146 lines
5.0 KiB
Plaintext
146 lines
5.0 KiB
Plaintext
4 11
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TOROIDAL PHENOMENA
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lmplieu in our core model, and obvmus in Vlolent
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delonarions sueh as aromie explosions, pulis irorn
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diesel exliausl pipes. or deliberarely blawn as smoke
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rings, are lhe rolling doughnul-shapes a! TORI. A
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TORUS is a widespread nalural phenomenon The
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dosed rnodels irigure dual enelose sueh a ionis, end
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we ran imagine a slow-syrhng rorus or nulrienls
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surrounding ihe siern ol any Km as errmndrip names
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nuri-ienrs ro lhe ground, and lhe mis again rerurn
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lhem Via rhesremol IM oee,
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Phoiographir sulls ol alomie explosions may reveal
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yiolenily roiarrng lori around and rrowning ihe
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aseending eolunin or imuk: and deor . violenr
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up—draughu caused by loeal hear rreale surh rori in
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almospherie lherrnals, mueh appreeiaied by soaring
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birds and glider pilols, who ride rhe inner iaseendingl
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eurle oi lire doughnues oi hol air ihar ore generated, lor
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example,uvrr deseris on hoiahemoens
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A erunplex loroidal lorm is (he 'Robmson Com
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gmnte“ irigure um, porrraying lhe sparetime lnrm
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o: a mus—less parricle such as a pinion, represennng,
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in died, annidared ion
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DNA is also porrrayed as eneireling siren an
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imagrnary pluHonis in riguie m A Mooius sinp-a
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onesided rwisied loroid iolien porrrayed by MC
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Eiduex in hII dM—enables us io eross an edge wrlhour
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lining our penal Many hie iorrns produee rori leg
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some sea snail egg masses) We reiy on a iorus ol
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nipperl nllale our ryres and lo seal iamlar harrhes
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as O—rings
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A lorris is, in elieei, a speeial or lnineared ease or ihe
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cueroeeli .el iriguie ml, as . loerus is a lruneaied
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"iree‘. and (Zn or genera-ed by disrenlinuous or
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explosive llow, or pulses in llow A lonis is a dosed
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rhreedimensional yoriex One such elosed toroidal
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lorrn, as lound in bhck holes, is shown in figun on
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Here, aeereoon ol rriauer causes gaseous eyeerron ai the
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poles, as she earlh may have 'elezled‘ seas and
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eoniinenis al lhe magneiie poles, or gaihers in ihe
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violeni energy ol ionised parricles that harm lhe
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auroras, vislbk as polar ion in sarellne images, Even
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lhe long eurrains n1 lhe auroras seen rrarn ihe ground
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eonlarn yenieal spiral enluinnsll Reid pers Mum)
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4.13
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DIMENSIONS AND POTENTIALS;
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GENERATORS
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cur pmierned sysrems may exisr in lwo or more
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dimensions, We ran reasellare twa—dimemlnlufly lair
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need io enyisage rhiee dimeri * tor a me lorrn or
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glaeier Ihe "924mm: ol rivers llow down along
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S-shapud gradienlsr rlne generalor al' sueh a pauern is
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grayiry 51nd dunes iorin on near-liar plauorrns or rhe
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desen, and have wind as rheir generator, as do waves
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88
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on are sea Neilher gnwly nor wind may inneh aiieei
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rne ereeping iree paiierns ol mosses, dendriles in
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shales, or «he Inc-Illa iorrns ol rnyeorrhira in plan!
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eells h is here rhar weseeour nee lorrn asrhe besi way
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no grow or |0 galher nmnems in lhe dosenee oi yioleni
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lsinelic pm The genera-or here is hle or gaowlh
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irsell.
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When kinehe [om do nor aei snongly, as in nu dud
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essennally sheliered deserl environmenrs, lobulalion
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and lanieing sull oeeur as ireezeihaw or swell-shrink
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panerris, as they do in iee ilues on qulel ponds or in rhe
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hexagonal pauerns ol siones on rundra, The slow
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growlh ol crysiab inlo Mk eayihes or iee is snll relaied
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io our general model: rhe generaior pl pauem here
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being or ihe kvd oi moleeular iorees, as in many
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purely eherniorl proeesses, and ihelorrris generrled are
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iraelals
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hi hill eounrry, energies are usually a eonilainanon oi
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slream llow and grayily, On plains, ieepaeks or lial
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snowlields, u I! fluzrlluw or lhe swelling ol rlay in
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rain mat prodnees looularions or nerworks ol earih
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pallems lohulauon, rlie produriion oi sueh shspes as
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' re n, diners in origin and mode ol explvswn
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lrorn rhe kineus-eneigy (flow) sysrerns we have been
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discussing lsornehrnes lhmir oi lhe lohrilaied hours as
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response oi name, or lile, lo s world lhsi lhreaiens
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* odifimnm“.
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ll lhe hills wear down, rhen lhe anrepenialhmaie
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suriaees will produre (he)! lareral, rwodirnensional
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lile pauerns, as does lhe lichen on a rock Kinerie
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erosron pm: are lheri exehanged lur physieal and
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ehermeal proeess ar the moleeular level, In“ even lhis
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malts a sullieieni dilierenre in media in. lire iorrns io
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expms themselves, and lor dillerenees ro arise in lhe
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pairerris ol surlates,
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414
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CLOSED (SPHERICAL) MODELS,
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ACCRETION AND EXPULSION
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Allhough trees (includlng rree roorsl may lpproach
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spherieal lorm, lhe hesl examples are lound in
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spherieal bodies in spare. “meridian lighi, dusi, and
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grs rowards hem, and may eapnue marshals, ln uyeir
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early lormalion, lhey lhenuelyes may have had dense
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eores rhal assembled rheir share ol galasrie normals,
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and around ehese cores a lorus pl mauer ol low or
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high-speed roialion ean lorrn. This is lhe model
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presenied lor mosi oodles (Nm 5(nmll, 4 Apn| ‘35,
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pp lzelol. A general model 7: green in Figure 4.11.
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As mnku xeeurnulares in rhis way, bodies ean
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respond py
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. Becoming more dense- iii a lirrui oneu g/rmJF
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. Swelling orexpanduig lprodueing shauer curds);
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and
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. gyeenng marenalai ine poles.
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or any eombinarion ol lhese depending on lhe sure
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