memex/0_inbox/books/PDM/Bill Mollison - Permaculture A Designer's Manual text/483.txt

Polluhon, in all ils lorms, nlosl rapidly permeares
lindscapes and soelenes via waler. Whom/u we nave
used bloodes in a ealcnulenl, we ran leap dealll in llle
rivers and llle seas nllslwre as lar our ds llle reel areas,
and in in: sea ilsell. Tile dealli oi will reel areas is
elosely eorrelaled Willi llle use ol 2,443 and 2,A,5~1
inland Preservanon ol llle cleanliness and varlely al
wakr nabilals is as mural in llle survival oi nalions as
is lire eonservalieul nl soils solll are in peril loday.

ln speeiallsed sullures, wa|er beeomes the main
medium lor llle snslenanee, and all island euliures
nearly cornbliu llle wimr and earlll resources, as does
lne old Hawaiian ahmm synlllesls {figure 10.13!
Elsewneie, as on llle zupbrals and on me Tilleaea in
Peru, whok- eullures based on reed Ms derive lurare,
boals, hansms, bread, and meal lrom Tvpllul
vnrngnirles, Cypenis or like reeds, while ii is said lhal llne
Azlms al Lake lenlxnllllan in Mexleo llad wbal is
possibly llle nwst prodllelive syslern oi polyculmre yel
devised, Wllh einnarnpa mp, waierlowl, reedbed. arid
llsll elilluie mmhmldv

llle eullnres in lemaeed padl (rice and ram: serve
inuell ol Asia and oeeailia, min minor subsidiary
erops. llle dellale maaes ol llle Fly. cllall rialla,
Mekong. Nile, and Gang: rivers suppnrl lien eulnlras
0! gm." \‘Irifly and msuume ch ,Wnll marine,
esluary. Iresllwaler, mangrove. and land organisms in
elimise lroirl. Many ol lbese idvnnmsrs ean be lal ly
eneaply cleared in ulosl lniinld and some and environ
ineills, even il in rmnlalure

senile |M woes, llleie was a lively and large global
aquerium liade, and planls. nlolliises, lisll and no
doubl ase mgamsms were widely dlslribured
Many oi lbese were released inio loeal slreams and
brealne llalurallsed Even lilis eiieel was dwarled by
llle gnvzmmrnkasslsled disliibnlion and pidreelilrn ill
salmnnid lull as a preserve ol llle ldle and die amuenl
A leyv lien species, nolably rilapia and carp, were
blvushl in as a basic larmed lood lor renaee nee and
rare enlnire in Asla m in (amine areas However, ii is
slill |r|u‘ mar llle grear ulaioniy ol aliuaeulnires nave a
piedominanlly local flavour and species cumposlfinn,
and led lmrodueed speeies nave proved (a be as
adapled and produellye, or as uniquely sulled, as
indigenous spenes. Only ll mere are no loul rpetits, or
it all ll-ials in using lo<al speeles are iiuillmr, do people
look lo exotic lorrlls

Aquatullum new range rroln open—warer rage and
rlngmel sysreuls lo hIgMy inrensive rank or channe‘r
llow (“hung 0n fluids, alolls, and in desens, lolally
innovalive sysxcms have evolved—and wlll lil llllllre
EVnIvhwhcrr loeal speeles were absenl or 0! minor
pnlduthve (apanly As palagie lisliei-ies are Explolwd
by llle oilenen weslrm lulimi, island people have been
{ox-«d ro develop allelilanve sysrerns, and Aquaculnln‘
is one at lllese. llnlllle lerreslrlal eulrures, many
aouaeulruie developmenls have been pnlyeulluml
[mm lllelr ineepinm.

 

 

132

THE CASE FOR AQUACULTURE
Unhl lne lasr lew decades, we nave been able in harvesl
silliideni lisll, nliilluses, and planis lmnl nslural waler
syslems ms is m longer we ease, and a new impelus
ls evidenr in llle creanon and eulluie ol organisms in
the aliuarie liabllar Even inoupl. a lunlled plodndlom
lias exisled lor millenla in all eonxinenls. new speeles
are bmnghl lnlo rullure annually, and lbr pmblems ul
hmding and rearing a wide range ill orynisms are
being solved

niele are mmplei masons liir llle sudden revival and
Expansmn ol aquacullural sysleuls, some ol lllese are
undoulxedly eonneeled wnh overellslluie ol llle inanne
resouiee, bul pernaps as iinponaill is llle change in
lood liablrs resullmg lroul global lravel and
inlonnallom W|lh a consequzm ellange lroin lally and
red meals lo lisn and slrellrlsll, and a general wldl‘nlns
oi ins demand ior varieiy in loods lllai an be ealen
nw ur llirlllly cooked.

Waler culmms llad lone-ruled and undnubled
slablllly. and many nave perslsled wllhmn ealernal
impuls lor lllousands all years The slabilily and
ploduedmly ol aquamallure ryslems ale superior lo llle
lei-labial mlrure sysrelns so In developed clven llle
same inpuls in energy or nunlenrs, We ean eipeel linul
4.20 limes llle yield lrom waler inan lllal liorn me
adyiining land To summarise wily llns ls llle ease, we
need only lo nine llial

. Waler supply is eonslanl lilr planl and animal
inuwlli in aonane and 5Dml»aqua|l( nabnals

- planlnurrlenls in panlculai are svailableln soluble
and easily assimilable lnrm.

. Waler and null-lenl new is a radar nol mpmsenkd
in llnlds bnl is a mural bodsl in produsliml in warer

- Waler organisms insll. sllellilslll need wane lillle
energy in innivenieial. iney nre largely [we cl
prayilanoilal elleelsarld W215!“ disadvsnlages,

- ngm, nulrienl, and planls oculpy a lllreee
dimensional medium. There are complei edges,
iurlaees, and eondiliorls developed as a rerun, and a
nanny nlspeelesioodeupy lllese

- rile linen rigl land very reeenlly moneeulnirall
inblbllloiu M rarrneis are nnl as yel evidenl in waler
eullures, wnere mu )dvnnhgcs ol polyeillluie have
been vemgmsed lroin llle beginning

. Energies lorl in snlllvalion are eliminaled or
mdlked in aliualie syslenls, allliollgn managemenl may
need re beas skllled as ii is lor land mops

- llllpeunded waler loss a gleal val-lely nl produels
olner lllail loodl l nows oil lo energy produchon,
leereaeion, lrrlaalion sysleuis, and transponv

Although all rilese masons liar grealer yields wlrb less
inpuis have always been them, larnlels gmmlly
bale been slow in emlverl lo aquaeulnares, and pernaps
rightly so wilere a supponing inrnslrllelllie ol sldrare,
lrailsporl, and sales is laeliini; But as inese begm lo
develop, men ll becomes worrllwlllle lo abandon llle
produerloil ill llle many surplus eoinmod as new
flagging world inod markels in llle developed

 

 

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