Human Power</strong></span></h2>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">If a meat eater produces 100 watt of po=
wer for four hours per day, he or she would generate 2.5 to 5 kg extra CO2-=
emissions. On the other hand, if 400 watt-hour of electricity would be take=
n from the Dutch electricity grid, the CO2-emissions would be only 0.148 kg=
. That's 16 to 32 times less.&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">=
A switch to a vegan diet can lower the carbon emissions of human power to 1=
.5 to 3 kg, but this is still much higher (10 to 20 times) than the CO2-emi=
ssions of grid electricity. <br /></span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">However, because students generate thei=
r own power, they have a strong incentive to use less power than students i=
n other buildings. Energy use in the human powered building is at least <a =
href=3D"http://www.humanpowerplant.be/2017/06/power-generation-floors.html"=
>10 to 20 times lower than in a common student building</a>. In combination=
 with a vegan diet, the CO2-emissions of human powered electricity would th=
us be similar to those of grid electricity.</span></p>
<blockquote>
<p style=3D"text-align: right; padding-left: 150px;"><span style=3D"font-si=
ze: 14pt;">The Dutch eat too much: they could produce power for 2 to 3 hour=
s without extra food intake.</span></p>
</blockquote>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">But many people in the Netherlands alre=
ady consume much more than 2,000 Calories per day, even if they=E2=80=99re =
not generating energy. The average daily food intake in the Netherlands is =
3,000 Calories, which means that the Dutch have a surplus of 1,000 Calories=
, sufficient for two to three hours of power production.</span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Some people do sports to burn this extr=
a energy, while others don=E2=80=99t =E2=80=93 obesity has become a major h=
ealth issue in the Netherlands, just like in other industrialised societies=
. This 'excess' energy could be used to produce power without raising the C=
O2-emissions of food production.<br /></span></p>
<h2 style=3D"text-align: center;"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;"><strong>=
Cheese, Protein Shakes, and Dumpster Food</strong></span></h2>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">To further limit the CO2-emissions of f=
ood, and because we are in the Netherlands, the students have opted to prod=
uce their own cheese. The waste product of that process -- the whey -- is u=
sed to make protein shakes.&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;"><a class=3D"asset-img-link" style=3D"di=
splay: inline;" href=3D"http://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e888=
3301b8d2aad65c970c-pi"><img class=3D"asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00e0099229=
e8883301b8d2aad65c970c img-responsive" style=3D"width: 700px;" alt=3D"Human=
 power diet" title=3D"Human power diet" src=3D"http://krisdedecker.typepad.=
com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883301b8d2aad65c970c-700wi" /></a></span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Protein shakes, which are popular in he=
alth clubs, are convenient because they allow active people to ingest suffi=
cient proteins without grilling steaks and steaming vegetables almost conti=
nuously. This saves time eating and cooking. </span><span style=3D"font-siz=
e: 12pt;">Protein shakes are purely nutritional and are not to be confused =
with steroids.<br /></span></p>
<blockquote>
<p style=3D"text-align: right;"><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;">Protein sh=
akes allow active people to ingest sufficient proteins without grilling ste=
aks and steaming vegetables almost continuously.</span></p>
</blockquote>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">To add surprises to the diet, students =
on cooking duty go dumpster diving in the city, mainly at the big supermark=
ets. This can bring food on the table that has a large CO2-footprint, howev=
er rescuing it from the garbage is obviously a good thing.</span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">The making of cheese and protein shakes=
 requires thermal energy, which is supplied by the <a href=3D"http://www.hu=
manpowerplant.be/2017/07/biogas-production.html">biogas power plant</a>. Th=
is means that cheese and protein shake production happens on days that the =
kitchen -- which depends on the biogas power plant for cooking -- serves ra=
w foods.</span></p>
<p style=3D"text-align: center;"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">***</span=
></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt;">[1] "<a href=3D"http://www.amazon.com/g=
p/product/0865716013/ref=3Das_li_qf_sp_asin_tl?ie=3DUTF8&amp;tag=3Dlowtemag=
az-20&amp;linkCode=3Das2&amp;camp=3D217145&amp;creative=3D399349&amp;creati=
veASIN=3D0865716013">The Human-Powered Home: Choosing Muscles Over Motors</=
a><img style=3D"border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" src=3D"ht=
tp://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=3Dlowtemagaz-20&amp;l=3Das2&amp;o=3D1&amp;=
a=3D0865716013&amp;camp=3D217145&amp;creative=3D399349" alt=3D"" width=3D"1=
" height=3D"1" border=3D"0" />", Tamara Dean, New Society Publishers, 2008.=
 <br /></span></p>
<p><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt;">[2] Sc=
arborough, Peter, et al. "<a href=3D"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1=
007/s10584-014-1169-1" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer">Dietar=
y greenhouse gas emissions of meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and veg=
ans in the UK</a>." <em>Climatic change</em> 125.2 (2014): 179-192. Abeliot=
is, Konstadinos, Vassiliki Costarelli, and Konstadinos Anagnostopoulos. "<a=
 href=3D"http://131.220.45.179/ojs/index.php/fsd/article/view/714" target=
=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer">The effect of different types of di=
et on greenhouse gas emissions in Greece</a>." <em>International Journal on=
 Food System Dynamics</em> 7.1 (2016): 36-49</span>.</span><span style=3D"f=
ont-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p></div>
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