memex/0_inbox/in/books/PDM/Bill Mollison - Permaculture A Designer's Manual text/432.txt

mllapse

In West Auslnlh, unly one iii original nee eeyer
remains, in sbneli Auilnlia m n Virloria mo, and in
Elhlopli 41. All suller increased sleeani and
gmnndwaier sailing, raised waler iables, and in.
creased anesian pressures lnrrn deep sail leads, risking
surlaee sail seepages lr is lherelerre a enlieal srralegy ni
loibid hmher eleanng on any land (serum Auslralia has
done sol, to mal inlereepier hanks, end In reregerale
upland or inlale areas wilh irees.

to sin up llie eyidenee en dryland salhllg‘

s Soll eollayse can neeur in day-Inmml sells, eaiis
mg walerlogging, gullying. and erdp dearh lroin
mmplflian and anaembie sml eendilions

. ln deloresled areas wuli large and! oi waler inuh'
ldrrned er permeable soils and shellered Mk, sally
gmnndwalers ean nseby lludd inhliranen, as ll does in
arereirngaled areas,

- Extess snll waler lrerr. ilie inner elleel is inosr
elleeilyely reindeer: by beeslyeisnsauporlallowl.

« Thz- ieduelion in elnninalion 0| overland flaw by
inrereeplion banks enables eollapsed sails lo maven
and lharunlil rhis is done. lrees win not survlve

Theee is eyery reason, lheieloie, iii rlmmmr llie Inml
siliirlnrii beleie reesininending eilher lree pllmmg or
inierneplrir banks, ilie larler are ippmpnik in seils
wilh ebvmus eeinenied ‘3' hurirens and iibyiiius
riinyvrasun wnierlngging, bin where bnih rlie "B'
her-iron and any underlying a|ria|a ean be riiillilry Tree
plannng is hlvely in be elleeliye in areas where deep
ptmwabl: surlare soils or slrala are lunlld, where nn
eeinenled suh»snrld«- layer ueriirs, and linen oll|y
where gmundwilers have run rearhed in 2 in o! lhe
snrlaee

Linnl inrenieplien banks have been rnade in enllapsed
sells, lreedealh will oeeur and new uses liye enly unbl
lhey are a year or lwu inln grewrh, alier lhar, lhey
walerlbg and die

The beer way (0 diseoyer whal local problems are
oeenring is by digging backhoe eils and observing
how rhey hilewhelner waler wells up lrnin deep Rep
ages, In lneldes dewn resin shallow seepage above lhe
"a" horizon Thls decides eorreelrye srralegies llrees
alune. or lmmpwr banle plus mesl

Swales lo inrilrrale rain wnler are appmpnll: only ii
rrees are niaiiled «lynx lien. la iediiee me ner iniilrrauon
abdve deep elay layers. Swales are, however. valuable
aids lo nee (mps and rbnrenrrale iresh wikx al liee
name.

7 ally. lhere is no donbl lhai any naliiin whleh
pennils overegrazms or «doping wineh rednees nee
eoyer in areas where pmripltilmn is exccvdzd by
evipnriunn wlll, in a iew ihorl decades. lnse ils
drylands lo deems and sail ll is long pasl rinie |n
legislale and |<| dlven publie names in bolh slvp and ii
posshle Mm rhese elleers worldewide.

Caullausflwhcs
Gwen ihe nuinele .nieraeliens Pusenile bellheen salt),
i-liieerannn, soils, slopes. drainage, and lnnd use. end

408

giyen lhal prebleins mly nol Show up lor loo years or
inoie. designers inusl always be willing iii iollow a
sequenee oi ranlions appreaehes id ensure lhe
pernianenl use bl drylands. l belieye lliese lo be as
lullows-

- To u-y a gn-al variely nl sinall sysleins iii earths
wdrlrs and land use pvxm‘cs an only une slope or final

- To rhen niuniror sneh iaernrs as inlillrarien,
evaporahon. salinily ehanges, and my neallh eyer a
few years

a To eaunerurly eiirend syslerns lliar do nol Show any
sail inciease in soils nverrheslreri lenn.

. Above all. m sure no runesu where bee reels ea-
nm| rernoye lhe water, or lb nee uvwn shade lhe sror-
age, unless i: is snbsurlaee slorage in sand basins or
sand danis.

. where gmundwzrer rubles are shallow, eonsen.
lrare en lessening inlillrallon by lloedwaler DWER-
sloN lo slieania and floodways.

r where soils are lrelenining, mnwnlul: on i
rrwlimx loeal inlilrralion by swales lo inerease iree
cover

- Where gardens are [0 be made. use ridge lrielde
irnganon in dry penbds, and il possible anew needw
walers in linsh oui funnws ulaeeurnulaied sale in um

i To layeur reel unles and snrlaeeswales ralher rhan
wells 0! bores, which lower loral iqhhller reseuiees and
rrnale lneal exeesses

- ln pammlir, use bade—hoe or deep pit samples in
eslablish rhe mndiriens is: drainage loeally, and llien
prereed lo siralegies based on me loeal eondiiiens
ldiyersion, inlereepliun, swal! inlillrarien, and snap
type)

Makr eyery aileinpi lo assess pnreniial yields
belore domg any ril rhese lhings Ally yield we ean
manage is pielerable le brie we 0:111. ir may be easier
lor us to rnanage and ineiease namral yields le 3 lhe
saiga imdapt in sleppe, lhe kangaroo in Austfilla. m
rhe 144] species cl large animals in Alrleal. wherher
animal ur planl, ihan ll is ie unpree an eirebe (mp or
animal speries all a hagile eni-nuninenl

- observe every ease where yields are nalurally
high, these rnndlribns inay indirare a sale way in
increase yields al leasl nsk leg. pakhu oi renal where
dunes eonrerge iii. a slnpmg paveinenl, or large erees
rnnging a dry nver sand-bedl sneh eondilieins are
libelyle have ‘ smodmelsis ellirne,

 

 

l-laying examined lprelerably by digging piis or
insuring piezorneleis in key areas) lusl whar local
sailing elleels are in preress, lanneis and disigneis can
elmse Imma serelslealegies loreveii useall nl lhern il
pmdurl incl-use ruabiies lhe expensel, Theseaie

l Swales al high levels lo eslablisli lrees. w '
reduce net inlilliaiion.

2 lnlereepror dmms landing In nalural wawmiys al
inidslnpe and on lowlands

3 Where iniake areas ean be ideniilied, inrensire
planring ul iiees Mhldl use plenniul sriil irarer leg