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end poleniially shoneierin shoiehne.
Old deseris, iiire ehai ol Ceniral Ausllalla, inay
enhioil some 3000 speeies oi woody planis, while
reeenily danifitd mas, iilre ihose iii wumwzsk Aim.
inny have as lew as lso pianin sumving ihe ieeeill
ehange. iioin iiiiesi We ran in lhese (-55, m a ihe
agenisoliernsouenye ehange, bnllglllg species ioassirl
ioeai ie-ooiorusaoon liuin ihe world; arid lands Sueh
speeies will Insist in pioneering nerllrai
ieaiioiesianon. This has noi generally been our alin,
and we annually desiloy such Inva|uabk speeies eonl-
plus hi grow a suigle oop such as wheel, ihus laying
wasie lo ihe hiiuie.
The nuiriiaer oi ekmzlm in an aggregnle or syseein
ccminly aired. us potential eonipielriiy, ll eonlpleiury
is ialren lo he ihe nuniiaer oi hineiionai eonneeilons
between eleirienis in iaei, as Waddiiiglon um poinis
olii ln lhe ease oi n single inieieeiion la mnveisai-ionl
peeween elernerils, eoinpleaoiy goes up ioughly as ille
squaie oi lhe number oi dummy Twa's eoinpany,
liliee-s a crowd" ,and [we or SIX is gelling to be a
rheuiislesl
This is bad enough, lilii ii we eonsider ihe number ai
posslbk eoniieelions iii and iroin in eielnenl sneh an a
ehlellen irlguie 3.1», we ran see ihai iheee poienlial
Mans depend on lhe inionnallon we have noolli
lhe ehielren, so ihai ihe coinpleniiy oi a system
depends on ihe iniorinanon we have dbolll iis
eoinponenis, always piovi gthal such iniol-rilaooil ls
uud in design As we eannoi know everylhing, or
even know more ihan ihe apprennlaie eaiegoi-iis and
quanklly oi things whlch aie iioi enampiel eaien by
ehiellens, ihus in perinaeulnire we always suppose ihai
lhe ehirken ls busy inrlriiix l-oririreiiwls iisei/, dbonl
whlch we rould noi know and, oi (muse, ior which we
eould hm design We lillisi siinpiy inisi lheeluelren
Thus, in eonliiionsense, we an design ior whai we
believe lo be esseniials, and in ihernielreri aiieild loali
the deiaiis, eheelong ai laier siages lo see ihai yields
(our uliiinale pioduelsi aie sallsladory, ihe ehlellens
henllny and happy, and me syslein holdlllg up lamy
well
ii is iniporieni lo eoneenirsie on lhe nnruie or value
oironnreiilinl whim :Imnlls, in nahiie, we ran raieiy
eonneei eoinponenis u ensily as a wlie or pieee oi pipe
eanhe rixed inio piale Weds not mlllled ihe legume
lei ihe orange iree, ihe rhiellen to lie seed, or lhe
hedgerow ip lhe wind; we have lo undersinnd how
ihey hrneuan and ihen pinie ihern wheie we erusi ihey
will Wk. They lhen pioeeea to my addieionai iashs
end lo pio e oiher oonneeniins iheinaelves. They do
um mnfine iheir iuneiions lo our design Bowls!
Evolving eornpiex species .sseinhlles in isoinied
shes, e lhe Galapagos islands, may depend nioie on
. speeieHwam arising lroiri pioneer or survivor
species Illall ml invaders .dnpiing ironi boiderlandl
Only when inany nielles aie einpiy is a species able to
dihereilnaie and survive wiihoui mumtimr, so (I:
doda .ild Ddrwllls iinehrs arose, Having nrisen, ihey
inay ihen well prove io be very useiul ID och: SysV
seine Unique hlalld speeisa plum have himiiirin nor
easily iound in eonlineninl and eiowded eoologiee;
luquemly, hardy lravelers liire repriies and crue-
iaeeaha ialre lip ihoee niches lhal, on ouminenis, aie
ooeupled by species o1 mammals and birds
ii is um enough lo mmly speciiy lhe nirniber oi
eonneeeiona, and niii node heir yaluein lhe nymn asa
whole; ii may he pussible lhai eoinpleir loci-l sine
aliens and euliivsled or ehanee oompielriiy inay ooeur
in mud sysienls by innoduciioni on rnigraiiona
These new evenis, dkhollgh inereaiing eornplelrily,
inay iedliee siaiailiry wnh iespeel lo a dainhk local
yield. Thusv where ihe henipii eoinplexiiy oi eoopei-a-
dve oiganirins is uselld, (unpdidve or minus
wmpkxily is pmenliflly deeirucuve. Again, ii in n
quesiioil oi lnaiehing heals wlih produce, and oi due
will: given In oonneelionn
2.9
ORDER 0R CHAOS
li ionows ihai order .nd disoider arise in: insin some
.enloie and abscraci energy rheory laui iioin aeiunl
ground mndlfions or eonienis, hohh in naiural and
designed syslerns. Ennvpy is ihe reeuli oi lhe indie
worlr, nor lhe(ull\pllluly» A inmbleofdlvuse eleinenix
is disordered An eleineni running wud or in an :clwe
desknlclive rnode (ban in a ehina shopi is disordered,
and loo lew or loo rnany ioieed mnllutmns lead io
disoider
order is iound in ihinga liming beneficially iogeizler
It is nor (he ioieed rondinan o4 when, iadiness, and
siralghiness all oi which are, ill dengn or energy leniu,
disordered True onier may lie in appsreni millsmll; ii
is lhe aeid k-st oi ennopie order io In: lhe sysrenl ior
yield ii ii consumes erieigy beyond piodllel, ii is in
disorder ii ii produces energy lo or beyond
eonsuinpnon ii is oideied
Thus ihe semunglyewild and ”many—mm
garden o{ a New Guim Villager ls heauiihiliy mud
and in harmony, while lhe clipped lawns and pruned
roies oi lhe pieudmnslornl aie naeure in wild
disarray
W
cider and harmony malic- away In! dim um
Diwmi comm-s einargyiio no uuiiii end,
morass, mess. unnonnhy. end sheohineea willy
an enamyeinnlnldriod mom in iinuial sysiaine.
2 10
YERMm'ED AND FORCED
FUNCTIONS
All key living eiernellis may supply inany nuelions in
a syslein, bill ii we iry lo ioiee loo iii...y walk
31